American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism

United States United States HistoryHistory

Mr. TerrellMr. Terrell

Goal and PurposeGoal and Purpose

6.01 Examine the factors that led to the 6.01 Examine the factors that led to the United States taking an increasingly United States taking an increasingly active role in world affairsactive role in world affairs6.02 Identify the areas of U.S. military, 6.02 Identify the areas of U.S. military, economic, and political involvement and economic, and political involvement and influenceinfluence6.03 Describe how policies and actions of 6.03 Describe how policies and actions of the United States impacted other the United States impacted other countriescountries

ImperialismImperialism

The practice of extending a The practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining nation’s power by gaining territories for a colonial territories for a colonial empireempire

The economic and political The economic and political domination of a strong nation domination of a strong nation over weaker nationsover weaker nations

Great Britain, France, Spain Great Britain, France, Spain and other European nations and other European nations had empires had empires

Some Americans believed we Some Americans believed we should do the same (Social should do the same (Social Darwinists)Darwinists)

empireempireA nation that dominates A nation that dominates and controls other and controls other countries, territories, countries, territories, and colonies.and colonies.

Example:British Empire

during the 1700s.

colonycolonyA nation that is A nation that is controlled by a stronger controlled by a stronger country and exploited country and exploited for natural resources, for natural resources, labor, and taxes.labor, and taxes.

A new branch of A new branch of territory settled by territory settled by citizens of another citizens of another nation.nation.

We used to be the 13 We used to be the 13 colonies of England.colonies of England.

Military needsMilitary needs

The United States needed a The United States needed a strong navy to protect its strong navy to protect its shores and trading interestsshores and trading interests

The Navy needed bases The Navy needed bases where ships could refuel and where ships could refuel and make repairsmake repairs

U.S. wanted foreign territory U.S. wanted foreign territory so they could build the bases so they could build the bases in strategic placesin strategic places

Economic interestsEconomic interests

The industrialists of the The industrialists of the United States had the United States had the desire to gain overseas desire to gain overseas markets to sell their markets to sell their products.products.

Industrialists also began to Industrialists also began to look to Africa, Asia, and look to Africa, Asia, and Latin America for new Latin America for new sources of raw materials sources of raw materials for their factories.for their factories.

protectoratesprotectorates

A country that is A country that is controlled by an controlled by an outside outside government in government in return for military return for military protection from protection from invasion and invasion and rebellionsrebellions

Social DarwinistsSocial Darwinists

Believed that when Believed that when nations competed nations competed against one another, only against one another, only the fittest would survivethe fittest would survive

Believed that it was a Believed that it was a social social responsibility to responsibility to “civilize” the inhabitants “civilize” the inhabitants of lesser developed of lesser developed nationsnations

Anglo-SaxonismAnglo-Saxonism

Belief that English-Belief that English-speaking nations had speaking nations had superior character, superior character, ideas, and systems of ideas, and systems of government and government and therefore were therefore were destined to dominate destined to dominate the planetthe planet

Promoted by Promoted by Protestant clergyman Protestant clergyman Josiah StrongJosiah Strong

Causes of U.S. ExpansionismCauses of U.S. Expansionism

United States Expansionism

Causes

-Economic: Desire for new markets and raw materials

-Military: Desire for naval bases and coaling stations

-Ideological: Desire to bring Christianity, western-style culture, and democracy to other peoples

Foreign industrial competitorsForeign industrial competitors

British EmpireBritish Empire

FranceFrance

BelgiumBelgium

Germany Germany

JapanJapan

Captain James CookCaptain James Cook

British explorer who British explorer who discovered Hawaii discovered Hawaii and brought Hawaii to and brought Hawaii to the attention of other the attention of other nationsnations

Sugar Plantations in HawaiiSugar Plantations in Hawaii

American planters set up American planters set up sugarcane plantations in sugarcane plantations in HawaiiHawaii

American diseases killed American diseases killed many Hawaiiansmany Hawaiians

Planters employed workers Planters employed workers from Japan and China to from Japan and China to work on the sugarcane work on the sugarcane plantationsplantations

Bayonet constitution in HawaiiBayonet constitution in Hawaii

18871887

King Kalakaua of King Kalakaua of Hawaii was forced to Hawaii was forced to sign a constitution sign a constitution which severely which severely restricted his power restricted his power and deprived most and deprived most Hawaiians of the right Hawaiians of the right to voteto vote

Here they go again!

Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

Queen of the Hawaiian Queen of the Hawaiian IslandsIslands

She opposed annexation She opposed annexation of Hawaii by the United of Hawaii by the United States, but lost power in a States, but lost power in a U.S. supported revolt, U.S. supported revolt, which led to the which led to the installation of a new installation of a new government in Hawaii as government in Hawaii as a U.S. territorya U.S. territory

Sanford B. DoleSanford B. Dole

American sugar tycoon American sugar tycoon that became the that became the president of the new president of the new Republic of HawaiiRepublic of Hawaii

Pineapple IndustryPineapple Industry

James Dole, Sanford James Dole, Sanford Dole’s cousin, began Dole’s cousin, began growing pineapples in growing pineapples in Hawaii in 1901. Hawaii in 1901.

By the 1930s Dole By the 1930s Dole supplied 90% of the supplied 90% of the world’s canned world’s canned pineapple.pineapple.

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii

President William President William McKinley favored McKinley favored annexation of Hawaiiannexation of HawaiiCongress narrowly voted Congress narrowly voted to annex Hawaii to annex Hawaii in 1898in 1898Hawaii became an Hawaii became an American territoryAmerican territoryHawaii became the 50Hawaii became the 50thth state in 1959state in 1959In 1993 Congress In 1993 Congress apologized for the U.S. apologized for the U.S. role in overthrowing role in overthrowing Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.

Pan-AmericanismPan-Americanism

The idea that the United The idea that the United States and Latin America States and Latin America should work together to should work together to support peace and support peace and increase tradeincrease trade

Led to the creation of the Led to the creation of the Pan-American Union Pan-American Union which is today called the which is today called the Organization of American Organization of American StatesStates

Alfred T. MahanAlfred T. Mahan

U.S. Navy CaptainU.S. Navy Captain1890 Published the book 1890 Published the book

““The Influence of Sea Power The Influence of Sea Power Upon HistoryUpon History””Argued that the U.S. Argued that the U.S. needed a strong, needed a strong, modernized Navy and modernized Navy and territory for overseas bases territory for overseas bases to compete with other to compete with other powers such as the British powers such as the British and Dutchand Dutch

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

United States Senator United States Senator who pushed for the who pushed for the creation of a new creation of a new modern U.S. Navymodern U.S. Navy

Building a Modern NavyBuilding a Modern Navy

In the 1890s, the In the 1890s, the United States United States modernized its fleet of modernized its fleet of naval warshipsnaval warships

Constructed steel-Constructed steel-hulled ships with hulled ships with steam powered steam powered engines as well as engines as well as sailssails

U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine

One of the U.S. Navy’s One of the U.S. Navy’s first armored battleships first armored battleships and one of the first naval and one of the first naval vessels with electrical vessels with electrical lightinglighting

U.S. Navy took it on a tour U.S. Navy took it on a tour of the world to show off of the world to show off our new naval power and our new naval power and persuade Japan not to persuade Japan not to mess with China. mess with China.

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American WarReading Questions pp. 558-564Reading Questions pp. 558-564

What happened to What happened to the U.S.S. Maine?the U.S.S. Maine?Who was blamed for Who was blamed for that tragedy?that tragedy?Why was there a Why was there a rebellion in Cuba?rebellion in Cuba?How did yellow How did yellow journalism influence journalism influence the U.S. to get the U.S. to get involved in Cuba?involved in Cuba?

Which side did the United Which side did the United States support in the States support in the Spanish-American War?Spanish-American War?

Where were the two fronts Where were the two fronts of the war?of the war?

How prepared was the U.S. How prepared was the U.S. Army?Army?

What three territories did What three territories did the United States obtain the United States obtain after the war?after the war?