alors, c’est fini! et maintenant?. machine upgrade in stages push lhc performance without new...
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Alors, c’est fini!Et maintenant?
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Machine Upgrade in Stages
• Push LHC performance without new hardware– luminosity →2.3x1034 cm-2s-1, Eb=7→7.54 TeV
• LHC IR upgrade – replace low- quadrupoles after ~7 years
peak luminosity →4.6x1034 cm-2s-1
• LHC injector upgrade– peak luminosity →9.2x1034 cm-2s-1
• LHC energy upgrade– Eb→13 – 21 TeV (15 → 24 T dipole magnets)
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Indicative Physics Reach
Approximate mass reach machines: s = 14 TeV, L=1034 (LHC) : up to 6.5 TeV s = 14 TeV, L=1035 (SLHC) : up to 8 TeV s = 28 TeV, L=1034 : up to 10 TeV
Units are TeV (except WLWL reach) Ldt correspond to 1 year of running at nominal luminosity for 1 experiment
† indirect reach (from precision measurements)
Ellis, Gianotti, ADRhep-ex/0112004+ updates
PROCESS
LHC
14TeV
100 fb-1
SLHC
14TeV
1000 fb-1
SLHC
28TeV
100 fb-1
LinCol
0.8 TeV
500 fb-1
LinCol
5 TeV
100 fb-1
Squarks 2.5 3 4 0.4 2.5
WLWL 2σ 4σ 4.5σ
Z’ 5 6 8 8† 8†
Extra Dim (δ=2) 9 12 15 5 - 8.5† 30 - 55†
q* 6.5 7.5 9.5 0.8 5
Λcomp 30 40 40 100 400
TGC (λγ) 0.0014 0.0006 0.0008 0.0004 0.00008
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ILC as N’th Generation e+e- Collider
2010 …
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Precision Physics at the Terascale
• Elementary particles
• Well-defined
– energy
– angular momentum
• Uses full CoM energy
• Produces particles democratically
• Can mostly fully reconstruct events
• Need to know what energy is interesting
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LHC ILC
Higgs Event Topology
e+ e– → Z H Z → e+ e–, H → b b
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H
ttHWbWbbbljjbbbb
Bkg.
ATLAS
ILC ( e+e-→HZ production )
Typical numbers
Tagging efficiency~ 30-50 %
S/N > 130fb-1
500fb-1
LHC & ILC Higgs Signals
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Mh = 120 GeV
• The ILC can measure the spin of any “Higgs” produced
• Measure the energy dependence of the production cross section from threshold
What Kind of “Higgs” is it ?
Measure the quantum numbers. The Higgs is a scalar
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Precision Measurement of Higgs Couplings
i im v
SM
“Beyond SM”
ILC Precision
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SUSY and Dark Matter
Dark Matter favored regions in cMSSM parameter space
LSP neutralino mass and precision on relic density at LCC1
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ILC Reference Design
12
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• Basic element of the technology is a nine-cell 1.3 GHz niobium cavity.
• Approximately 160 of these cavities have been fabricated by industry as part of R&D program at DESY.
A Primary Cost Driver for ILC -- Superconducting RF Technology
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Theoretical Limitation on Accelerating Field accE
pH pE
• Type II Superconductor can support a magnetic field before quench.
• Formerly optimized to control field emission. Cf. TESLA
• New surface treatments stop field emission from being limitation.
• Allow optimization of for highest .
p accE E
pH
p accH E
accE
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2 2
2T CM RF Cryplant Cryoop Beampower
Total cost = Tunnel(1 Eacc )+Cryomodul(1 Eacc )+RF(Eacc)+Cryoplant(Eacc ) Cryo-Operation(Eacc ) Beampower(const)
1 =[C +C ] C Eacc + [C C ] Eacc C
Eacc
ILC500 Gradient dependence with tunnel length and cost
20 25 30 35 40 45 5020
25
30
35
40
45
50
ILC500 LT=500E3/(0.7*Eacc)+7
Fill factor=0.7, BDS=7km
Eacc [MV/m]
TESLA
ILC BC
ILC AC(acteptance)
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.1
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.2
Rela
tive C
ost
Eacc [MV/m]
TESLA
ILC BC
ILC AC (acceptance)
Why Aim for Higher Gradient ?
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ICHIRO Cavity
Goal : 51 MV/m
.
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• Light Chemical Polishing (CP) HF(46%) : HNO3(60%) : H3PO4(85%) 1 :1 : 1 in volume
• CP for 1 minute at 25 OC.
• Removal thickness = 10 μm.
• Prepare smooth surface before EP.
• Annealing/Degassing in furnace
750 OC for 3 hours
• Degassing of hydrogen important.
• Temperature and time optimized for cavity softness and cost.
Light Chemical Polishing Annealing - Degassing
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Tests @ TRIUMF
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