american history chapter 18: world war ii: americans at war iii. the holocaust
TRANSCRIPT
American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War
III. The Holocaust
Bell Ringer
• Define genocide.
• Besides the holocaust – when else has genocide occurred?
• What are some synonyms of holocaust?
Objectives
• In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s?
• How did Germany's policies toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?
The Nazis r
Herman Goering
• Head of the police and Gestapo
• Head of the Luftwaffe
Rudolph Hess
• Deputy Fuhrer• Crash landed in
Britain in 1941• Murdered in Spandau
prison in 1989
Heinrich Himmler
• Head of the SS
Ernst Roehm
• Head of SA
Joseph Goebbels
• Head of Propaganda
Martin Bormann
• Hitler’s Secretary
Albert Speer
• Minister of the Interior
A) Setting the Scene
• Aryans are German people
• Semites are Arabs and Jews
10)anti-Semitism: discrimination, hostility, and violence directed at Jews
• Quote 609
B) Persecution in Germany
• 1933 Hitler makes ant-Semitism the official policy of Germany
11)Holocaust: Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews.
• 6 million Jews – 6 million other
a) Nazi Policies
• Boycotts of Jew businesses
• Nuremberg Laws took German citizenship
• Jews and non-Jews no marriage
• 1938 lost businesses
• Doctors and lawyers forbidden to work for non-Jews
• Identity cards – Sarah and Israel – letter J on clothing
b) Hitler’s Police
• SS – Schutzstaffel – “black shirts”
• Gestapo – German secret police
12)Concentration camps: place where political prisoners and “undesirables” are confined. Harsh.
• Communists, Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witness, Gypsies, and homeless
c) Kristallnacht
• German thugs throughout Germany and Austria looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues
13)Kristallnacht – night of broken glass
• Fined the Jews to pay for damage
d) Refugees Seek an Escape
• Jews tried to get out of Germany – allowed but most recaptured later
• US did not allow more Jews into country
C) From Murder to Genocide
• Ghettos – self contained areas surrounded by wall and guards where Jews forced to live
14) Warsaw Ghetto: ghetto in the capital of Poland for Jews
a) The Einsatzgruppen
• Special action squads/mobile killing squads
• Babi Yar – killed 33,000 Jews in 2 days
15)Wannsee Conference: where the final solution to the Jewish question was created
16)Genocide: deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group
b) The Death Camps
• Zyklon B poison gas most efficient way to kill people
• 6 camps built in Poland – EZ17) Death Camps – mass murder camps• 2 biggest Auschwitz (1.5 mil) and Majdanek• Young and old killed – rest worked to death• Death chambers disguised as shower rooms• Cruel medical experiments• SS unit – Totenkopfverbande (Death Head Units) man
the camps
c) Fighting Back
• 1943 uprising at Treblinka death camp closed it for days
• Warsaw Ghetto uprising – Jews received info that they were being killed – 50,000 Jews held out for 27 days
d) Rescue and Liberation
• US knew about camps by 1942 but did little• Denmark – all 8,000 Jews smuggled out to
Sweden18) War Refugee Board: program that tried to help
save people threatened by the Nazis• US troops stumbled upon camps19) Nuremberg Trials: international military tribune
conducted by the allies that convicted Nazis of War crimes
• “following orders”
Review
• In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s
• How did Germany’s polices toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?