amfic second progress meeting mariliza koukouli & dimitris balis laboratory of atmospheric...
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AMFIC second progress meeting
MariLiza Koukouli & Dimitris Balis Laboratory of Atmospheric PhysicsAristotle University of Thessaloniki
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Task 3.1: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China using ground-based results from the AERONET network.
Task 3.2: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over the city of Thessaloniki using a dedicated ground-based Brewer spectrophotometer.
Task 3.3: Validation of satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China where ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers exist.
Task 3.4: Validation of the satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over the city of Thessaloniki using the coincident to the satellite overpass ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers measurements.
Task 3.5: Validation of satellite-retrieved tropospheric O3 slant columns over selected Chinese and European stations that include ozone sondes.
Work package 3: Validation of aerosol properties, SO2 and O3 amounts
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Work package 3: Validation of aerosol properties, SO2 and O3 amounts
Task 3.1: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China using ground-based results from the AERONET network.
Task 3.2: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over the city of Thessaloniki using a dedicated ground-based Brewer spectrophotometer.
Task 3.3: Validation of satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China where ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers exist.
Task 3.4: Validation of the satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over the city of Thessaloniki using the coincident to the satellite overpass ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers measurements.
Task 3.5: Validation of satellite-retrieved tropospheric O3 slant columns over selected Chinese and European stations that include ozone sondes.
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The SO2 issue over Europe
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The SO2 issue over China
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Brewer SO2 data
From the original 84 stations that provide total DAILY SO2 columns in www.woudc.org, after cleaning up rogue files and keeping only data from year 2000 onwards, some 58 global stations remain.
Keeping only those stations with coincident measurements with the Sciamachy/OMI overpasses between 2004 and 2007 in Europe and China we are left with some 24 stations in total.
We are not given the standard deviation of the daily SO2 Brewer measurements
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Brewer SO2 data
For Thessaloniki we have direct access to the measurements including the nominal measuring period during the day from which the daily values are extracted.
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Limitations of the Brewer SO2 measurementsBrewers measure UV at five wavelengths, four longer wavelengths are
used to derive ozone, the fifth (shortest) wavelength is used only for SO2. There are several sources of errors in Brewer SO2 measurements:
Stray light. Since SO2 measurements are based on the shortest
wavelength signal, these measurements are strongly affected by stray light i.e. by light that is actually coming from longer wavelengths. That causes errors in SO2 at high zenith angles and under high total ozone conditions. SO2 can be negative due to this problem.
The ExtraTerrestrialConstant errors. Unlike ozone, it is difficult to determine ETC for SO2 from a comparison with a standard instrument. A generic ETC value is used instead. This yield an error that depends on the solar zenith angle. The error is high when the solar zenith angle is low.
Vitali Fioletov, private communication
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Limitations of the Brewer SO2 measurements Wavelength/absorption coefficient. The Brewer wavelength
and the instrument sensitivity are not exactly the same for all instruments. Errors in effective SO2 absorption coefficient introduces a bias, while wavelength shifts affect also the ETC causing more complicated errors.
So, errors in SO2 measurements are rather large and
complicated. Present SO2 algorithms might not be suitable for estimation of "background" SO2 levels.
Vitali Fioletov, private communication
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Sciamachy SO2 data
Overpass files within 50 km of centre given In case of multiple satellite measurements in one day,
the closest to the locus is chosen. Three SO2 total column density with plume height at:
1km 6km 14km
Successful AMF calculation [AQI=0] data kept No restriction on cloud fraction as of yet.
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OMI SO2 data
Overpass files within 50 km of centre downloaded from http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/
In case of multiple satellite measurements in one day, the closest to the locus is chosen. [i.e. no averaging performed so far.]
Only keeping data with cloud fraction less than 0.20
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OMI SO2 data
Four SO2 total columns Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) corresponding
to CMA of 0.9 km. Lower tropospheric Layer (TRL) corresponding
to CMA of 2.5 km. Middle tropospheric Layer (TRM) usually
produced by volcanic degassing, corresponding to CMA of 7.5 km.
Upper tropospheric and Stratospheric SO2 Layer (STL) usually produced by explosive volcanic eruption, corresponding to CMA of 17 km.
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How the analysis is performed: per ground-based Brewer station
Raw differences [in DU] Monthly differences Monthly time series Histogram representation Scatter plot
for the entire dataset For summer [Mar – Oct] For winter [Nov – Feb]
Seasonal [monthly] variability Seasonal solar zenith angle dependence
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Where we left of with the SO2 last May
1. Calibration of Thessaloniki Brewer SO2 dataset2. Use, for Thessaloniki, the raw Brewer
measurements instead of the daily mean value. Correlate better in time with the satellite data.
