alt. use of animals
TRANSCRIPT
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ALTERNATE USE OF
ANIMALS
. By - Agnivesh Sharma ,2010V01B
REPLACEMENTOFANIMALS
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What are the alternatives?
Reduction
Refinement
Replacement
Rehabilitation
Responsibility
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THE 3 Rs Replacement:-refers to the preferred use of non-
animal methods over animal methods whenever it
is possible to achieve the same scientific aim.
Reduction:-refers to methods that enableresearchers to obtain comparable levels of
information from fewer animals, or to obtain moreinformation from the same number of animals.
Refinement:-refers to methods that minimizepotential pain, suffering or distress, and enhance
animal welfare .
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MODEL FROG TO DEMONSTRATE
DISSECTION
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REPLACEMENT
Replacementmeans replacing 'higher'animals with 'lower' animals.Microorganisms, plants, eggs, reptiles,amphibians, and invertebrates may be usedin some studies to replace warm-bloodedanimals.
Alternately, live animals may be replacedwith non-animal models, such as dummiesfor an introduction to dissection .
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REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES (3)
Absolute replacement: No need to use animals(cell lines, human or invertebrate cells andtissues) no need to test for skin irritation if pH 11.5 no need to test for eye irritation if the
chemical is a skin irritant
Relative replacement: Humane killing of animalsto provide cells or tissues for in vitrostudies
Partial replacement: e.g. use of non-animal
methods as prescreens in toxicity testing
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REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES
Direct replacement: e.g. human or guinea pig skin isused in vitroto replace guinea pig tests in vivo
Indirect replacement: e.g. Limulusamoebocyte lysate(LAL) test or a test based on whole human blood is used to
replace rabbit pyrogen tests
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REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES
Efficient use of existing information
Insilicomethods (computer simulations,
mathematical models) Invitromethods: isolated organs
tissue slices
tissue cultures
cell culturessubcellular fractions
Lower organisms
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CURRENT USE OF
REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES
Safety testing of chemicals
Local toxicity Genotoxicity
Screening tests
Quality control and potency testing ofvaccines
Production of monoclonal antibodies
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ALTERNATIVES IN TESTING
1 (Scanning Techniques)
MRI(Magnatic resonance imaging)-Human
scans obtained with this technique
AUTOPSY - Help in carry out biomedical
research
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This form of testing has established itself as one ofthe successful alternative to the use of animals, invivo.
Few of the important areas where cell culture canreplace animal experimentation are tests conductedfor chemical absorption by skin, phytotoxicity, skincorrosion, etc.
Cell Culture
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One of the alternatives to animal testing is the use ofcomputer simulation, which is increasingly becoming aviable alternative to animal testing.
Crash test dummies/computer operated mannequinsare used for the computer simulation tests. Suchcomputer operated mannequins are installed with internalsensors. The use of pigs for crash testing has beenreplaced by these dummies.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
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Well-known/common instances of human-based testing are
found in areas like pyrogenicity, skinirritation, etc. Thepyrogens which affect immune system cells are responsible for
conditions like fever and inflammation. Instead of making use ofanimal cells, the human donated cells are used as an
alternative.
Human-based Testing
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,
one of the alternatives to animal testing is
used in finding medicines for skin irritation;
the test which is used in Canada replacesanimal testing by human volunteers without
inflicting any side-effects on their health.
The skin patch test
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ALTERNATIVES IN EDUCATION
3-D MODELS & MECHANICAL SIMULATORS
FILM & INTERACTIVE VIDEO
COMPUTER SIMULATION & VIRTUAL
REALITY
MATERIALS FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSE &FISHERIES
IN-VITRO STUDIES ON CELL LINES
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RESUSCI DOG Resusci-Dog, a plastic mannequin linked to a
computer,
can simulate an arterial pulse, and pressure can beapplied to its rib cage for cardiac massage orcardiopulmonary resuscitation
Resusci-Dog has replaced
about 100 dogs per year in the training of veterinarystudents at the New York State College
of Veterinary Medicine.
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How can we progress towards fullreplacement, full 3R?
Build more complex in vitro systems (3D
Models ,bioreactors, artificial organs)
Understand how chemicals disturb biologicalpathways and
how this disturbance is transmitted throughthe system
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Thanks for your attention
Please save theAnimals
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