america: a concise history€¦ · him; and we protest that the deaths and losses which shall...
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Topics
• Week 15
• Review: Renaissance
• Globe Encounters
• Study Guides are online
http://www.professormgvaladez.com/hist-01.html
• PP# 5 Wed
• Final Exam Wed. Dec. 17 8am-10am
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Participation Assignment #5
Due Dec. 10 Wed.
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• What were the crises of the 1300s-1400s?
What is the Renaissance? Why is the
Renaissance a response to these crises?
What are the major cultural changes in the
West brought about by the Renaissance
1350s-1600s?
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Spain 1492
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Columbus’ Voyages
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• Columbus • Columbus lands on San Salvador (Watling Island)
• In 1493, on Columbus 2nd voyage, the first island-town
was called Isabella. It failed completely(1496)
• The first successful settlement took place in Santo
Domingo in 1502.
• 1520s 10,000 Spanish in the Caribbean
• After 1492 increase contact between Europe & the
Americas
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The Columbian Exchange
"Columbian exchange" movement of plants,
food, crops, diseases and people 6
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Andres de Islas, "Four Racial Groups" 8
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The Requirement “But, if you do not do this, and maliciously make delay in it, I certify to
you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter into your
country, and shall make war against you in all ways and manners
that we can, and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of
the Church and of their Highnesses; we shall take you and your
wives and your children, and shall make slaves of them, and as
such shall sell and dispose of them as their Highnesses may
command; and we shall take away your goods, and shall do you
all the mischief and damage that we can, as to vassals who do not
obey, and refuse to receive their lord, and resist and contradict
him; and we protest that the deaths and losses which shall accrue
from this are your fault, and not that of their Highnesses, or ours,
nor of these cavaliers who come with us. And that we have said
this to you and made this Requisition, we request the notary here
present to give us his testimony in writing, and we ask the rest
who are present that they should be witnesses of this Requisition."
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The Requirement 1512
1. What does this document say about
European society and hierarchy?
2. What are the Europeans communicating
to the natives?
3. What are the consequences for not
obeying European demands?
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Portuguese Global Empire
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Jurubacas 17th Century
Interpreter
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Primary Source 1627
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Donatarios
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Map 1.6 The New World-New France and
New Netherland, ca. 1650 18
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Eastern
North
America,
1650
Numerous European
towns and settlements
dotted the Atlantic
coastline by mid-
century, while Indian
populations
disappeared or
dispersed toward the
interior of the continent. .
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English Exploration
• English government no interest in financing colonies:
– Joint-Stock Company
• 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh sponsors colony on Roanoke
Island
– Ireland
– Roanoke Colony: John White
• 1588, defeat of Spanish Armada establishes England as
major Atlantic power
• Roanoke Colony failed
– Croatan
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English Settlements
• In 1607 Virginia Company of London receives charter
from King James I and establish Jamestown
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Jamestown 1607
• In 1607 Virginia Company of London establish
Jamestown
• John Smith leader of colony
– Popularizes the term New England
• Pocahontas marries John Rolfe
– Tobacco cultivation
» Indentured servants
• 1619
– 20 African slaves arrive in Jamestown
– House of Burgesses: local assembly
• 1622 Massacre
– Jamestown policy of extermination
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Protestant Reformation • In 1517 Martin Luther denounces indulgences and
initiates Protestant Reformation, 95 Theses
• John Calvin and his followers emphasize doctrine of
predestination
• European countries divide into rival Protestant and
Catholic camps
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Protestant Reformation
• King Henry VIII proclaims himself head of separate
Church of England (Anglican Church)
– English Calvinists (Puritans)
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Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I used her charm and intelligence to turn England into a major world
power. This portrait, painted around 1588 when Elizabeth was 55 years old, shows the
queen at the (By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the
Bedford Estate)
Armada Portrait
of Elizabeth I
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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New England
• Puritans: dissenters from the Church of
England. They wanted to purify the church.
• Calvin’s Predestination: salvation by the
grace of God
• “Saints” full members
• Queen Elizabeth threatened by Puritans
• Puritans divided into 2 groups
– Non-Separatists
– Separatists
• Pilgrims
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Plymouth Plantation
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Mayflower Compact • IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the
Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c.
Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the
Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant
the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents,
solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant
and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better
Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by
Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws,
Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be
thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto
which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof
we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of
November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England,
France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, Anno
Domini; 1620.
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Mayflower Compact
1620, Mayflower lands 102 English men and women at
Plymouth, Massachusetts
Adult males sign Mayflower Compact establishing colony of
Plymouth Plantation and their own civil government and
pledging to abide by its laws.
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Discussion Questions 1. Why do you think the authors of the Mayflower
Compact began the document with the words
"IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN."?
2. How does this document differ from the Spanish
Requirement? How is it similar?
3. Why would the Pilgrims consider this colony as
an "Advancement of the Christian Faith"?
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New England
John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity" (City
on a Hill)
• “For we must consider that we shall be as a city
upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So
that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work
we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw
His present help from us, we shall be made a story
and a by-word through the world.
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Eastern
North
America,
1650
Numerous European
towns and settlements
dotted the Atlantic
coastline by mid-
century, while Indian
populations
disappeared or
dispersed toward the
interior of the continent. .
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New Amsterdam
New Amsterdam
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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• The Dutch Empire
– Henry Hudson sailed into New York Harbor
(1609).
– The Dutch West India Company settled
colonists on Manhattan Island (1626).
• religious toleration were unique to the Dutch.
• trade with Native Americans for furs
• The Dutch came to trade, not to conquer, and were
determined to treat the Indians more humanely.
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