Episode :EARTH ALKALINE

CeniaaIneezz Hunii Amii

General Introduction

Hello, I am a group of metals that lies in

group IIA. My friends call me Earth

Alkaline. I am consist of Beryllium,

Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium,

Barium, Radium.

It is difficult for some people to

remember what metals involved me. So,

people created donkey bridge system

for easily memorizing :

Bebek Mangan Cacing Seret

Banget RasaneBemo Mogok Carena Sering

Bayar Ragu-ragu

Bety Megang Cabe Saru Banget

Raisin

I am so famous

• Paparazzi : Hello, why people calling you earth alkaline metal???

• Me : Xie xie, Firstly, I am called metal because I have some metal characteristics such glossy or shiny solid type. I also have good capability in transferring heat and electricity

I am so famous

• Paparazzi : Then, what do you mean by alkaline?

• Me : Another Xie xie. I am alkaline because I have alkaline characters when I react with my acid and base friends.

I am so famous

• Paparazzi : Okeeh, can you explain the “earth” terms??

• Me : The terms “earth” is used by the chemical experts because of some reasons. My oxidize is hard to be solute in water, beside I am easy to be found on the earth crust’s rocks

Name by Name

• Beryllium comes from Greece “beryllos” means mineral

• Magnesium comes from “Magnesia”, town in Greece• Calcium comes from Latin “calx/calcis” means lime• Strontium comes from word “Strontian”, town in

Scotland• Barium comes from Greece “barys” means heavy /

solid • Radium comes from Latin “radius” means light / ray

Where do you can find me???Unsure Earth Crust Percentage Naturally

Beryllium - Beryl mineral and crysoberyl

Magnesium 7th mostly found (1.9 %) MgCl2 compound in the water sea

Calcium 5th mostly found (3.4 %) Carbonate, phosphate, sulphate compound

Strontium 0.03 % Selestite and strontianite mineral

Barium 0.04 % Baritine and Witerite mineral

Radium 0.33 ppm Pitchlende (Uranium ore)

Beryllium

Radium Barium

StrontiumCalcium

Magnesium

BerylliumSymbol: Be Atomic Number: 4 Atomic Mass: 9.012182 Melting Point: 1278.0 °C Boiling Point: 2970.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 4 Number of Neutrons: 5 Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Density @ 293 K: 1.8477 g/cm3 Color: gray

Date of Discovery: 1798 Discoverer: Fredrich Wohler

Number of Energy Levels: 2First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 2

Beryllium

MagnesiumSymbol: Mg Atomic Number: 12 Atomic Mass: 24.305 Melting Point: 650.0 °C Boiling Point: 1107.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 12 Number of Neutrons: 12 Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3 Color: grayishDate of Discovery: 1808 Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy

Number of Energy Levels: 3First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 2

Magnesium

Calcium

Symbol: Ca Atomic Number: 20 Atomic Mass: 40.078 Melting Point: 839.0 °C Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 20 Number of Neutrons: 20 Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3 Color: Silvery

Date of Discovery: 1808

Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy

Number of Energy Levels: 4First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 8 Fourth Energy Level: 2

Calcium

Strontium

Symbol: Sr Atomic Number: 38 Atomic Mass: 87.62 Melting Point: 769.0 °C Boiling Point: 1384.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 38 Number of Neutrons: 50 Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 2.54 g/cm3 Color: yellowishDate of Discovery: 1790 Discoverer: A. Crawford

Number of Energy Levels: 5First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 8 Fifth Energy Level: 2

Strontium

BariumSymbol: Ba Atomic Number: 56 Atomic Mass: 137.327 Melting Point: 725.0 °C Boiling Point: 1140.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 56 Number of Neutrons: 81 Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 3.51 g/cm3 Color: SilverDate of Discovery: 1808 Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy

Number of Energy Levels: 6First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 18 Fifth Energy Level: 8 Sixth Energy Level: 2

Barium

Radium

Symbol: Ra Atomic Number: 88 Atomic Mass: (226.0) Melting Point: 700.0 °C Boiling Point: 1737.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 88 Number of Neutrons: 138 Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 5.0 g/cm3 Color: silverish

Date of Discovery: 1898

Discoverer: Pierre and Marie Curie

Number of Energy Levels: 7First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 32 Fifth Energy Level: 18 Sixth Energy Level: 8 Seventh Energy Level: 2

Radium

My Physical Characteristics

Atomic Characteristics

Generally & Physically

What’s increasing & What’s decreasing

My Physical Characteristics

In the room temperature, earth alkaline metals are in solid type. Mostly are white metallic colored, but quickly turn in to dark when contact with air and water.

My Physical Characteristics

Element Metal’s radius(pm)

Ionic radius (pm)

1st Ionisation energy (kJ/mol)

2nd Ionisation energy kJ/mol)

Electronegativity

Oxidation number

Berilium 110 27 900 1757 1.5 +2

Magnesium 160 72 738 1451 1.2 +2

Calsium 200 100 590 1145 1.0 +2

Stronsium 220 113 550 1064 1.0 +2

Barium 220 136 503 965 0.7 +2

Radium - 162 509 978 0.9 +2

Alkaline earth metal’s atomic characteristics

My Physical Characteristics

• Increasing atomic radius from Beryllium to Barium

• Decreasing ionization energy from Beryllium to Radium

• Decreasing electro negativity from Beryllium to Radium

• Maximum oxidation number equal with +2

My Physical Characteristics

Element Density (kg/m3)

Hardness (Mohs)

