Presenta(onTopicAgilesignatory:AlistairCockburn

(pronouncedCo-burn)

Presenter:AbdulRahimKhurram

Presenta(onOutline•  AgileandAgileOverview•  AboutAlistairCockburn•  AlistairCockburn‘sCareer•  ListofBookswriGenbyAlistairCockburn•  Selectedpublica(ons•  Achievements•  WhyheisinAgileManifestoSignatories•  Whatisthe“Crystalmethodology”?•  HowIsavedAgileandtheRestoftheWorld

Thefulllistofauthorsandsignatories,inalphabe(calorderbylastname,isthis:

1.  KentBeck2.  MikeBeedle3.  ArievanBennekum4.  AlistairCockburn5.  WardCunningham6.  Mar(nFowler7.  JamesGrenning8.  JimHighsmith9.  AndrewHunt10.  RonJeffries11.  JonKern12.  BrianMarick13.  RobertC.Mar(n14.  SteveMellor15.  KenSchwaber16.  JeffSutherland17.  DaveThomas

AlistairCockburn(pronouncedCo-burn,theSco8shway)

AlistairCockburnName:AlistairCockburn(pronouncedCo-burn,theScobshway)Born:19November1953Educa(ons:CockburnobtainedhisdegreeincomputerscienceattheCaseWesternReserveUniversity.In2003hereceivedhisPhDdegreefromtheUniversityofOslo.Contribu(oninAgile:•  Crystalfamily•  helpingwritetheAgileDevelopmentManifestoOthers•  describingSoewaredevelopmentasaCoopera(veGame•  crea(ngtheoathofnon-allegiance•  definingUseCases•  fordevelopingtheini(alresponsetechniquerelaxa(on/massageform.

•  AlistairCockburn(pronouncedCo-burn,theScobshway)isanAmericancomputerscien(st,knownasoneoftheini(atorsoftheagilemovementinsoewaredevelopment.

•  Dr.Cockburn(pronouncedCo-burn,theScobshway)isaninterna(onallyrenownedprojectwitchdoctorandITstrategist.

•  AlistairCockburn,founderofHumansandTechnology,isknownforhisextensiveinterviewsofprojectteams.Theseinterviews,togetherwithhisac(vepar(cipa(ononliveprojects,formthebasisforhismethodologydesigns:lightbutsufficient,andself-evolving.

•  Alistair'sworkinthe1990sgrewintotheCrystalfamilyofagilemethodologies.•  AlistairandJimHighsmitharenowworkingtogethertoevolveCrystalandthe

Adap(veideasintorecommenda(onsforcrea(ngagilesoewaredevelopmentecosystems,themee(ngofgenericmethodologywithaprojectteam'sspecificsitua(on.

•  AlistairandJimareco-sponsoringtheAgileSoewareDevelopmentbookseriestopublishtechniquesforpersonalgrowthandexamplesofagilemethodologiesthathavebeenusedsuccessfully.

Career

•  Cockburnstartedhiscareerinthefieldofcommunica(ontechnologyandOO-SoewaredevelopmentatIBMoperatesfrom1984to1991.

•  HethenmovedintoanadvisoryroleatIBM,inpar(cularthemethodsofOOsoewaredevelopment.From1994,"HumansandTechnology"inSaltLakeCity.

otherthanagile

helikestotravel,dance,dive,orsitunderwater.

BookswriGenbyAlistairCockburn

1.  Wri(ngEffec(veUseCases1stEdi(on2.  AgileSoewareDevelopment:TheCoopera(ve

Game(2ndEdi(on)2ndEdi(on3.  AgileSoewareDevelopment4.  SurvivingObject-OrientedProjects1stEdi(on5.  CrystalClear:AHuman-PoweredMethodology

forSmallTeams:AHuman-PoweredMethodologyforSmallTeams1stEdi(on

Selectedpublica=ons1.  SurvivingObject-OrientedProjects,AlistairCockburn,1stedi(on,December,

1997,Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-201-49834-0.2.  Wri(ngEffec(veUseCases,AlistairCockburn,1stedi(on,January,2000,

Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-201-70225-8.3.  AgileSoewareDevelopment,AlistairCockburn,1stedi(on,December2001,

Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-201-69969-9.4.  PaGernsforEffec(veUseCases,SteveAdolph,PaulBramble,withAlistair

Cockburn,AndyPolscontributors,August2002,Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-201-72184-8.

5.  PeopleandMethodologiesinSoewareDevelopment,AlistairCockburn,February2003,D.Ph.disserta(on,UniversityofOsloPress[1]

6.  CrystalClear:AHuman-PoweredMethodologyforSmallTeams,AlistairCockburn,October2004,Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-201-69947-8.

7.  AgileSoewareDevelopment:TheCoopera(veGame,AlistairCockburn,2ndedi(on,October2006,Addison-WesleyProfessional,ISBN0-321-48275-1,ISBN978-0-321-48275-4.

Achievements

•  Dr.AlistairCockburn(pronouncedCō-burn)wasvotedoneofthe“All-TimeTop150i-TechnologyHeroes”forhisworkincrea(ngandsteeringAgilesoewaredevelopment.

•  ThreeofhisbookshavewonJoltawardsandbeenlistedin“TheTop100BestSoewareBooksofAllTime”.Heconsistentlyreceiveshighra(ngsforhispresenta(onsandcourses.

WhatisJoltAwards???•  Dr.Dobb'srecognizesthebestbooksofthelast12monthsviatheJoltAwards—

ourcycleofproductawardsgivenouteverytwomonthsineachofsixcategories.Nocategorygetsmoreentrantsthanbooks,andthisyearwasnoexcep(onwithmorethan30nomineessubmiGedbypublishers,vendors,readers,andtheJoltjudgesthemselves.TheawardcoversallbookspublishedduringthetwelvemonthsendingJune30thofthisyear.

•  TheJoltjudgesdidanini(altriagethatreducedthefieldtoareadablenumberofentrants.Then,therefollowedasecondpassinwhichthetopbookswereselectedandranked—aeerlongdelibera(onandconsiderablediscussion.Asalways,thebestbookoftheyearreceivestheJoltAward;thetworunnersupeachreceiveaJoltProduc(vityaward;andtheremainingthreebooksareawardedJoltFinaliststatus.Reviewsofthesesixvolumesareincludedinthisar(cle.

•  ThejudgesforthiscategorywereAndrewBinstock,JonathanHarley,GastónHillar,DavidMulcihy,LarryO'Brien,GaryPollice,RolandRacko,MikeRiley,andGigiSayfan.Giventhemanynomineesandthelargenumberofjudges,youcanhavehighconfidencethattheawardwinnersrepresenttheverybestofthebookspublishedinthe12-monthawardperiod.

WhyheisinAgileManifestoSignatories

•  CockburnhelpedwritetheManifestoforAgileSoewareDevelopmentin2001,theagilePMDeclara(onofInterdependencein2005,andco-foundedtheInterna(onalConsor(umforAgilein2009(withAhmedSidkyandAshRofail).Heisaprincipalexpositoroftheusecasefordocumen(ngbusinessprocessesandbehavioralrequirementsforsoeware,andinventoroftheCockburnScaleforcategorizingsoewareprojects.

•  Heco-authoredtheManifestoforAgileSoewareDevelopmentandthe“Declara(onofInterdependence,”createdthefirstAgileSoewareDevelopmentConference,co-foundedtheAgileProjectLeadershipNetwork,servedontheboardoftheAgileAlliance,designedtheCrystalfamilyofagilemethodologies,andco-foundedtheInterna(onalConsor(umforAgile.

•  ThemethodologiesintheCrystalfamily(e.g.,CrystalClear),describedbyAlistairCockburn,areconsideredexamplesoflightweightmethodology.TheCrystalfamilyiscolour-codedtosignifythe"weight"ofmethodologyneeded.Thus,alargeprojectwhichhasconsequencesthatinvolverisktohumanlifewouldusetheCrystalSapphireorCrystalDiamondmethods.AsmallprojectmightuseCrystalClear,CrystalYelloworCrystalOrange.

Whatisthe“Crystalmethodology”?

•  IntroducedbyAlistairCockburn,CrystalMethods,whichisa

collec(onofAgilesoewaredevelopmentapproaches,focusesprimarilyonpeopleandtheinterac(onamongthemwhiletheyworkonasoewaredevelopmentproject.Thereisalsoafocusonbusiness-cri(calityandbusiness-priorityofthesystemunderdevelopment.Unliketradi(onaldevelopmentmethods,Crystaldoesn’tfixthetoolsandtechniquesofdevelopment,butkeepspeopleandprocessesatthecoreofthedevelopmentprocess.However,itisnotonlythepeopleortheprocessesthatareimportant,rathertheinterac(onbetweenthetwothatismostimportant.

•  InCockburn’swords,“Crystalisafamilyofhuman-powered,adap(ve,ultralight,‘stretch-to-fit’soewaredevelopmentmethodologies.”

whatdoes“human-powered,adap(ve,ultralight,‘stretch-to-fit’”mean?

•  Crystalis“human-powered”—Thismeansthatpeoplearethemostimportantaspectof

Crystal,andalltheprocessesandtoolsarerela(vetothem.Crystalbelievesthatsoewaredevelopmentisessen(allyahumanac(vity,sopeopleinvolvedinthisac(vityarevitalwhiletheprocessesshouldbemodelledtomeettherequirementsoftheteam,nottheotherwayaround.Crystalemphasizesthatdevelopmentteamsareself-sufficientandself-organizing,sotheyarecapableofstreamliningtheprocessesasthedevelopmentprocessprogressesandbecomemoreorganizedandcompetent.

•  Crystalis“adap(ve”—Firstofall,itshouldberememberedthatCrystalisnotasetofprescribedtoolsandtechniquesforsoewaredevelopment;rather,itisanapproach.So,theprocessesandtoolsarenotfixed,buthavetobeadjustedtotherequirementsandcharacteris(csoftheproject.Inotherwords,Crystalisa“stretch-to-fit”methodology,becauseeachprojectisuniqueandrequiremethodsthatsuitthebusinessrequirementsandthatsa(sfythetechnicalrequirementsoftheproject.

•  Crystalis“ultralight”—Crystalisknownasa“lightweightmethodology.”ThisisbecauseCrystaldoesn’tadvocatetoomuchdocumenta(on,overheadmanagementandrepor(ng.Instead,itbelievesinkeepingthingslightandfocusingondevelopingbusiness-valuedandfunc(onalsoeware.Forthis,teamsfollowingtheCrystalapproachworktowardenhancingfreeandopencommunica(onamongteammembersaswellasestablishingtransparentflowofinforma(onbetweendevelopersandstakeholders.

HowdoesCrystaloperate?•  Asstatedabove,Crystalisnotasetofprescribeddevelopmenttoolsandmethods,

butafamilyofvariousdevelopmentapproaches.Atthebeginningoftheproject,theprocessesandtoolsarenotfixedbutaredecidedbyconsideringthebusinessrequirementsandtechnicalneedsoftheproject.WhendecidingwhetherCrystalistherightmethodologyforaproject,considercomfort,discre(onarymoney,essen(almoneyandlifealongwiththesizeoftheteamworkingonapar(cularproject.VariousmethodologiesintheCrystalfamilyareknownasthevarious“weights”oftheCrystalapproachandarerepresentedbydifferentcolorsofthespectrum.

