amendments to the indian constitution.doc

8/14/2019 Amendments to the Indian Constitution.doc

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mportant Articles of the ndian Cons titution:n dian constitution is the largest constitution in thewo rld it contains originally 395 Articles, 22 parts, and 8sched ule. And presen tly it has 8 articles, 22 parts,and !2 schedules." # art !$ Art. ! to art. :% Art.!$ &am e and territory of the union.% Art .2 $ Adm ission and 'sta(lishment of the new state.% Art.3$ )orma tion of new states and a lteration of areas,(oundaries, and nam e of e*ist ing states." # art 2$ Art. 5 to art. !!:% Art .5 $ Cit i+enship at the com mence ment of theconstitution.% Art.$ -ights of citi+enship of certain person w ho haemigrated to ndia from #a/istan.% Art.!0$ continuance o f rights of citi+enship.% Art.!!$ #arliam ent to regulate the right of citi+enship(y law." #a rt 3$ Art.!2 to art.35% Art.!2$ 1efinition of the state% Art.!3 aw s inconsistent w ith or in deroga tion of thefundamental r ights.riginally, constitution proided for 4 (asic fundamentalrights, now there are only si* rights, one -ight toproperty 6A 3! w as deleted from the l ist offundamental r ights (y th amendment act !948. t madea legal r ight 6A 300$A in #art 7 of the constitution.ome important )undamental -ights are as:% -ight to 'u ality: Art. ! to A rt. !8Art.! $ 'uality (efore the law .Art.!5 $ #rohi(ition of discrimination on the groun ds of


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religion, race, caste, se* r plac e of (irth.% Art.!$ 'uality of opportunity in matters of pu(licemployment.% Art.!4$ A(olition of the untou cha( ility.% Art.!8$ A( olition of tit les-ight to )reed om : Art. !9 to art. 22% Art.!9 guarantees to a ll the citi+ens the si* rights a; -ight to freedom of speech and e*pression. (; -ight to assem(le peacefully and without arms. c; -ight to form associations or unions. d; -ight to mo e freely throughout the territory ofndia. e; -ight to reside and settle in any part of theterritory of ndia. f; -ight to practice any profession or to carry on anyoccupation, trade, and (usiness. Art.20$ #rotection in respect of coniction foroffences. Art.2!$#rotection of life and persona l li(erty. Art .22$ #rotection against arrest and detention incertain cases.% -ight against '*p loitation: Art.23 < art. 2 Art. 23$ #rohi(ition of traffic in hum an (eings andforced la(our. Art.2$ #rohi(ition of em ploym ent of children infactories and mines, nde r age of !." -igh t to )reedom of -e ligion: Art.25 to art. 28% Art .25$ )reedom of conscience a nd free professionpractice and propa gation of religion.% Art.2$ )reedo m to ma nage religious affairs.% Art .24$ )reedom as to pay ta*es for promotion of anyparticular religion.


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% Art.28$ )reedo m from attend ing religious instruction." Cultural and 'ducational -ights:Art .29 < art . 30% Art. 29$ #rotection of interest of mino rities.% Art.30$ -ight of minorities to esta(lish and adm inistereducational institutions." A rt .32$ -eme dies for enforcement of )undam ental-ights." #a rt. 1irectie #rincipal of states #olicy: Art 3 toart. 5!% Art.3$ 1e finition% Art.34$ Application of 1# #% Art.39A$ 'ual =ustice and free legal aid% Art.0$ rganisation of illage panchay at% Art.!$ -ight to wor/ , to education , and to pu(licassistance in certain cases% Art.3$ iing >ag es, etc. for >o r/ers.% Art .3A$ #art icipation of w or/ers in manag ement ofindustries.% Art.$ niform ciil code applica( le in ?oa only;.% Art .5$ #roision for free and com pulsory education forchildren.% Art .$ #romotion of educational and econ omicinterest of scheduled castes, @ and C.% Art.4$1uty of the state to raise the leel of nutritionand the standard of l i ing and to improe pu( lic health.% Art.8$rga nisation of agriculture and animalhus(andry.% Art .9$ #rotection of m onuments and places ando(=ects of natural importance.% Art.50$ epa ration of =udiciary from e*ec utie.% Art.5!$ #rom otion of international peace an d security.)undam ental 1uties: #art B$A$ Art 5!A% t contains, originally !0 duties, now it contains !!


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duties (y 8 thamendm ents act 2002.#art .5$ @he nion '*ecutie:% Art.52$ @he #resident of ndia% Art .53$ '*ecutie #ow er of the union.% Art.5$ 'lection of #resident% Art .!$ #rocedure for mpeachm ent of the #resident.% Art.3$ @he Bice$preside nt of ndia.% Art.$ @he B ice$#resident to (e e*$officio chairmanthe counc il of tates.% Art.$'lection of Bice$preside nt.% Art.42$#radoning powers of #resident.% Art.4$ Coun cil of minister to aid and adice # resident.% Art.4$ Attorney$?e neral for ndia.% Art.49$ Cons titution of #arliamen t% Art .80$ Com position of -a=ya a(h a.% Art .8!$ Com position of o/ a(ha.% Art.83$ 1uration of ou ses of #arliamen t.% Art .93$ @he spea/ers and 1eputy pea/ers of thehouse of the people.% Art.!05$ #ow ers, #riileges etc of the o use of#arl iament.% Art.!09$ pe cial procedure in respec ts of money (ills% Art.!!0$ 1efinition of DEo ney illsF.% Art .!!2$ Annual )inancial udge t.% Art.!!$Appropriation ills.% Art .!23$ #ow ers of the # resident to prom ulgaterdinances during recess of parl iament.% Art .!2$ 'sta(lishment of upreme Court.% Art.!25$ alaries of Gudge s.% Art.!2$ App ointme nt of acting Chief =ustice.% Art .!24$ Appointment of ad$hoc =udges.% Art.!28$Attendenc e of retired =udge at sitting of theupreme Court.% Art .!29$ upreme court to (e court of -ecord.% Art .!30$ eat of the u preme cou rt .


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% Art .!3$ pecial leaes for appeal to the uprem eCourt.% Art .!34$ -eiew of =udgements or orders (y theupreme court .% Art .!!$1ecision of the uprem e C ourt (inding on allthe courts.% Art.!8$ Com ptroller and Auditor$ ?en eral of ndia% Art .!9$ 1uties and #ow ers of CA?.% Art.!53$ ?o ernors of tate% Art .!5$ '*ecutie #ow ers of ?o ernor.% Art .!!$ #ardoning pow ers of the ?oernor.% Art.!5$Adocate$?eneral of the tate.% Art .2!3$ #ow er of ?oernor to promulgate ordinances.% Art.2!$ igh Cou rts for states.% Art.2!5$ igh C ourts to (e court of record.% Art.22$ #ow er of igh Courts to issue certain writs.% Art.233$ App ointme nt of 1istrict =udges.% Art.235$ Con trol oer u($ordinate Cou rts.% Art .23A$ ?ram a(ha% Art.23 $ Constitution of #anc hayats% Art .280$ )inance Com mission% Art.300$A$ -ight to property.% Art .30!$)reedom to trade, comm erce, and intercourse.% Art.302$ #ow er of #arliame nt to imp ose restrictions ontrade, comm erce, and intercourse.% Art.3!2$ All$ ndia$erice.% Art .3!5$ #u(lic serice com missionHs for the union andfor the states% Art .320$ )unctions of #u (lic e rice C omm ission.% Art.323A $ Administratie @ri(unals% Art.32$u perintenden ce, direction and control of'lections to (e ested in an ' lection Com mission.% Art .325$ &o person to (e ineligi(le for inclusion in or toclaim to (e include d in a special, electoral roll onground s of religion, race, caste, or se*.% Art .32$ 'lections to the house of the peop le and to


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the legislatie assem (lies of states to (e on the (asisof adult suffrage.% Art .338$ &ational Comm ission for the C, < @ .% Art .30$ Appointment of a com mission to inestigatethe condit ions of (ac/ward classes.% Art.33$ fficial languages o f the nion.% Art.35$ fficial languages o r languages o f a states.% Art .38$ anguages to (e used in the upreme Courtand in the igh Co urts.% Art.35!$1irectie for deelopm ent of the hindilanguages.% Art .352$ #roclamation of em ergency & ational'mergency;.% Art .35$ tate 'm ergency% Art .30$ )inancial 'mergency% Art .3!$ #rotection of #resident and ?o ernors% Art .38$ #ow ers of #arl iaments to am end theconstitution.% Art.340$p ecial proision of G< I.% Art.393$Con stituion of ndia.Amendments to the Indian Constitution

Here is a list of all amendments to the Indian Constitution.

Amendments are very frequently asked in Civil Services Exam by UPSC and other exams

AmendmentsDate of

EnforcementObjectives

1st amendment June 18, 1951 To fully secure the constitutionalvalidity of zamindari abolition laws.To place reasonable restriction onfreedom of speech.

