ANCIENT GREECEAlexander the Great

Macedonia

Kingdom just north of Greece Greeks thought Macedonians were

barbarians Macedonians thought of themselves as

Greek Spoke Greek

King Philip of Macedon

From Macedonia Studied in Greece when he was young Macedonia was poor and divided

Philip united Macedonia Wanted to conquer Greek city-states

Created alliances with them by threat/bribe Built army stronger than Sparta’s

Conquered remaining city-states Athens and Thebes tried to fight Philip

338 BC Failed, and Philip took control of all of Greece

Alexander the Great

Philip wanted to conquer all of Persia next Assassinated in 336BC

Alexander the Great Philip’s son Became king at age 20 Had been educated in Greece by Aristotle Took Achilles as his hero instead

Vowed to visit site of Ancient Troy and lay a wreath on Achilles’ tomb

Achilles was the hero from the Iliad

Alexander the Great’s Conquests

Invaded Persian Empire Empire weaker than it had been Still huge

Egypt to India Success at conquering his own empire

Took Persia, Egypt, lands beyond the Indus River

Built cities wherever he conquered Named many after himself: Alexandria,

Alexandroupolis

Stretching Too Far

Success came from driving his army hard Didn’t lose battles

Troops refused to go on Soon after crossing Indus River

Alexander upset, but turned back Caught fever in 323 BC

Age 33 Died

Sickness the cause?

Hellenism

Kingdom split into thirds 50 years after his death Greece/Macedonia, Egypt, Persia Each ruled by one of his former commanders Greek cities formed in each of these empires

Modeled after Ancient Greece Language, architecture, entertainment

People moved from Greece to these cities Spread Greek culture

Hellenism Greek culture after the death of Alexander the

Great Hellas was the name the Greeks gave to their land

Alexandria

Greatest of Hellenistic cities Located in Egypt at the Nile Delta

Became capital Center of business and trade Lighthouse Library

Largest in the world 500,000 scrolls Used by scholars from all over the world

Math and Science

Euclid Developed geometry Geometric proofs explaining geometric shapes

Eratosthenes Calculated distance around the earth Very close to correct distance

Archimedes Developed the system of pulleys and levers for

heavy lifting Aristarchus

Believed sun to be center of universe, not the earth