american history chapter 18: world war ii: americans at war iii. the holocaust

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American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

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Page 1: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War

III. The Holocaust

Page 2: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Bell Ringer

• Define genocide.

• Besides the holocaust – when else has genocide occurred?

• What are some synonyms of holocaust?

Page 3: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Objectives

• In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s?

• How did Germany's policies toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?

Page 4: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

The Nazis r

Page 5: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Herman Goering

• Head of the police and Gestapo

• Head of the Luftwaffe

Page 6: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Rudolph Hess

• Deputy Fuhrer• Crash landed in

Britain in 1941• Murdered in Spandau

prison in 1989

Page 7: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Heinrich Himmler

• Head of the SS

Page 9: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Joseph Goebbels

• Head of Propaganda

Page 10: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Martin Bormann

• Hitler’s Secretary

Page 11: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Albert Speer

• Minister of the Interior

Page 12: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

A) Setting the Scene

• Aryans are German people

• Semites are Arabs and Jews

10)anti-Semitism: discrimination, hostility, and violence directed at Jews

• Quote 609

Page 13: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

B) Persecution in Germany

• 1933 Hitler makes ant-Semitism the official policy of Germany

11)Holocaust: Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews.

• 6 million Jews – 6 million other

Page 14: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

a) Nazi Policies

• Boycotts of Jew businesses

• Nuremberg Laws took German citizenship

• Jews and non-Jews no marriage

• 1938 lost businesses

• Doctors and lawyers forbidden to work for non-Jews

• Identity cards – Sarah and Israel – letter J on clothing

Page 15: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

b) Hitler’s Police

• SS – Schutzstaffel – “black shirts”

• Gestapo – German secret police

12)Concentration camps: place where political prisoners and “undesirables” are confined. Harsh.

• Communists, Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witness, Gypsies, and homeless

Page 16: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

c) Kristallnacht

• German thugs throughout Germany and Austria looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues

13)Kristallnacht – night of broken glass

• Fined the Jews to pay for damage

Page 17: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

d) Refugees Seek an Escape

• Jews tried to get out of Germany – allowed but most recaptured later

• US did not allow more Jews into country

Page 18: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

C) From Murder to Genocide

• Ghettos – self contained areas surrounded by wall and guards where Jews forced to live

14) Warsaw Ghetto: ghetto in the capital of Poland for Jews

Page 19: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

a) The Einsatzgruppen

• Special action squads/mobile killing squads

• Babi Yar – killed 33,000 Jews in 2 days

15)Wannsee Conference: where the final solution to the Jewish question was created

16)Genocide: deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group

Page 20: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

b) The Death Camps

• Zyklon B poison gas most efficient way to kill people

• 6 camps built in Poland – EZ17) Death Camps – mass murder camps• 2 biggest Auschwitz (1.5 mil) and Majdanek• Young and old killed – rest worked to death• Death chambers disguised as shower rooms• Cruel medical experiments• SS unit – Totenkopfverbande (Death Head Units) man

the camps

Page 21: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

c) Fighting Back

• 1943 uprising at Treblinka death camp closed it for days

• Warsaw Ghetto uprising – Jews received info that they were being killed – 50,000 Jews held out for 27 days

Page 22: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

d) Rescue and Liberation

• US knew about camps by 1942 but did little• Denmark – all 8,000 Jews smuggled out to

Sweden18) War Refugee Board: program that tried to help

save people threatened by the Nazis• US troops stumbled upon camps19) Nuremberg Trials: international military tribune

conducted by the allies that convicted Nazis of War crimes

• “following orders”

Page 23: American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

Review

• In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s

• How did Germany’s polices toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?