A new constitutional device, calledchedule 9 introduced to protect lawsthat are contrary to the!onstitutionally "uaranteed


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fundamental ri"hts.These laws encroach upon propertyri"hts, freedom of speech and e#uality

before law

$nd amendment %ay 1, 195&A technical amendment to fi' the sizeof each parliamentary constituencybetween (5),))) and 85),))) voters.

&rd amendment *ebruary $$, 1955

+imits ma'imum no of seats in loabha up to 5)) tates to be divided

into constituencies such that onemember of a constituency representsbetween 5))))) and -5)))) people

th amendment April $-, 1955/estrictions on property ri"hts andinclusion of related bills in chedule 9of the constitution

5th amendment0ecember $,

1955

rovides for a consultation mechanismwith concerned states in mattersrelatin" to the amendments to theterritorial matters and in the re2namin"of the state

(th amendmenteptember 11,

195(Amended the 3nion and tate +istswith respect to raisin" of ta'es

-th amendment 4ovember 1, 195(

/eor"anization of states on lin"uisticlines Abolition of !lass A, , !, 0states6ntroduction of 3nion Territories

8th amendment January 5, 19()

!larify state7s power of compulsoryac#uisition and re#uisitionin" of privateproperty 6nclude amindari abolitionlaws in chedule 9 of the constitution


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9th amendment0ecember $8,

19()

%inor adustments to territory of6ndian 3nion conse#uent to a"reementwith aistan for settlement ofdisputes by demarcation of border

villa"es, etc.

1)thamendment

Au"ust 11, 19(16ncorporation of 0adra, 4a"ar and:aveli as a 3nion Territory afterac#uisition from ortu"al

11thamendment

0ecember 19,19(1

;lection of


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6ndian /epublic and prescribe thevarious obli"atory templates

1-thamendment

June $), 19(

To secure the constitutional validity ofac#uisition of ;states and place landac#uisition laws in chedule 9 of theconstitution

18thamendment

Au"ust $-, 19((

Technical Amendment to include 3nionTerritories in Article & and hencepermit reor"anisation of 3nionTerritories

19thamendment

0ecember 11,19((

Abolish ;lection Tribunals and enabletrial of election petitions by re"ular:i"h !ourts

$)thamendment

0ecember $$,19((

6ndemnify ? validate ud"ments,decrees, orders and sentences passedby ud"es.


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amendmentfundamental ri"hts throu"hamendments to the constitution

$5thamendment

April $), 19-$/estrict property ri"hts andcompensation in case the state taesover private property

$(thamendment

0ecember $8,19-1

Abolition of privy purse paid to formerrulers of princely states which wereincorporated into the 6ndian /epublic

$-thamendment

*ebruary 15, 19-$/eor"anization of %izoram into a 3nionTerritory with a le"islature and councilof ministers

$8thamendment

Au"ust $9, 19-$

/ationalized !ivil ervice rules to maeit uniform across those appointed priorto 6ndependence and postindependence

$9thamendment

June 9, 19-$laces land reform acts andamendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

&)thamendment

*ebruary $-, 19-&

!han"es the basis for appeals inupreme !ourt of 6ndia in case of !iviluits from value criteria to oneinvolvin" substantial #uestion of law

&1thamendment

>ctober 1-, 19-&

6ncreased size of arliament from 5$5to 55 seats.6ncreased seats went to the new statesformed in 4orth ;ast 6ndia and minoradustment conse#uent to 19-10elimitation e'ercise

&$ndamendment

July 1, 19-rotection of re"ional ri"hts inTelan"ana and Andhra re"ions of tate

of Andhra radesh


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&&rdamendment

%ay 19, 19-

rescribes procedure for resi"nation bymembers of parliament and statele"islatures. rescribes procedure forverification and acceptance of

resi"nation by house speaer

&thamendment

eptember -,19-

lace land reform acts andamendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

&5thamendment

%arch 1, 19-5Terms and !onditions for the6ncorporation of iim into the 3nion

of 6ndia

&(thamendment

April $(, 19-5*ormation of iim as a tate withinthe 6ndian 3nion

&-thamendment

%ay &, 19-5*ormation of Arunachal radeshle"islative assembly

&8thamendment

Au"ust 1, 19-5 ;nhances the powers of resident and=overnors to pass ordinances

&9thamendment

Au"ust 1), 19-5

4e"ated the ud"ement of Allahabad:i"h !ourt invalidatin" rime %inister6ndira =andhi7s election to parliament.Amendment placed restrictions onudicial scrutiny of post of rime%inister

)thamendment

%ay $-, 19-(

;nable arliament to mae laws withrespect to ;'clusive ;conomic oneand vest the mineral wealth with 3nionof 6ndia.lace land reform ? other acts andamendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

1thamendment

eptember -,19-(

/aised /etirement A"e +imit of!hairmen and %embers of 3nion and


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tate ublic !ommissions from si'ty tosi'ty two.

