american revolutionary war 1775-1783 4 pages…. first continental congress o in 1774 delegates met...
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American Revolutionary War
1775-1783 4 Pages…
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First Continental Congress
O In 1774 delegates met in Philadelphia to decide what to do about the situation.
O 56 delegates including John and Samuel Adams.
O One delegate wanted to make peace.O Patrick Henry said there was no way to avoid a
fight.O In the end they reached a compromise – O They decided to continue to boycott British
goods and warned colonial militias to be ready to fight.
O They sent delegates to the king asking for basic rights.
O The king refused.
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John AdamsO Lawyer and politicianO Defended British soldiers
after the Boston Massacre
O Represented Massachusetts in the Congress
O Strong supporter for independence
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“The British are Coming!”
O Local militia members began calling themselves minutemen because they would be ready at a minute’s notice.
O Much of the weapons and ammunition were stored in Concord.
O A British general decided to go raid the ammunition.
O The Sons of Liberty learned of the plan. O Sent men riding ahead to warn the
minutemen.
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Paul Revere & Wentworth Cheswell
O Paul Revere rode ahead to warn the minutemen.
O When Wentworth Cheswell heard the shouts he ran to warn others as well.
O Many people made rides warning of the British coming.
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The “Shot Heard round the World”
O The minutemen beat the British to the ammunition.
O They decided to make a line at Lexington to stop the British.
O The first shot of the Revolutionary War.
O The British marched on to Concord, few weapons remained.
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Second Continental Congress
O In 1775 representatives from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia again.
O They had to decide how to react to the fighting.
O Congress made plans to create a Continental Army – chose George Washington to command the army.
O One last attempt at peace – Olive Branch Petition – King rejected the offer
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George Washington
O A soldier in the French and Indian War
O Delegate to the First and Second Continental Congress
O Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army throughout the Revolutionary War
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Thomas Paine
O Wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense
O It was written in common language and distributed throughout the colonies
O Urged colonists to break free from Britain
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Second Continental Congress
O 1776 the Congress created a committee to write a document declaring independence from Britain.
O In reaction to King George III’s refusal to acknowledge the colonial requests
O John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were among others in the committee.
O Wrote the Articles of Confederation which would serve as a new form of government for the young country.
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Thomas JeffersonO A delegate to the First
and Second Continental Congress
O A member of the committee to write the Declaration of Independence
O Primary author of the Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence
O July 4, 1776O “All men are created equal”O Discussed unalienable
rights – which are basic rights guaranteed to people naturally
O These rights included – life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
O Listed grievances against the King of England
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Grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence
O Taxation without representationO King has absolute powerO Colonists not allowed to speak out
against KingO Quartering Act forced colonists to
house troopsO Allowed homes to be searched
without a warrantO No trial by jury of peers
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Abigail AdamsO Wife of John AdamsO Served as his
support and confidant
O Reminded John to “remember the ladies” who had no political voice
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Choosing SidesO Patriots – fought for
independence from Britain
O Loyalist/Tories – remained loyal to Britain
O Neutrals – chose neither side
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Washington Crossing the Delaware. (Battle of Trenton)
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Battle at SeaO John Paul JonesO Considered the founder of the U.S.
NavyO Led raids on British vessels during
the American Revolution
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SaratogaO Considered a major turning point of the warO France joined the colonists after this battle. O This tipped the scale in favor of the colonists
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Benjamin Franklin
O He spent most of the Revolutionary war in France
O He represented the colonies
O He negotiated an alliance with France
O He negotiated the Treaty of Paris which ended the war
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Winter at Valley Forge
O After suffering several defeats, Washington took his army to Valley Forge for the winter of 1777.
O Many of the men suffered frostbite and starvation
O The men were trained by a Prussian officer into a more professional army.
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Help From Other Countries
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Bernado de Galvez
O Spanish nobleman and governor of the Spanish province of Louisiana
O Protected American ships in the port of New Orleans
O Helped transport war suppliesO Took up arms and fought to protect
Louisiana
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Marquis de Lafayette
O From FranceO Fought in the American
RevolutionO Commanded forces as a
major-general in the colonial army
O Fought in the Battle of Yorktown
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James ArmisteadO A slave in VirginiaO Marquis de Lafayette recruited
him as a spy for the Continental Army
O Contributed to the victory at Yorktown
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Haym SalomonO Jewish immigrant to AmericaO Helped finance the
Revolutionary WarO Arrested by the British as a
spyO Used by the British as an
interpreter for their German troops
O Helped American prisoners escape and encouraged German soldiers to desert the British army
O Was a business man who helped with the finances of the war.
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Victory at YorktownO Final battle of the Revolutionary WarO The battle lasted for weeksO The surrender of General Cornwallis
brought an end to the war
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Treaty of Paris 1783
O Independence formally recognized by Britain
O New borders established
O North to CanadaO West to the Mississippi
River