am b sediment a rios
TRANSCRIPT
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Sedimentary Rocks:Environments of Deposition and
Stratigraphic Correlation
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Environments of Deposition
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Continental
shelf
Continentalslope
Shallowmarine
Deepmarine
Submarine
volcanoes
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Conglomerate deposited as an alluvial
fan, Cretaceous of Utah
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Particles are large and
irregular, and consist of
a variety of lithologies,
including the least
resistant.
Particles are mid-sized
and of intermediate
sphericity, and include
resistant and nonresistant
lithologies.
Particles are small and
nearly spherical, and
consist mainly of the
most resistant lithologies,
such as quartz.
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Sideling Hill Outcrop, I-68, Hancock,
Maryland
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6_28FloodplainMeanderingriver channel
Lake
River bank
(a)
Floodplain facies:Fine-grained shalesand organic
deposits
Lake (lacustrine)facies:Thinly bedded,extremely fine-grained
shales
Riverbank and channel facies:Cross-bedded, coarse-grainedchannel sandstone andconglomerate
Older sedimentarystrata showingchanging
faciesrelationships (b)
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Black Shale, Anoxic Environment
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Red Beds, Oxygenated Environment
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Cross bedsformed by
underwatersand dunes
Master Bedding
CrossBedding
Master Bedding
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Sand waves on the sea floor formed
by underwater sand dunes,
Florida Keys
Current Direction
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Facies changes produced byMarine Transgression
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River Direction of migration
of shoreline, and landward
shift of sedimentary facies
Shoreline attime B
Shoreline attime A
Time B
Time ASea levelrising
Depositedat time A
Deposited
at time B
Shallowmarine
BeachRiver
Deepmarine
Deepmarine
Shallow
marine
Beach
Shallow
marine
Comparison of sediments deposited
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Transitional Environments: Tidal
Inlets, Marshes, and Lagoons
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Transitional Environments: Tidal Inletsbetween Barrier Islands
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Transitional Environments: a Barrier
Island
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Transitional Environments: a
prograding Spit on a Barrier Island
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Stratigraphic Correlation
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The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River
in Arizona
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Stratigraphic
correlation
between GrandCanyon, Zion,
and Bryce
Canyon national
parks allows
construction of a
composite
stratigraphic
column.
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Stratigraphic
correlation
between GrandCanyon, Zion,
and Bryce
Canyon national
parks allows
construction of a
composite
stratigraphic
column.
Top of Kaibab Ls.
Top of Navaho Ss.
Grand Canyon, Zion Canyon, Bryce Canyon
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Jurassic Navaho Sandstone, Zion National
Park, wind-blown cross-bedding.
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Bryce Canyon, Utah, Cretaceous sedimentary rocks
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Correlation Determination of the equivalence of
bodies of rock at different locations.There are two kinds of correlation:
Lithostratigraphic - matching upcontinuous formations.
Chronostratigraphic - matching uprocks of the same age. Usually done
with fossils using biostratigraphy.
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Correlation Over short distances lithostratigraphic
correlation is the same aschronostratigraphic correlation.
Over medium distances they are notthe same.
Over long distances onlychronostratigraphic correlation can be
used.
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Original Lateral Continuity: permits
lithostratigraphic correlation
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Barrier islands in the subsurface
Time Lines
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SimpleLithostratigraphic
Correlation
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Detailed lithostratigraphic correlation of the Cambrian strata of the
Grand Canyon. Note the facies interfingering. (Stanley, Fig. 6.5)
Zone of middle
Cambrian trilobites
C b i f h G d C N h i li f
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Cambrian strata of the Grand Canyon: Note the two time lines from
biostratigraphy. (Stanley, Fig. 6.6)
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Depositional Model for the Cambrian strata of the
Grand Canyon: Tapeats Ss., Bright Angel Sh., and
Muav Ls. (Stanley, Fig. 6.6)