Alexander’s EmpireChapter 5Section 4

Key Terms Philip II Macedonia Alexander the Great Darius

Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonia- located

just north of Greece Lived in mountain

villages and not city-states

Thought of themselves as Greeks

Greeks looked down on them as uncivilized

Philip’s Army 359 Philip II becomes

king of Macedonia Brilliant general and

ruthless politician Well trained army

Organized into phalanxes of 16 men across and 16 deep

Each had a 18 foot pike Used fast moving

cavalry to crush opponents

Conquest of Greece Demosthenes tried

to warn Greeks about Philip

338 BC Macedonia defeats Greece

City-states retained self government

Greece under control of Philip

Conquest of Greece Philip wanted to

invade Persia 336 BC stabbed and

killed at his daughter’s wedding

Alexander became king

Over the next 13 years would be known as Alexander the Great

Alexander Defeats Persia 20 years old when he

became king Taught by Aristotle Learned to ride a horse Command troops Thebes rebelled

Alexander destroyed the city

Killed 6,000 Thebans Survivors sold into slavery Used Thebes as an

example

Invasion of Persia 334 BC uses 35,000

troops 40,000 Persians Met a Grancius River Alexander charged

and defeated the Persians

Darius III-Persian king vowed to crush the invaders

Invasion of Persia 50-75,000 Persians to

face Macedonians Outnumbered Alexander

orders his troops break through a weak point

Army charged straight at Darius

Darius fled followed by his army

Alexander had control over Anatolia

Conquering the Persian Empire Darius tried to

negotiate a truce Alexander rejected the

offer and announced he would conquer the whole Persian Empire

Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 BC

Welcomed as a liberator and crowned pharaoh

Conquering the Persian Empire Founded Alexandria at

the mouth of the Nile Left Egypt for

Mesopotamia 250,000 Persians Fought near ancient

Nineveh Massive phalanx and

cavalry charges crumble Persian lines

Alexander occupies Babylon

Alexander in India Ruled southwest Asia 326 BC Alexander

and his army reached the Indus Valley

Indian army blocked his path

After 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander agreed to turn back

Alexander in India 323 BC army reaches

Babylon Alexander announces

an organization to his empire

Constructs cities, roads, harbors and conquer Arabia

Alexander get sick and dies at age 32

Alexander’s Legacy Alexander’s generals

fought to control the empire

3 leaders won out Antigonus- Macedonia

and Greek city-states Ptolemy-took title of

pharaoh Selecus-took most of

old Persian Empire Governed with complete

power ignore democracy

Alexander’s Legacy Alexander adopted

Persian dress Married a Persian

women Included Persians

and other peoples in his army

New culture emerged a blend of Greek and Eastern customs