Melting point (ºC)

Boiling point (ºC)

Hfus (kJ/mol)

Hv (kJ/mol) Heat conductivity

Electroconductivity

Be 1850 5.5 1278 2970 12.2 292 2 0.313

Mg 1740 2.5 649 1107 8.95 127 1.56 0.226

Ca 1540 1.75 839 1484 8.54 154 2.0 0.298

Sr 2620 1.5 769 1384 8.30 144 0.353 0.076

Ba 3510 1.25 725 1643 7.75 142 0.184 0.030

Ra 5000 - 700 1140 - - 0.186 -

Alkaline earth metal’s physical characteristics

My Physical Characteristics

• The increasing of density from Be to Ra.• The decreasing of hardness from Be to Ra.• The decreasing of melting point and Hfus from

Be to Ra.• The decreasing of boiling point and Hv from Be

to Ra.• The decreasing of electroconductivity and

heatconductivity from Be to Ra.

My Chemical Characteristics

ElementsElectron

ConfigurasiBerilium [He] 2s2

Magnesium [Ne] 3s2

Kalsium [Ar] 4s2

Stronsium [Kr] 5s2

Barium [Xe] 6s2

Radium [Rn] 7s2

• Every atomic of alkali earth metal has 2 electron valence on sub skin s (the outest)

• Alkali earth metal are reactive if the value of ionization is low

• Reactivity of alkali earth metal increase from Be to Ra

Compound Solubility

• The compound of alkali earth metal has small solubility. It is caused by the bigger charge of ion, and also the ionic bound

• The example of alkali earth metal that easy to solute are Nitrate (NO3) and Chloride (Cl-)

I like to make a relationship with….

• My reaction with water• My reaction with oxygen• My reaction with nitrogen• My reaction with halogen • My reaction with hydrogen

Me & Water

• FormulaM + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2

Resulting hydroxide compound

Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

Mg + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2

Me & O2

• Formula :2M + O2 2MO

M + O2 MO2

Resulting oxide and superoxide compound

2Be + O2 2BeO

Ra + O2 RaO2

Me & Nitrogen

• Formula :3M + N2 M3N2

Resulting Nitride compound

3Mg + N2 Mg3N2

3Ba + N2 Ba3N2

Me & Halogen

• Formula :M + X2 MX2

Resulting halide compound

Be + Cl2 BeCl2

Ca + F2 CaF2

Me & Hydrogen

• Formula :M + H2 MH2

Resulting Hydride compound

Mg + H2 MgH2

Extraction process of Earth Alkaline

Reduction Method– Reduction BeF2 by Mg

BeF2 + Mg MgF2 + Be

– Reduction CaO by Al

6CaO + 2Al 3Ca + Ca3Al2O6

Electrolysis Method– Electrolysis of BeCl2 molten

Cathode : Be2+ + 2e BeAnode : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

Application of Earth Alkaline Metal

Beryllium

• When it combines with other metal, it will create stronger but lighter metal combination

• 17 times better than aluminum for transmitting X ray

• Fire flameless designed

Magnesium• Neutralizes the mouth acid and preventing

from damaging teeth• Neutralizes the stomach acid• Giving the bright white beam in Fireworks • Layering the firebox

Calcium

• Most important unsure for teeth and bones. Calcium was mostly found in the milk

Strontium• Tube glass production for the colored TV and

computer

Barium

• Giving the bright green color in fireworks• Examining the digestion system in our body

Radium

• Radium is used to produce “bright in the dark” paint

• Cancer therapy in medical science

HARD WATER

• The Meaning Of Hard Water• The Kinds Of Hard Water• The Advantages Of Hard Water• The Disadvantages Of Hard• The Way To Disappear The Hardness

Water

HARD WATER

>>> Water that contains many calsium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+), and also anion like Cl-, SO4

2-, HCO3- .

The Kinds Of Hard Water

Hard Water

Temporary Hardness Permanent Hardness

The hardness that losebecause the heating.

It’s caused by hydrogencarbonat salts, like

Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2

The hardness that not losewith the heating of water.It’s caused by calsium saltand magnesium salt,like

calsium sulfate (CaSO4) andmagnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

The Advantages Of Hard Water

The Advantages

Provide calsium that need by the body,for the example to form bone and tooth

Have the vlafor that more deliciousthan soft water

Timbel compound (from water pipe) isharder to solute in hard water. Timbel

is toxin for body

The Disadvantages Of Hard Water

The Disadvantages

Wastefull uses of soap

Scum can leave the stain inthe clothes

Form the corral on kettle andwater pipe / radiator pipe

The Way to Clear The Hardness

METHOD EXPLANATION

Distilation It’s relative expensive

Boiling Can disappear temporaray hardness. At high

temperature, Ca(HCO3)2 will loose in order to ion Ca2+ will precipitate as CaCO3

Add natrium carbonate or washing soda

Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) that added to hard water that contain of Ca(HCO3)2 can precipitate ion Ca2+ became CaCO3

Use soft water substance

Natrium Heksametafosfat / Na2[Na4(PO3)6] can use to change ion Ca2+ and Mg2+ become complecs ion that easy to solute in order to can’t join with stearat ion from the soap

Use resinchanger ion

The function is to tie all of anion and cation in hard water. There are 2 kinds of resin :>Cation Resin Changer : contain negative group that tie H+ ion>Anion Resin Changer : contain positive group that tie OH+ ion

Uwis ahKesel jee

Sing meh takon ngadeg !!!