american management style
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Understanding AmericanBusiness Management
Carrine Kezia Aulia
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Why leaderships and management style differs from country to country?
Local culture plays an important role in management around the world
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OUTLINE
• Cultural Aspect• Management Aspect
– Business Values– Setting up Meetings– Communications– Business Etiquette– Business Communication Style : Non-Verbal– Written Communications– Conversation
• “Gung Ho” Movie Report
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Cultural Aspect
Hofstede’sCultural Dimension Research
• Study based on 116,000 people in 50 countries
• He proposed following 4 value dimension
POWER
DISTANCE INDIVIDUALISM MASCULINITYUNCERTAINTY
AVOIDANCE
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POWER DISTANCE
• The extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.
• People in low power distance cultures are much more comfortable with a less status differential
• Superiors are always accessible and managers rely on individual employees and teams for their expertise
• Both managers and employees expect to be consulted and information is shared frequently
• At the same time, communication is informal, direct and participative
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INDIVIDUALSM
• Whether people´s self-image is defined in terms of “I” or “We”
• People are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only
• Employees are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative
• Americans are not shy about approaching their prospective counterparts in order to obtain or seek information
• Hiring and promotion decisions are based on merit or evidence of what one has done or can do
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MASCULINITY
• A high score (masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the “winner” or “best-in-the-field.”
• Behavior in school, work, and play are based on the shared values that people should “strive to be the best they can be” and that “the winner takes all”
• Americans will tend to display and talk freely about their “successes” and achievements in life, here again, another basis for hiring and promotion decisions in the workplace
• Typically, Americans “live to work” so that they can earn monetary rewards and attain higher status based on how good one can be
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UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
• Uncertainty Avoidance is the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these
• There is a larger degree of acceptance for new ideas, innovative products and a willingness to try something new or different, whether it pertains to technology, business practices, or foodstuffs
• Americans tend to be more tolerant of ideas or opinions from anyone and allow the freedom of expression
• Americans do not require a lot of rules than higher-scoring cultures
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Management Aspect
Business Values
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Management Aspect
Business Values
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Management Aspect
Business Values
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Management Aspect
Business Values
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Management Aspect
Setting up Meetings
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Management Aspect
Communications
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Management Aspect
Communications
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Management Aspect
Business Etiquette
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Management Aspect
Business Communication Style: Non-Verbal
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Management Aspect
Written Communications
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Management Aspect
Making conversation
SAFE TOPICS AVOID TOPICS
• Where are you from?• Weather• Traffic• Entertainment: Movies,
music, ….• Hobbies• Food, restaurants• Sports (especially men)• Work
• Religion, political view• Family – until the person
brings it up• Salary• Woman’s age• Never ask how much one
paid for his/ her house/ apartment!
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Gung Ho Movie Report
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Japan : Considering a long-term investment
US : Undertaken with hesitation (employee may go to another firm
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Gung Ho Movie Report
MEETING
• Informal and relaxed in manner• Participation is expected | Silence = No
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Gung Ho Movie Report
CONTRACT
US
Contract is a deal
Japan
Contract is a processI already assumed that (the company does open)
No, we did not
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Gung Ho Movie Report
BUSINESS CARDS
Japan : Important, exchanging business card = ritual
US : Not so important, not a ritual
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Gung Ho Movie Report
NAME SPELLING
US
Often use first name, even in business
(Low power distance = 40)
Japan
More formal, use formal title and last name in business
(Medium tend to high Power distance = 54)
Hello Mr. Stevenson
No, we did notHey, please Hunt, okay?
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Gung Ho Movie Report
INDIVIDUALISM/ COLLECTIVISM
Japan (46) : Collectivist, “family companies” are normal
US (90) : Individualist, “family companies” are rare
Boss : Uncle Subordinate : Boss’ cousin
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