Aligning Architecture to Organization Stephen CohenChief Architect, Microsoft Worldwide Public Sector Services

M363

4 Steps to Great Architecture

Understand Choose

Apply Measure Impact

“Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations.”

“Organizations are most efficient when their enterprise architecture is a copy of the communications structures of these organizations.”

Understanding the companyTwo simple questions

Two simple questions

“ Who am I

”

Organization

Who are we?What is the unique value we alone can deliver to our market?

How are we organized?Strategy Structure and Constraints

Ask yourself“Who are we?”

How do we deliver unique value?

Customer Intimacy

Delivery ExcellenceInnovation

The discipline of market leaders;Choose your customers,Narrow your focus, and Dominate your market

By Michael Treacy and Fred Weirseman

Starbucks

Innovation

Operational Excellence

Customer Intimacy

What’s our organizational strategy?

Growth Profit

Services Survival

What are our constraints?

Technical

Political

Physical

Legal

What is our organizational structure?

Partnership Coached Team

Anarchy Feudal

Federated

Monarchy

Ask yourself“Why are we

organized this way?”

What are our organizational drivers?

Geography Customer

Random Product

18%

9%

12%61%

NOT REAL DATA

Organizational maturity matters

ChaosTrying

Stable Mature

Making good architectural choicesWhich Architecture fits?

Well known architectures types

Centralized

Fault Tolerant

Federated

Event Driven

Distributed

Micro-Services

Service Bus

Real-Time

What are our organizational boundaries?

Management Fiscal

Security Physcal

What are our organizational links?

Information AssociationCommunication

Push vs PullFirm vs TransientTrusted vs Feared

FedEx

Strategy MaturityGoals

Structure LinksConstraints

FedEx

Service

Strategy

High

Maturity

Operational Excellence

Goals

Monarchy

Structure

Geography

Driver

Technical

Constraints

FedEx trinity of customers

Internal OperationsB2X

CustomersBusiness

Centralized

Management &

Control

Finance

R & D

Sales

HR

Centralized boundaries and links

Exposure VisibilityRiskFiscal InfluenceMissionChoice

Organization

Centralized Architecture

Façade Layer

HR LegalOperation

sAPI / WS

Entity Objects

Computational Objects

Data Access Layer

Centralized and Federated activities

“My guess is that the independent contract structure gives FedEx a 15 to 20 percent advantage on total compensation costs on benefits alone”

Labor economist David Ciscel Professor emeritus at he University of Memphis

Federated organization

Federated boundaries and links

Org B

Exposure VisibilityFiscal RiskInfluence

Federation

Exposure VisibilityRiskFiscal Influence

MissionChoice

Org A

Federated architecture

Event Driven - Service Bus (non-directional)

Org A Fed core Org B Partner

Isn’t it really just a Distributed Architecture?

Distributed organization (business units)

Manage &

Control

Human Resources

Finance

Research

Sales

Distributed architecture (business units)

Management

Control

WORKFLOW

RULES

Human Resources

Finance

Research & Developme

nt

Sales

Distributed organization (geography)

HR

Finance

R & D

Sales

Management & Control

EAST

HR

Finance

R & D

Sales

Management & Control

WEST

HR

Finance

R & D

Sales

Management & Control

NORTH

HR

Finance

R & D

Sales

Management & Control

HQs

The cost of mismatched boundaries and linksMore than just finacial

Impedance mismatch

Distribute vs monarchy

Federate vs distributed

Centralize vs Federation

For deliveryCost, Time, and Politics

For UsersEffectiveness, Duplication of Effort, Mission failure

Great architects see things for what they are

and use that truth to ensure the solution

works with, not against that truth

Questions ?

Resources

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Image Sources1. AAHA7. (n.d.). Some Funny Pic-Webmasters Forum. Retrieved September 2007, from senaia.com:

http://www.ajokes.com/images/pictures/evolution_of_the_geek.jpg

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Steps https://richielloyd.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/steps-to-success.jpg

Keyboard http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/assistivetechnology/files/2014/04/keyboard.jpg

Sand http://kristiholl.net/writers-blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/sand.jpg

Links https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/10548/large_bicycle_chain_links_3d_model_75e8c013-d13b-4f2b-8a3a-648b64b426c2.jpg

bulb http://www.volvoce.com/SiteCollectionImages/VCE/Pictures%20and%20Videos/VCE%20Corporate/iStock_000005415621Medium.jpg

customer http://www.ramboll.com/~/media/Images/RGR/Lets-talk-megatrends/oktober2013/Business_technology_as_the_catalyst_for_customer_intimacy722x318.jpg

globe https://www.uninett.no/sites/drupal.uninett.no.uninett/files/146780171.jpg

B2B http://img01.thedrum.com/s3fs-public/drum_column_article/94585/main_images/B2B-Social-Media-Advertising_Image_0.jpghttp://img01.thedrum.com/s3fs-public/drum_column_article/94585/main_images/B2B-Social-Media-Advertising_Image_0.jpg

Operations http://mmhcs.com/uploads/3/4/4/2/3442962/932570_orig.jpg

globe hands http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0z73EBVr54A/TcCGInhF03I/AAAAAAAAABU/Z6W6iOSDtGg/s1600/e-business.jpg

kung fu fighting http://static.wixstatic.com/media/0fb253_e151183c2d26424aaede2a57b90dcca3.jpg_srz_623_331_85_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz