Alternative Energy: A Closer look at Hybrid Energy Systems using

wind and solar sources.EGR466: Winter 2008

Keon Atkins Jacob Henderson Shanda Stanley

Faculty Advisor: Dr. Quamrul Mazumder

Overview

Why is there a demand for alternative energy?

What is a hybrid energy system? Why is a hybrid energy system a viable

alternative to traditional energy sources?

Introduction

The demand for alternative energy sources is increasing each year due to need for clean and renewable sources of energy.

Hybrid energy systems are ideal for outdoor and/or remote area applications.

Background

The power of the wind has been harnessed for a least a thousand years. Earliest uses were to sail the seas, pump water, and grind grain.

The use of wind turbines to produce power is not a new idea but the large scale use is.

Solar power can also be traced back thousands of years. Earliest uses were for cooking.

Background (cont.)

A hybrid energy system is a system that consist of two or more alternative energy sources (ex: solar and wind).

Hybrid energy systems are growing in popularity due to the reliability of stand alone solar or wind power sources.

Thermoelectric refrigeration is useful because it is ideal for outdoor/remote area applications. Since refrigeration is need worldwide it is important that areas that are off the grid or underdeveloped have access to refrigeration for storage of food and medicines.

Objective

Asked to design a device using an alternative energy source (ex: wind, water, solar)

The system must be designed, manufactured, and tested by April 21st, 2008.

The budget for the project is $500. Which includes designing, testing, parts/supplies, and manufacturing.

Project Description

A hybrid energy system using wind and solar sources to produce power to a thermoelectric refrigerator and radio is designed, manufactured, and tested.

This system is ideal for outdoor/remote are applications.

Current Work

Determining if a hybrid system made up of solar and wind sources it more efficient that stand alone solar and wind sources.

Is thermoelectric refrigeration viable for outdoor/remote area applications?

Project ScheduleTask Name

1/6 1/13 1/20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 2/24 3/2 3/9 3/16 3/23 3/30 4/6 4/13 4/20 4/27

1/21

2/22

2/22

3/10

3/30

4/7

3/23

4/6

4/21

4/21Finalizing

Cleaning up design& Preliminary testing &

Finalizing Paper

Further Testing and paper & Presentation

finalization

Turbine Manufacturing and

application

Introduction

Purchasing Umbrella and applying solar

panels

Purchasing Base Materials

Base Manufacturing

Pruchasing turbine materials

Detailed Drawing &

Assembly Drawing

Ordering Solar Panel

January February March April

BaselineActual

Project Schedule - EGR 466 Team Members: Shanda Stanley, Keon Atkins, Jake Henderson

CostDescription Supplier Quantity Estimated Cost Actual Cost Notes

Uni-Solar 5 Watt Flexible Solar Panals-Electric Beam SolarHome.org 2 $200.00 $164.03CPU Cooler AMD CEL (761345770521) Staples 1 $15.00 $22.24Screws (030699212927) Home Depot 1pack $5.00 $4.472x4-96 Stud Home Depot 2 $5.00 $3.98Paint Set Family Dollar 1 $10.00 $7.49 Possible Return ItemRoller CVR Family Dollar 1 $3.00 $2.09 Possible Return Item104- 5/8 Stud Home Depot 1 $2.00 $2.182x4-10 HT WW Home Depot 3 $10.00 $8.311/4 2x4 MDF Home Depot 8 $20.00 $31.84Hinge Home Depot 3 $8.00 $6.871oz Epoxy Home Depot 3 $0.00 $8.914 Coarse DW Home Depot 1 $4.00 $4.74Krazy Glue Home Depot 1 $1.00 $1.97Sup V-Seal Walmart 2 $0.00 $8.00GS BIG GAP Walmart 1 $0.00 $4.44Pinge Hinge2.5 Walmart 2 $0.00 $3.94Coner Brace(003861311305) Walmart 2 $0.00 $3.142U Battery Complete Auto 1 $0.00 $15.002U Radio Audio Complete Auto 1 $0.00 $35.00Wire Connectors Home Depot 2 $0.00 $3.98Snipes(037103189837) Home Depot 1 $0.00 $15.971OCTDSPLTXGL(662909011305) Home Depot 1 $0.00 $1.98Plasticbaggds Home Depot 3 $0.00 $2.94ACA 5/16 FLCTWSHG Home Depot 1 $0.00 $0.15Sheet Metal Home Depot 2 $0.00 $39.943/8 HEXNUTGAL Home Depot 1 $0.00 $0.175/16 HEXNUTGAL Home Depot 1 $0.00 $0.15Corner Brace Home Depot 4 $0.00 $10.57PSSAP AL10 Home Depot 1 $0.00 $3.972IN * 2FT Home Depot 1 $0.00 $2.18BULK BLADE Home Depot 1 $0.00 $4.962" * 11/2" 11/4" Connector Lowe's 1 $0.00 $3.48Vent Pipe Home Depot 1 $0.00 $4.00Barrel Bolt Home Depot 1 $0.00 $2.39cpvc red cpl Home Depot 1 $0.00 $0.32Thrded Rod Home Depot 1 $0.00 $1.47Cutting Boards Walmart 3 $0.00 $27.0045.6W TEC Thermoelectric Cooler Peltier 12V,10pcs sureelectronics 1 $0.00 $48.9920/2 Bell Wire Twisted Lowe's 1 $0.00 $4.80Other Misc All $0.00 $10.00Total $283.00 $528.05