3. Examine the effect of constraining the Sciamachy SO2 data for SZA <75 deg [suggested by Jos] and to a cloud fraction < 0.20
4. Examine the effect of constraining the OMI SO2 data for SZA <60 deg and to a cross-track position 10 to 50 [as suggested by Nick Krotkov].
5. Instead of keeping the closest satellite measurements to the ground-position, do an average of all measurements of that day and present the daily variability.
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Task 3.4: Validation of the Sciamachy & OMI SO2 over
the city of Thessaloniki
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Task 3.4: Validation of the Sciamachy SO2 over the city of Thessaloniki, plume @ 1km
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Task 3.4: Validation of the Sciamachy SO2 over the city of Thessaloniki, plume @ 6km
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Task 3.4: Validation of the Sciamachy SO2 over the city of Thessaloniki
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20 0 4 20 0 4 .5 20 0 5 20 0 5.5 20 0 6 20 0 6 .5 20 0 7 20 0 7.5 20 0 8Date
- 2
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Bre
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Brew er Thessaloniki
Task 3.4: Discussion of the Thessaloniki Brewer total SO2 : corrected
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Un-corrected vs corrected time series.
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Task 3.4: Validation of the OMI SO2 over the city of Thessaloniki
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Task 3.4: Validation of the OMI SO2 over the city of Thessaloniki
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Sciamachy : all data SO2 TRLThessaloniki
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Sciamachy : no backward pixels, SZA cut-off at 75° SO2 TRLThessaloniki
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OMI : all data SO2 TRLThessaloniki
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OMI : all data, averaged within 50km SO2 TRLThessaloniki
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OMI : data averaged within 50km, CTP & SZA cutoff SO2 TRLThessaloniki
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Using the instantaneous data from the Thessaloniki Brewer
SO2 PBL comparison
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Using the instantaneous data from the Thessaloniki Brewer
SO2 PBL comparison with a 2 D.U. cut-off
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Task 3.3: Validation of Sciamachy SO2 over Europe and
China with Brewer spectrophotometers
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Task 3.3: Validation of Sciamachy SO2 over Europe and China with Brewer spectrophotometers
Three in China & Two in Korea & One in Hong-Kong
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Task 3.3: Validation of Sciamachy SO2 over Europe and China with Brewer spectrophotometers
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Arosa 46.77° North
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Arosa 46.77° North
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Hohenpeissenberg 47.80°North
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Hohenpeissenberg 47.80°North
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Sodankyla 67.37° North
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Sodankyla 67.37° North
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Mt Waliguan 36.17° North
China, at 4km altitude
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Mt Waliguan 36.17° North
China, at 4km altitude
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Pohang 36.03° North
Korea
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Pohang 36.03° North
Korea
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Cape d’Aguilar 22.24° NorthHong Kong
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Cape d’Aguilar 22.24° NorthHong Kong
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Results from all stations
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Sciamachy : all data SO2 TRLEurope & China
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Sciamachy : no backward pixels, SZA cut-off at 75° SO2 TRLEurope & China
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OMI : data averaged within 50km, CTP & SZA cutoff SO2 TRLEurope & China
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The choice is upon us
Ground-based data: scarce, quality low. Sciamachy/Envisat data: Using carefully
selected cut-off values comparisons improve.
OMI/Aura: No difference observed between using the closest observation and the mean of the observations within 50km of the overpass.
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The future steps
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Task 3.1: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China using ground-based results from the AERONET network.
Task 3.2: Validation of satellite-retrieved aerosol properties over the city of Thessaloniki using a dedicated ground-based Brewer spectrophotometer.
Task 3.3: Validation of satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over a wide range of geolocations over Europe and China where ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers exist.
Task 3.4: Validation of the satellite-retrieved SO2 pollution fields over the city of Thessaloniki using the coincident to the satellite overpass ground-based Brewer spectrophotometers measurements.
Task 3.5: Validation of satellite-retrieved tropospheric O3 slant columns over selected Chinese and European stations that include ozone sondes.
Work package 3: Validation of aerosol properties, SO2 and O3 amounts
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Task 3.5: Validation of satellite-retrieved tropospheric O3 slant columns over selected Chinese and European stations that include ozone sondes.
Next three months: Algorithm development in preparation for
Task 3.5 Quality control and selection of WOUDC
and SHADOZ data Compile tropospheric ozone time series
from WOUDC and SHADOZ data. Validate against the satellite data.