American Foreign Policy: American Foreign Policy: Past and PresentPast and Present

Angela BrownAngela Brown

Foreign Policy from Independence Foreign Policy from Independence Through World War IThrough World War I

The The first 150 years first 150 years were characterized by were characterized by the policy of the policy of isolationism.isolationism.

Both Washington and Both Washington and Jefferson warned Jefferson warned against foreign against foreign involvement.involvement.

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War of 1812War of 1812 In June 1812, In June 1812,

President Madison President Madison sent a message urging sent a message urging Congress to declare Congress to declare war against the British.war against the British.

Burning of the White Burning of the White HouseHouse

The Star Spangle The Star Spangle Banner. Fort Banner. Fort McHenry, BaltimoreMcHenry, Baltimore

The British had The British had encouraged the encouraged the Indians to attack Indians to attack American settlers American settlers

They had interfered They had interfered with US shipping.with US shipping.

They had impressed They had impressed our sailors.our sailors.

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine

18231823 President President James Monroe stated James Monroe stated that the United States that the United States expected Europe to expected Europe to stay out of North and stay out of North and South American.South American.

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Continental ExpansionContinental Expansion

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny – – the mission to expand the mission to expand its boundaries across its boundaries across the continent to the the continent to the Pacific Ocean.Pacific Ocean.

The nation expanded, The nation expanded, through war and through war and through purchase, to through purchase, to include all of the include all of the present-day United present-day United States.States.

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ExpansionExpansion

18031803 Jefferson Jefferson negotiated the negotiated the Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase..

1819 purchased 1819 purchased FloridaFlorida from Spain. from Spain.

1845 annexed 1845 annexed TexasTexas 1846 obtained 1846 obtained

Oregon Oregon by treaty with by treaty with Great Britain.Great Britain.

www.thepedia.com/define/louisiana_purchase

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon

More…More…

1846-1848 Mexico 1846-1848 Mexico ceded the ceded the Southwestern quarter Southwestern quarter of the U.S. after the of the U.S. after the Mexican WarMexican War..

1853 1853 Gadsden Gadsden PurchasePurchase provides provides the best rail route to the best rail route to the Pacific. (Arizona the Pacific. (Arizona and New Mexico)and New Mexico)

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Still More…Still More…

1867 “Seward’s Folly” 1867 “Seward’s Folly” purchased Alaska purchased Alaska from Russia.from Russia.

1898 gained the 1898 gained the Philippines, Guam, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico after and Puerto Rico after the Spanish American the Spanish American War.War.

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http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/asiacountries/philipines.html

The United States, a World The United States, a World PowerPower

By 1900 the United By 1900 the United States had become a States had become a colonial power as a colonial power as a result of the Spanish-result of the Spanish-American War.American War.

Cuba became Cuba became independent under independent under U.S. protection.U.S. protection.

1898 annexed 1898 annexed Hawaii.Hawaii.

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The Good Neighbor PolicyThe Good Neighbor Policy

After several decades After several decades of tense relations of tense relations between the United between the United States and Latin States and Latin America, FDR tried to America, FDR tried to improve relations with improve relations with that region.that region.

Monroe Doctrine is Monroe Doctrine is still a vital part of U.S. still a vital part of U.S. foreign policy.foreign policy.

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Panama CanalPanama Canal

1903 Panama 1903 Panama revolted and became revolted and became independent from independent from Columbia with the Columbia with the U.S. blessing.U.S. blessing.

1917 the U.S. 1917 the U.S. purchased the Virgin purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark Islands from Denmark to help guard the to help guard the canal.canal.

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Panama Canal Today

The Open Door in ChinaThe Open Door in China

The The Open Door Policy Open Door Policy of of 18991899 promoted promoted equal trade access to equal trade access to China for all nations.China for all nations.

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Communist ChinaCommunist China

Ties between the U.S. Ties between the U.S. and China were cut and China were cut when communists when communists took control of China took control of China in 1949. (Mao) It was in 1949. (Mao) It was not until 1979 that not until 1979 that diplomatic ties were diplomatic ties were reestablished. (Nixon)reestablished. (Nixon)

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World War IWorld War I

German submarine German submarine attacks on American attacks on American shipping led to shipping led to American involvement American involvement in World War I, but in World War I, but Isolationism was Isolationism was strong after the war.strong after the war.

Defeated the Defeated the Central Central PowersPowers

League of NationsLeague of Nations

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World War IIWorld War II

The Japanese attack The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Pearl Harbor (1941) forced (1941) forced America into World America into World War II and ended this War II and ended this country’s isolationist country’s isolationist tendencies.tendencies.

Defeated Defeated Axis PowersAxis Powers ““arsenal of arsenal of

democracy”democracy”

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Foreign Policy from 1945 to TodayForeign Policy from 1945 to Today

Peace through Peace through Collective Security – Collective Security – The The United NationsUnited Nations was established to was established to forge a world in which forge a world in which future wars would be future wars would be prevented.prevented.

Still depend on Still depend on Collective Security Collective Security with the UN and with the UN and NATO.NATO.

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DeterrenceDeterrence

Deterrence, or peace Deterrence, or peace through strengththrough strength, was , was a central tenet of a central tenet of American foreign American foreign policy after World War policy after World War II.II.

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The Truman Doctrine and The Truman Doctrine and ContainmentContainment

The policy of The policy of containment,containment, expressed in the expressed in the Truman Doctrine, was Truman Doctrine, was that the nation would that the nation would check further Soviet check further Soviet expansion and wait expansion and wait for it to collapse.for it to collapse.

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The Berlin BlockadeThe Berlin Blockade

In In 19481948 the Soviet the Soviet Union tried to Union tried to overtake West Berlin, overtake West Berlin, but the United States but the United States mounted an airlift that mounted an airlift that saved the city. saved the city. (Berlin Airlift)(Berlin Airlift)

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The Korean WarThe Korean War

In 1950 communist In 1950 communist North Korean forces North Korean forces invaded South Korea. invaded South Korea. UN forces entered on UN forces entered on the side of South the side of South Korea, and eventually Korea, and eventually the invasion was the invasion was turned back.turned back.

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The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis

In In 19621962 war was war was narrowly averted narrowly averted when the United when the United States demanded that States demanded that Soviet missiles in Soviet missiles in Cuba be withdrawn.Cuba be withdrawn.

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The War in The War in VietnamVietnam

Between Between 1954 and 1954 and 19681968 the United the United States became States became increasingly involved increasingly involved in the war in Vietnam; in the war in Vietnam; American involvement American involvement ended in 1973 after ended in 1973 after taking over 58,000 taking over 58,000 American lives.American lives.

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Détente and the Return to Détente and the Return to ContainmentContainment

American withdrawal American withdrawal from Vietnam marked from Vietnam marked the beginning of a the beginning of a new American policy new American policy of of détente détente – a – a relaxation of cold war relaxation of cold war tensionstensions..

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Détente with the Détente with the Soviet Union ended in Soviet Union ended in 1979, when the 1979, when the Soviets invaded Soviets invaded afghanistan.afghanistan.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan

Mao Zedong

Brezhnev

The End of the Cold WarThe End of the Cold War

Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev worked to forge worked to forge disarmament disarmament agreements and agreements and made radical changes made radical changes in his country’s in his country’s foreign policy.foreign policy.

The end of the cold The end of the cold war was the war was the realization of the goal realization of the goal of containment.of containment.

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