Budget $500.00Actual $528.05Remaining -$28.05

Cost Sheet

Component Drawings

Assembly Drawings

Analysis (Hand Calculations)

M = (200 lbf)(3 ft) = 600 ft – lb R = - F = - (-200 lbf)V = 200 lbfI = 1/12 bh3 = 1/12 *(36*363) - 1/12 *(33*333) = 41141.25 in3σ = Mc/I = (600 ft – lb)(12in)(18 in)/ 41141.25 in3 = 3.15 psi

τ = VQ/IB = 200 lbf (36*36)(17.25) / (1.5*41141.25 ) = 72.45 psiσ1, σ2 = (σx + σy / 2) ± √(σx - σy / 2) + τxy

= 1.575 ± 72.47= 74.04 , -70.89 psi

σ’= √ σx2 - σxσy + σy2 + 3τxy2 = 162.937 psi

Analysis (FEA)

Analysis (FEA)

Results

With direct light the solar panels produce an average of 19.26 V. The average current is 5.86 mA.

After twenty four hours the average voltage is 13.4. The average current is 0.9mA.

The current output for the turbine was 0.003mA. The wind turbine did not perform as desired and will be discussed in the future improvements section.

Overall the performance was great and this system could be a viable alternative energy option.

Summary and Conclusion

The overall performance of the hybrid renewable energy system was as expected. We were able to determine that this system would be a viable source of power production for outdoor and remote area applications. Due to time constraints some additional alterations could not be made to the wind turbine in order to get optimal performance. If time were available for further alterations the size of the stepper motor used should have been increased. Further improvements that should be made are in the portability of the entire system and materials used to construct the thermoelectric refrigerator.

Future Improvements

Increase the size of the stepper motor used for the wind turbine.

Select a different plastic for the thermoelectric refrigerator.

Make the entire system more portable. This could be accomplished by using a durable lightweight plastic and decreasing the size of the base.

For the thermoelectric refrigerator the use of more CPU coolers would increase the refrigerators cooling ability.

Sources [1] Dai, Y.J, Wang, R.Z , and Ni, L. Experimental investigation on a thermoelectric

refrigerator driven by solar cells. Volume 28, Issue 6, May 2003, p 949-59. [2] Hinrichs, Roger A. Energy: Its Use and The Environment.Saunders College

Publishing,1996 p 20-27 ISBN: 0-03-005868-6 [3] Deshumkh, M.K and S.S. Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems. 31 July 2006,

p 236. [4] Pasqualetti, Martin J. Wind Energy: Obstacles and Opportunities. Volume 46 Number 7,

January 2004, p 24-38. [5] M.F. Qureshi,, J.K. Gabel, C.S. Khande, I.C. Bhart. Application of hybrid system

control method for real-time power system stabilization. 18 June 2007 , p 1-19. [6] Gipe, Paul. Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business.

Vermont;Chelsea Green Publishing,2004 p 13-54 ISBN: 1-931498-14-8 [7] S. Diaf,_, D. Diaf, M. Belhamel, M. Haddadi, A. Louche. A methodology for optimal

sizing of autonomous hybrid PV/wind system. 25 June 2007, p 1-11. [8] Barnham. Keith W. J., Energy from Solar Cells. Retrieved 11 February 2008 From http://www.jstor.org

[10] Blaabjerg,Frede, Boldea,Ion, Popa-Mihet, Lucian. Wind Turbine Generator Modeling and Simulation Where Rotational Speed is the Controlled Variable.Volume 40 Number 1, January/February 2004, p 3-10.Future,Say Scientists, Science Daily. Retrieved 11 February 2008, From http://www.sciencedaily.com

Questions ?

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