alternative feeds research at national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa)
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Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Ronald Johnson Marine Aquaculture Program Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Seattle, WA, USA. World Fisheries -Capture vs. Aquaculture. Rising demand for fishmeal. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
Ronald Johnson
Marine Aquaculture ProgramNorthwest Fisheries Science Center
NOAA FisheriesSeattle, WA, USA
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World Fisheries -Capture vs. Aquaculture
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Rising demand for fishmeal
• World demand for seafood is increasing.• Aquaculture can meet demand.
• Worldwide aquaculture use- 2008*• Fish meal, 3.7 mmt, 61% of world
supply• Fish oil, 0.7 mmt, 74% of world supply
*Source: Tacon A G J, Hasan M R, Metian M (2011) Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 564. Rome, FAO. 87pp.
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Rising cost of fishmeal
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Goals• Alternative feed
ingredients• cost effective• maintain fish
growth• Maintain human
health benefits• Low environmental
impact
NOAA/ USDA Alternative Feeds Initiative
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Triple Bottom Line Approach
Feeds for Healthy Sustainable Aquaculture
Human Health
Economic
Environment
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Fishmeal vs. soybean meal prices
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Change is already taking place
Torrissen et. al. 2011
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Plant proteins and oils-advantages
• Economic• Low cost• Biotechnology can keep costs down and improve
nutrient composition• Largest quantity of proteins and oils
• Environmental• Low trophic level; primary producers• Co-product provides use of waste material for
another industry (e.g., starch)• Sequesters CO2 on the earth
• Human healthPhyto-chemicals
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Plant proteins and oils-disadvantages
• Economical• Nutritionally incomplete• Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs)• Amino acids and dipeptides
• Met, Lys, Tau• Anti-nutritional factors• High in carbohydrates
• Environmental• Issues associated with increased agriculture
• Human Health• Naturally low in n-3HUFAs
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Byproducts of ethanol production -advantages• Economic
• Low cost• Use of carbohydrate fraction for ethanol production
may increase availability of the protein and bring costs down
• Environmental• Co-product provides use of waste material from
another industry• Sequesters CO2
• Human healthPhyto-chemicals
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Byproducts of ethanol production -disadvantages• Economical
• Nutritionally incomplete• Quality of protein sometimes low due to ethanol
production process• Lipid competes with biodiesel
• Environmental• Issues associated with increased agriculture
• Human health• May have contamination loads from farming
practices or processing for fuels• Naturally low in n-3 HUFAs
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Animal byproducts -advantages
• Economic• Well utilized by a variety of fish species• Meals are often similar to fishmeal in nutrient
composition • Increases revenue to animal processing• Lower cost?
• Environmental• Recycles animal processing wastes back to fish
• Human health• May be a source of CLA
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Animal byproducts -disadvantages
• Economical• Public concerns over BSE have resulted in
restrictions on use in feeds• Environmental
• Issues associated with animal production• Human health
• Some markets do not allow terrestrial animal proteins
• BSE issue is unclear• Low in n-3 HUFAs and high in saturated fats
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Fish byproducts -advantages
• Economic• High palatability• Easy to replace fish meal and oil with high quality
meal• Environmental
• Uses waste which is now discarded• Reduces nutrient pollution
• Human health• High in n-3 HUFAs and other nutrients
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Fish byproducts-disadvantages
• Economical• Expensive to capture fish• Located in small quantities from diverse sources• Highly perishable until dried
• Environmental• No serious issues
• Human health• May have the same contaminants as conventional
fish meal and oil
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Other potential alternatives
• Algae products• Krill• Insect products• Single cell protein• Marine invertebrates• Invasive fish species
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Northwest Fisheries Science Center
Seattle, WA, USA
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Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSC
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Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSC
• Whitefish meal• Pollock bone meal• Salmon processing
• Head meal• Frame and trim meal
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Northwest Fisheries Science CenterManchester, WA, USA
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Going forward-Alternative feeds research at NWFSC• Fishmeal replacement
• Fisheries byproducts meals• Plant meals
• Taurine • Pollock bone meal
• Fish oil replacement• Viscera oils• Specialty oils
• Finishing feeds • Pacific salmon• Pre-harvest feeds intervals
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Thank you