•  Therefore,theCrystalfamilyofmethodologiesconsistsofthefollowingvariants:CrystalClear,CrystalYellow,CrystalOrange,CrystalOrangeWeb,CrystalRed,CrystalMaroon,CrystalDiamondandCrystalSapphire

•  Toclarify,CrystalClearismoreappropriateforcompara(velyshort-termprojectsbeingmanagedbyateamofsixdevelopersworkingoutofasingleworkspace,whereasCrystalOrangeissuitedforprojectsthatrequireateamof10to40membersandhavealifespanof1-2years.Ontheotherhand,CrystalSapphireorCrystalDiamondmethodsareusedinlargeprojectsthatinvolvepoten(alrisktohumanlife.Therefore,theweightoftheCrystalmethodologyisdeterminedbytheprojectenvironmentandtheteamsize.

Whatarethemainprac(cesrecommendedbyCrystal?

•  Crystalispreciseaboutcertainprac(cesbecausethesearecrucialforthesuccessfulimplementa(onoftheCrystalapproachontoanyproject.Theseprac(cesinclude:

•  Anitera(veandincrementaldevelopmentapproach—Theprojectisdevelopedinitera(onsthataregenerally(meboxed.Thefeaturedeliveredattheendofanitera(onisintegratedintotheoverallsystem.Userfeedbacktakenattheendofanitera(onisusedtoplanthenextitera(on;and,newandaddi(onalfeaturesareaddedineverysubsequentitera(on.Allthisresultsinrefinementandcomple(onoftheoverallsoeware.

•  Ac(veuserinvolvement—ThisisamustbecauseCrystalisapeople-centricapproachandemphasizestransparency.So,usersarenotonlyac(velyinvolvedbutalsoregularlyinformedabouttheprogressoftheproject.

•  Deliveringoncommitments—Theteamendeavorstoensurefrequentdeliveryofclient-valued,poten(ally-shippablefunc(onali(es.ItistothisendthatCrystalfollowsanitera(veandanincrementaldevelopmentapproach.

WhataretherolesprescribedbyCrystal?

•  TheCrystalapproachdefinesanumberofroles:ProjectSponsor,SeniorDesigner/Programmer,Designer/Programmers(BusinessClassDesigners,Programmers,SoewareDocumentersandUnitTesters)andUsers.Also,thereareanumberofotherrolessuchasArchitect,Coordinator,RequirementsGatherer,BusinessExpert,BusinessAnalyst/Designer,ProjectManager,DesignMentor,UsageExpert,LeadDesignProgrammer,UIdesigner,TechnicalFacilitatorandTechnicalWriter.

•  Crystalisnon-jealous,meaningthataCrystalmethodologypermitssubs(tu(onofsimilarelementsfromothermethodologies.

•  Methodologiesarebigthings,andCrystalisafamilyofthem.Althoughthereisagrowingbookcollec(onabouttheCrystalmethodologyfamily,noteverythingofvaluecanbecollectedintothatbookcollec(on(somepeoplehadtheaudacityofpublishinggoodbooksbeforeCrystalwasconceived!)Further,Crystalisnon-jealous,meaningthatyoumightwishtosubs(tutesomethinginthatwasn’tgivenaprimespotinthefamily.

•  Crystalisevolvingintandemwithourunderstandingoftheprinciplesoflightweightsoewaredevelopmentprocessesandpeople-centricprojectmanagement.Italignswiththemanifestoforsoewaredevelopment.

HowIsavedAgileandtheRestoftheWorld

•  Thisisnotaboutmesavinganything.Itistoremindyouthat

theAgileManifestowaswriJenby17people,allveryexperiencedandwithverydifferentbackgrounds.Beforeyouclaimtounderstandtheheritageoftheagilesoewaredevelopment,youneedtointerviewall17ofthosepeoplewhowroteit.Hopefullysomeonewilldothatbeforewestartdyingoff.

