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1

Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike(by-nc-sa)

(http://www.thelandfoundation.org/)

11 2551

(race to the bottom)

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2

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3

UN

(Integrated development)

Community Base in Natural Resource Management (CBNRM)

(direct pay)

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4

4

Ecotourism

Northern plains

1990

9

3

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5

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6

2006-2007

7000 50

60-80%

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7

5

communal land

1860-1870 12

CommunalArea Management Program For Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE)

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12,000 CAMPFIRE

/

World Wildlife Fund

CAMPFIRE 80% 20%

1993 1.4 26

250,000

World Bank IMF

. 95

2

2

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World Bank

World Bank 20,000

40

40

2001

Home sale

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10

3

74% 100%

15%

(Credit Union)

top-down approach .. 2517

3

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OTOP

( .

) 1

500 1

(

)

.. 2532

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Social safety

Net

20,000 50,000

20%

300%

( 20,000

)

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13

:

:

CAMPFIRE

:

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14

:

: CAMPFIRE

:

5-6 World Wildlife Fund

4

8

:

:

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15

. . .

10%

:

:

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16

:

:

CAMPFIRE

500 500,000

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17

:

:

100

:

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18

:

:

:

Story of Stuff

The Natural

Capitalism

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19

:

:

()

:

:

:

:

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: