amazing world of carbon

8/3/2019 AMAZING WORLD OF CARBON

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. n t e an s.

1. The organic compounds having double or triple

bond in them are termed as _______(unsaturated)

2. The general formula of alkanes is _____________.

3. _____________ are known as parent organic

compounds. (hydrocarbons)

4. Covalent compounds are generally soluble in

____________ solvents. (organic)

5. Triple bond can be obtained by sharing

____________ pairs or ________ electrons. (three,

shared)

6. Hydrocarbons necessarily contain _____________

and ______________. (hydrogen, carbon)


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Q2. Give the IUPAC name of the

following compounds.

1. CH3

CH2

CH2

OHCH

ANS. 1 - Propanol

2. HCOOHAns. Methanoic acid


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Q3. Write short notes on

1. Catenation

1. The property of direct bonding between atomsof the same element to form chain is called

catenation.

2. Carbon atoms possess an unusual capability ofbonding to other carbon atoms.

3. Because of this feature, carbon atoms are

capable of forming large number of compounds.

4. Carbon can link with other carbon atoms to

form straight chains or branched chains or rings of

different shapes and sizes.


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1. The atom or group of atoms present in the molecule

which determines characteristic property of organic

compound is called the functional group.2. All organic compounds are considered as

derivatives of hydrocarbons, it is formed by replacing one

or more hydrogen atom in a molecule by some otheratom.

3. In methane CH4, if one hydrogen is replaced by an

OH group, then compound methyl alcohol. CH3.OH isformed. The OH group is the alcoholic functional group.

4. After replacement, a new compound has functions

i.e. properties different from the parent hydrocarbon.


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Homologous series.

Ans. Homologous series organic compounds :

1. Organic compounds having same general molecular

formula, similar structure with similar chemical properties

are placed together in the same series are called homolog

and series of such similar compounds is called homologous

series.

2. The formula of each homolog differs from the

member above or below it by one CH2group.

3. The molecular mass of every two adjacent members

differ by 14. (C = 12; H = 1, CH2= 14)

For example homologous series of alkane : General formula

: CnH2n + 2


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Differentiate between: Detergents and soaps

Detergents Soaps

i. Detergents are generally

ammonium or sulphonate salts of

long chain carboxylic acids.

ii. Detergents have a strongcleansing action.

iii. Oils or fats are not used in

their manufacture; usually

petrochemicals are used toproduce detergents.

iv. They function well in hard

or soft water.

i. Soaps are sodium or

potassium salts of long chain

carboxylic acids.

ii. Soaps have relatively weakcleansing action.

iii. Vegetable oils or animal fats

are used along with hydroxide of

sodium or potassium tomanufacture soaps.

iv. They do not work well in

hard water but work well in soft

water.


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1. Draw chain and ring structures of organic compound

having six carbon atoms in them.

Ans. a) chain structure C6H14(Hexane)


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- 6 12(cyclohexane)


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Which organic compounds are named

as Alkanol in IUPAC system?

Ans. In IUPAC method, alcohols arenamed as AlKanol. In naming the

alcholols by IUPAC method the last e

of the parent alkane is replaced by ol to

indicate the presence of OH group.


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Explain: What do you understand by substitution

reaction?

i. Reaction where substitution of one or more

atoms in a molecule for another atom takes place are

called substitution reactions. Saturated hydrocarbons

undergo substitution reaction.ii.In Substitution reaction one or more hydrogen atom of a

hydrocarbon are replaced by some other atom (like

chlorine)iii. Ex: Substitution reaction of methane with chlorine.

Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to

form methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride.


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a e an exp a n ow a anes are ur er c ass e


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. a e an exp a n ow a anes are ur er c ass e .

Ans. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds.

Alkanes are further classified as:

i. Straight chain alkanes: The alkanes in which allthe carbon atoms are attached by covalent bonds in a

continuous chain are called straight chain alkanes or normal

alkanes Eg. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 is normal butane or n butane.

ii. Branched chain alkanes: - The alkanes in which

all the carbon atoms are not in a continuous chain and some of

them are linked to other carbon atoms to make the branch arecalled branched chain alkanes.

a. The alkanes, in which there is only one carbon chain

attached to the second carbon atom of the long chain are called

iso alkanes Eg.


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The alkanes, in which there are two single carbon

branches, attached the second carbon atom of the longchain are called neo alkanes. Eg.


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What are alkynes? Name the first

member of alkyne family.

Ans. Hydrocarbons containing triple

bonds between carbon atoms are

alkynes. The first member of alkyne

family is ethyne or acetylene [HC=CH]

amazing world of carbon

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