•  Inpar(cular,payaGen(ontotheauthorsofPragma>cProgramming,DaveThomasandAndyHunt.Theyareunderrepresentedinthehistoryofagile,becausetheyjustkeptdoingtheiragilething,crea(ngPragma(cBookshelf,whichbroughtagileworkingstyleandcon(nuousintegra(ontopublishing.TheyareonrecordasbeingpreGysadwithwhattheindustrydidwiththeagilemanifesto,sotheywentsilent.Butthatdoesn’thaveanythingtodowithhowmuchtheycontributedtothemee(ng

•  AskBrianMarickwherehewastakinghisthoughtsfromatthe(me.Adeepthinker,hehascontributedmanyoriginalthoughtsonthesubject.Heisonrecordaspreferringtheterm"Ar(sanalretro-futurism⊗team-scaleanarcho-syndicalism",partlybecauseitismoreaccurate,asheexplains,butalsosothatnoteveryonewillgoaroundsayingtheyarethat.

•  TheEuropeanDSDMcommunity,largelyoutofEnglandandHollandandrepresentedbyArievanBennekum,wereperhapsthebestorganizedofallofus,alongsideXP.TheyhadalreadywriGen,in1995,nineprinciplesthatwecouldhavetakenwholeclothastheen(reagilemanifesto.Ifyouhaven’tseenthoseprinciples,youshouldstudythem.However,Arierepresentedhisownbackgroundandthinking,notjusttheDSDMdoctrineofthe(me.

•  JonKerncameonbehalfoftheFDDcommunity,originallycomingoutofAustralia,represen(nghisownexperiencesandpersonalviewsaswell.

AlistairCockburn‘sContribu(oninAgile

•  JimHighsmithhadgoGentohis“Adap(veSoewareDevelopment”bystudyingteamsatNikearound1994.Hiswashisownoriginallineofinves(ga(on,whichsomeoneshouldcapture.Jimwonthepres(giousWayneStevensawardin2005forhisworkonagilemethodologies,andhisbook“AgileSoewareDevelopmentEcosystems”containsinsigh{ulinterviewsandcharacteriza(onsofsomeofthemanifestoauthors,wellworthreadingnow,justasitwaswhenitcameout.

•  Sidenote:JimHighsmithandIrepresentedtheviewthatthereisnoonemethodology,everyprojectneedsitsownpersonalmethodology.Wewererepresen=ngthepluralityofmethodologies.WhatwewantedwasthatEVERYmethodologyproducedhadthesecharacteris=cs.

•  Andasanoddtwistofhistory,WayneStevenswasmytechnicalbossatIBM1991-93anditwashe,alongwithDickAntalek,whotaughtmewhatIknowaboutmethodologiesandsuccessfulsoNwaredevelopment.Hediedlatein1993,andhadamethodologyawardcreatedinhismemory.MyCrystalmethodologiesareactuallyacon=nua=onoftheprogramhewaspushingattheIBMConsul=ngGroupatthe=me.IoNenwonderwhathe’dthinkofwhatI’veproduced.

•  KentBeck’sExtremeProgrammingwasthedominantagilemethodologyintheworldatthe(me.Anumberofpeopleatthemee(ngwerethenusingXPastheircurrentwayofworking.Butdon’toverlooktheirpast.WardCunningham,RonJeffriesandBobMar=neachhadadeeppastoutsideofandinsideofXP.Mar=nFowlerisanavowed“Idon’tbelongtoanygroupthatwillacceptme”person,whohadbeenstudyingXPandotherwaysofworkingforalong(me.JamesGrenningwasandisareal-(me-systemsexpert.

•  Scrumwasrepresentedbythreepeople,KenSchwaber,JeffSutherlandandMikeBeedle.Oddthoughitseemsnow,ScrumwaspreGymuchunknownatthe(me.itwasonlywiththeadventofKenSchwaber’s2-dayCer(fiedScrummasterCer(ficateseveralyearslaterthatScrumroseinascendancy,un(lnowtherearehundredsofthousandsofpeoplepassingalongtheScrumviewoftheworld.ThefactthatScrumisdominantintheindustry15yearsaeerthewri(ngofthemanifestoisunrelatedtoitsprac((oners’contribu(oninthemee(ng,justasXP’spopularityatthe(mehadliGletodowiththenamechosenandthewordswewrotethen.

