alkenes, alkynes pt 3
DESCRIPTION
All thanks to Sir Roldan M. de Guia for sharing his ppt :)TRANSCRIPT
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Alkenes: OxidationOzonolysis
Dihydroxylation with OsO4
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Alkenes: OxidationHydroboration oxidation
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Alkenes: OxidationCold, alkaline KMnO4
acidic KMnO4
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Polymerization of Alkenes• Polymers are large molecules that
contain a large number of repeating units of a small molecule (monomer).
• Biopolymers are typically synthesized by organisms.
• Synthetic Polymers are made in organic laboratories.
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Polymerization of AlkenesAlkenes can be used as a monomeric unit
to form chain-growth polymers
styrene
n
polystyrene
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Polymerization of Alkenes
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Polymerization of AlkenesFor the polymerization, electrophilic addition reactions can be used.
BF3 F3B
In the initiation step an electrophile (BF3) adds to the alkene to form a carbocation intermediate.
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Polymerization of Alkenes
F3B+
F3B
Subsequent propagation steps grow the polymer until all monomers are consumed.
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Polymerization of AlkenesTermination can also be accomplished by adding a nucleophile.
F3B
n
Nu
F3B
Nu
n
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Polymerization of AlkenesAn alternative way to initiate polymerization is starting with a radical initiator.
RO ORD
(hn) 2 ROradicals
RORO
R RR
The radical adds onto the alkene to form a new radical. Propagation is accomplished via subsequent radical additions.
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PREPARATION OF ALKENES-ELIMINATION REACTION
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Preparation of Alkenes• -Elimination Reactions• Dehydrogenation of alkanes• Dehydration of alcohols• Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
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Dehydrogenation of Alkanes
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Dehydration of Alcohols
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Zaitsev’s Rule
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Dehydrohalogenation of RX
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CONJUGATED DIENESADDITION & DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS
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Reaction of Conjugated Dienes• undergo two-step electrophilic addition
reactios just as do simple alkenes• 1,2 & 1,4-addition
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Reaction of Conjugated Dienes
CH2 CH CH CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3
Less Substituted Double Bond(Secondary carbocation)
More Substituted Double Bond(Primary carbocation)
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+
Diels-Alder Reaction: Cycloaddition
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REACTION OF ALKYNESADDITION, OXYDATION, & ACIDITY OF TERMINAL ALKYNES
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Reactivity of Alkynes
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Hydrohalogenation
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Hydrohalogenation
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Halogenation
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Hydration
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Hydration of Alkyne & Tautomerism
Draw the ENOL tautomers of the following ketones:
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Catalytic Reduction
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Oxidation
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Acidity of Terminal Alkynes
H C C H + NH2 H C C + H3N
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Acidity of Terminal Alkynes
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-FIN-