$ndamendment

April 1, 19--

Amendment passed durin" internalemer"ency by 6ndira =andhi.rovides for curtailment offundamental ri"hts, imposesfundamental duties and chan"es to thebasic structure of the constitution bymain" 6ndia a ocialist ecular/epublic

&rdamendment

April 1&, 19-8

Amendment passed after revocation ofinternal emer"ency in the !ountry./epeals some of the more 7Anti2*reedom7 amendments enactedthrou"h Amendment ill $

th

amendment

eptember (,

19-9

Amendment passed after revocation ofinternal emer"ency in the !ountry.rovides for human ri"hts safe"uardsand mechanisms to prevent abuse of

e'ecutive and le"islative authority.Annuls some Amendments enacted inAmendment ill $

5thamendment

January $5, 198)

;'tend reservation for ! @ T andnomination of An"lo 6ndian members inarliament and tate Assemblies foranother ten years i.e. up to 199)

(thamendment

*ebruary $, 198&Amendment to ne"ate udicialpronouncements on scope andapplicability on ales Ta'

-thamendment

Au"ust $(, 198lace land reform acts andamendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

8thamendment

April 1, 1985 Article &5( amended to permitresident7s rule up to two years in the


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state of unab

9thamendment

eptember 11,198

/eco"nize Tripura as a Tribal tate and

enable the creation of a Tripura TribalAreas Autonomous 0istrict !ouncil

5)thamendment

eptember 11,198

Technical Amendment to curtailment of*undamental /i"hts as per art 666 asprescribed in Article && to coverecurity ersonnel protectin" propertyand communication infrastructure

51thamendment

June 1(, 198(

rovide reservation to cheduledTribes in 4a"aland, %e"halaya,%izoram and Arunachal radesh+e"islative Assemblies

5$ndamendment

%arch 1, 1985

Anti 0efection +aw 2 rovidedis#ualification of members fromparliament and assembly in case ofdefection from one party to other

5&rdamendment

*ebruary $), 198-pecial provision with respect to thetate of %izoram.

5thamendment

April 1, 198(

6ncrease the salary of !hief Justice of6ndia ? other Jud"esrovisions for determinin" futureincreases without the need forconstitutional amendment

55thamendment

*ebruary $), 198-pecial powers to =overnorconse#uent to formation of state ofArunachal radesh

5(thamendment

%ay &), 198-Transition provision to enableformation of state of =oa

5-th eptember $1, rovide reservation to cheduled


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amendment 198-Tribes in 4a"aland, %e"halaya,%izoram and Arunachal radesh+e"islative Assemblies

58thamendment

0ecember 9, 198-

rovision to publish authentic :inditranslation of constitutionrovision to publish authentic :inditranslation of future amendments

59th

amendment %arch &), 1988

Article &5( amended to permitresident7s rule up to three years inthe state of unab

Articles &5$ and Article &59A amendedto permit imposin" emer"ency in stateof unab or in specific districts of thestate of unab

()thamendment

0ecember $),1988

rofessional Ta' increased from ama'imum of /s. $5)@2 to a ma'imumof /s. $5))@2

(1thamendment

%arch $8, 1989 /educe a"e for votin" ri"hts from $1 to18

($ndamendment

0ecember $),1989

;'tend reservation for ! @ T andnomination of An"lo 6ndian members inarliament and tate Assemblies foranother ten years i.e. up to $)))

(&rdamendment

January (, 199);mer"ency powers applicable to tateof unab, accorded in Article &59A asper amendment 59 repealed

(thamendment

April 1(, 199)Article &5( amended to permitresident7s rule up to three years andsi' months in the state of unab

(5th

amendment

%arch 1$, 199$ 4ational !ommission for cheduled

!astes and cheduled Tribes formedand its statutory powers specified in


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The !onstitution.