•  SteveMellororiginallywastherejusttoseewhatwasgoingon(“I’maspy”,hefamouslysaidasheintroducedhimself).Buthisdeepbackgroundandinsighthadabigeffectonourdiscussions,andheendedupco-construc(ngandagreeingwiththewordsweproducedjustasmuchanyone.

•  Myownworkwasmo(vatedbymybossattheIBMConsul(ngGroup1991,KathyUlisse.Iwasanewbiemethodologist.ShesaidIshoulddebriefsometeamstolearnwhatdoesanddoesn’twork.Thatsentmedownthepathofgroundedresearchandmyeventualdoctoratein2003.FromthoseinterviewsIcreatedin1992thefirstIBMmethodologyforSmalltalkandC++projects(whichcontained,forthoseinterested,onlyincrementaldevelopment,usecases,CRCcards,andversioncontrolasitselements).Wegottousethatonalargefixed-priceprojectin1994,whichbecametheseedforCrystalOrange.Asmanyknowfrommywri(ngs,Iintervieweddozensofteamsoverseveralyears,andworkedtoconstructatheorytocoverthosefindings.ThatproducedtheCrystalapproach.

•  Sidenoteaboutselec>ngthename‘aglie’:Ifacilitatedthename-findingsession,soIhaveafairlydetailedrecallofhowthatwent:“Agile”,forexample,wasnotasurewinnerforanameatany>me,“Adap>ve”>editatthefinalround.Wefilledpageswithbrainstormednames.Weselectedahandfulandsaidwhywedidnotlikethem,oddthoughthatproceduresounds.Thedominantmemeinthatdiscussionwas“Idon’twanttohavetowearpink>ghtsandatutuwhenIsayit”!Wevoteddowntofive,thenvotedforawinnerbutfounda>ebetweenagileandadap>ve,thenselected“agile”.

•  BobMar(nfloatedtheideaformanifestowri(ngandprovidedtheini(alinviteelist(manyofwhomcouldn’tmakeit).Iwaslocalorganizer.JimHighsmithgottheCuGerConsor(umtosponsorpartofthecostsofthemee(ng.Oncethosethreeitemsweretakencareof,itwasafree-for-all,thatistosay,therewasnogivenpurposeoragenda.Self-organiza(onatit’sfinest,heldtogetherbydeeprespectandgenerouslisteningonallsides.Whatemergedwaswhattheseexact17peoplecouldproducetogetheratthatpar(cularmomentinhistory.Weagreedattheendnevertoupdatethemanifestoforthatexactreason.(Sodon’taskusto)

•  WhatIhopeyouseeisthattheAgileManifestowastheproductof17peoplefromdifferentschoolsandbackgrounds.Noonepersonisresponsibleforthewordswecameupwith–itisclearthatitwastheproductofall17people.Theaddi(onorremovalofany1personwouldhavechangedtheoutcome,somethingwerecognizedanddiscussedattheendofthatmee(ng.

•  Whetheryouthink“agile”savedtheworldorpoisonedit,besurealwaystorecognizethatitgrewfromarichcompost(jokeinten(onal)ofbackgrounds.Thenext(meyoureadawould-behistoryoftheagilemovement,lookforallthosenames.Ifyoudon’tseethem,itisnotahistory,itisoneperson’spersonalrecoun(ngoftheirownjourney,yearsaeertheevent(asindeed,thisoneis).Asyougoforwarddiscussingtheoriginandheritageoftheagilemovement,pleasebesuretocreditthediversethinkerswhoputsomuchintothatwri(ng.

•  Name:AlistairCockburn(pronouncedCo-burn,theScobshway)

•  TwiGer&Facebook:@TotherAlistair•  Website:hGp://alistair.cockburn.us/

Thankyou