((thamendment June -, 199)

lace land reform acts and

amendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

(-thamendment

>ctober , 199)Article &5( amended to permitresident7s rule up to four years in thestate of unab

(8th

amendment%arch 1$, 1991

Article &5( amended to permitresident7s rule up to five years in thestate of unab

(9thamendment

*ebruary 1, 199$

To provide for a le"islative assemblyand council of ministers for *ederal4ational !apital of 0elhi. 0elhicontinues to be a 3nion Territory

-)thamendment

0ecember $1,1991

6nclude 4ational !apital of 0elhi and

3nion Territory of ondicherry inelectoral colle"e for residential;lection

-1thamendment

Au"ust &1, 199$6nclude Bonani, %anipuri and 4epalias 4ational +an"ua"es

-$nd

amendment

0ecember 5, 199$rovide reservation to cheduledTribes in Tripura tate +e"islative

Assembly

-&rdamendment

April $, 199&tatutory provisions for anchayat /aas third level of administration invilla"es

-thamendment

June 1, 199& tatutory provisions for +ocalAdministrative bodies as third level of

administration in urban areas such as


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towns and cities

-5th

amendment%ay 15, 199

rovisions for settin" up /ent !ontrol

Tribunals

-(thamendment

Au"ust &1, 199

;nable continuance of (9C reservationin Tamil 4adu by includin" the relevantTamil 4adu Act under 9th chedule ofthe constitution

--th

amendmentJune 1-, 1995

A technical amendment to protectreservation to !@T ;mployees inpromotions

-8thamendment

Au"ust &), 1995lace land reform acts andamendments to these act underchedule 9 of the constitution

-9th

amendmentJanuary $5, $)))

;'tend reservation for ! @ T andnomination of An"lo 6ndian members in

arliament and tate Assemblies foranother ten years i.e. up to $)1)

8)thamendment

June 9, $)))

6mplement Tenth *inance !ommissionrecommendation to simplify the ta'structures by poolin" and sharin" allta'es between states and The !entre

81th

amendment June 9, $)))

rotect ! @ T reservation in fillin"

baclo" of vacancies

8$ndamendment

eptember 8,$)))

ermit rela'ation of #ualifyin" marsand other criteria in reservation inpromotion for ! @ T candidates

8&rdamendment

eptember 8,$)))

;'empt Arunachal radesh fromreservation for cheduled !astes in

anchayati /a institutions


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8thamendment

*ebruary $1, $))$;'tend the usa"e of 19-1 nationalcensus population fi"ures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

85thamendment

January , $))$A technical amendment to protectseniority in case of promotions of!@T ;mployees

8(thamendment

0ecember 1$,$))$rovides /i"ht to ;ducation until thea"e of fourteen and ;arly childhoodcare until the a"e of si'

8-thamendment

June $$, $))&;'tend the usa"e of 19-1 nationalcensus population fi"ures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

88thamendment

January 15, $))To e'tend statutory cover for levy andutilization of ervice Ta'

89thamendment

eptember $8,$))&

The 4ational !ommission for

cheduled !astes and cheduledTribes was bifurcated into The 4ational!ommission for cheduled !astes andThe 4ational !ommission forcheduled Tribes

9)thamendment

eptember $8,$))&

/eservation in Assam Assemblyrelatin" to odoland Territory Area

91thamendment

January 1, $))/estrict the size of council of ministersto 15 C of le"islative members ? tostren"then Anti 0efection laws

9$ndamendment

January -, $));nable +evy of ervice Ta'6nclude odo, 0o"ri, antali and%aithili as 4ational +an"ua"es

9&rdamendment January $), $))( To enable provision of reservation forother bacward classes D>..!.E in


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"overnment as well as privateeducational institutions

9thamendment

June 1$, $))(To provide for a %inister of TribalFelfare in newly created Jharhandand !hhattis"arh tates

95thamendment

! "anuary #$#

;'tended the reservation of seats in+o abha and tate Assemblies for !and T from si'ty to seventy years

9(thamendment % Se&tember #$$ Substituted '(dia' for '(riya'

9-thamendment

$ "anuary #$

Added the )ords 'or co*o&erative societies' in Article$+,l-,c- and inserted article %/ i.e0 Promotion of Co*o&erative Societies and added Part*I1/ i.e0 2HE C(*(PE3A2I4E S(CIE2IES

Amendments Made Under 42nd

Constitutional Amendment ActContributed by C.5. 4erma

2he nd Constitutional Amendment Act ,$+67- brou8ht a number of chan8es in the Constitution. 2he Act inter*

alia 8ave &re&onderance to the 9irective Princi&les of State Policy over the :undamental 3i8hts. Established the

su&remacy of Parliament and curtailed the &o)ers of "udiciary. 2he Act )as first of its kind. Is )as the most

com&rehensive Act and touched almost all the sensitive areas of the Constitution. 2he Amendment )as meant to

enhance enormously the stren8th of the ;overnment.

'2he ma


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"udiciary ? 2he nd Ammendment Act inserted Article %A in order to deny the Su&reme Court the &o)er to

consider the Constitutional validity of a State la). Another ne) &rovision. Article $%$A0 8ave the Su&reme Court

and exclusive

amendments to the indian constitution.doc

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