alexander fleming 1
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Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming
Inventor of PenicillinInventor of Penicillin
Kanishka sachdevaKanishka sachdeva
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ChildhoodChildhoodBorn on LochfieldBorn on LochfieldFarm, Darvel,Farm, Darvel,
Ayrshire on August Ayrshire on August, !""!#, !""!#
$as a farmer%s son#$as a farmer%s son#&oved to London at&oved to London at
age !', to stay (ithage !', to stay (ithhis older )rother#his older )rother#
Fleming (orking inFleming (orking in
his La)oratory#his La)oratory#
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*chool*chool
Attended Louden &oor *chool, Darvel Attended Louden &oor *chool, Darvel*chool, and Kilmarnock Academy#*chool, and Kilmarnock Academy#
In London, he attended Polytechnic#In London, he attended Polytechnic#
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*t# &ary%s*t# &ary%s
&et *ir Almroth&et *ir Almroth$right, a +rofessor$right, a +rofessorat *t# &ary s#at *t# &ary s#
-oined his-oined hisla)oratory staff#la)oratory staff#
*+ent the rest of his*+ent the rest of hislife there, as alife there, as a)acteriologist#)acteriologist#
*ite of Fleming%s la)oratory#*ite of Fleming%s la)oratory#
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PenicillinPenicillinDiscovered inDiscovered in!./"#!./"#
$as (orking in his$as (orking in his
la), trying to kill ala), trying to kill adeadly )acteria,deadly )acteria,(hen he noticed a(hen he noticed a)lue mold gro(ing)lue mold gro(ingon the dish#on the dish#
0he mold Penicillum0he mold Penicillum1otatum#1otatum#
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1ot an ordinary mold1ot an ordinary mold
Learned that it (asLearned that it (asthe mold Penicillumthe mold Penicillum1otatum#1otatum#
Penicillin is found inPenicillin is found inthis mold#this mold#
1oticed that the1oticed that the)acteria around the)acteria around themold (asmold (as
dissolving#dissolving#0he mold Penicillum0he mold Penicillum
1otatum#1otatum#
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2o( it is2o( it is (as(as Develo+edDevelo+edFor . years, no)ody couldFor . years, no)ody could+urify the Penicillum+urify the Penicillum1otatum to get the +ure1otatum to get the +ure+enicillin#+enicillin#
Finally, in !.'", a team ofFinally, in !.'", a team of3xford 4niversity *cientists,3xford 4niversity *cientists,headed )y 2o(ard Floreyheaded )y 2o(ard Florey
and 5rnst B# Chain hel+edand 5rnst B# Chain hel+edto develo+ +enicillin#to develo+ +enicillin# Penicillin )eingPenicillin )eing
develo+ed#develo+ed#
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&ass Production&ass Productionðods for it s massðods for it s mass+roduction, +urification,+roduction, +urification,and sta)ili6ation (ereand sta)ili6ation (eredevelo+ed in the 4#*#,develo+ed in the 4#*#,
in coo+eration (ith thein coo+eration (ith theDe+artment ofDe+artment of
Agriculture Agriculture # 0he 4*# 0he 4*government +aid for itsgovernment +aid for itsmass +roduction#mass +roduction#
If not for this,If not for this,thousands of +eo+lethousands of +eo+le
(ould die#(ould die# A machine used to A machine used to
+roduce Penicillin#+roduce Penicillin#
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2o( Penicillin is used2o( Penicillin is used
In early days ofIn early days ofPenicillinPenicillin
thera+y, thethera+y, thedrug (asdrug (asadministered inadministered insmall dosessmall dosesevery threeevery three
hours#hours# Penicillin in a +ill form#Penicillin in a +ill form#
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$hat it cures$hat it cures
Penicillin hasPenicillin has)een kno(n to)een kno(n tocure manycure many
diseases such asdiseases such asPneumonia,Pneumonia,*carlet Fever,*carlet Fever,
*y+hilis, 0etanus,*y+hilis, 0etanus,and 7angrene#and 7angrene#
Pneumonia#Pneumonia#
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2o( it (orks2o( it (orks
Penicillin (orksPenicillin (orks)y killing)y killing)acteria# 0o do)acteria# 0o dothis, it interferesthis, it interferes(ith the(ith the
)acteria s a)ility)acteria s a)ilityto synthesi6eto synthesi6ethe cell (all#the cell (all# Penicillum vie(ed through aPenicillum vie(ed through a
microsco+e#microsco+e#
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Forms of PenicillinForms of Penicillin
0here are many0here are manydifferent forms ofdifferent forms ofPenicillin, (hich allPenicillin, (hich allcome from the moldscome from the moldsof genus namedof genus namedPenicillum# PenicillinPenicillum# Penicillin7, Penicillin 8,7, Penicillin 8,
Am+icillin, and Am+icillin, and Amoxicillin are the Amoxicillin are themost commonly usedmost commonly used
forms of Penicillin#forms of Penicillin# Penicillin 7#
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$orld $ar II$orld $ar IIPenicillin (asPenicillin (asintroduced to theintroduced to the(orld 9ust in time(orld 9ust in time
for $orld $ar II#for $orld $ar II#It hel+ed saveIt hel+ed savemany lives duringmany lives during
the (ar, and hasthe (ar, and has)een greatly)een greatlya++reciateda++reciatedsince#since# An add for Penicillin, during $$II#
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Collected /: 2onorary DegreesCollected /: 2onorary Degrees
/ &edals/ &edals
!" Pri6ed!" Pri6ed
!' Decorations!' Decorations $as Knighted in !.;;#$as Knighted in !.;;#
A(ards and
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Bi)liogra+hyBi)liogra+hy htt+>??scotlandvacations#com?fleming#htmhtt+>??scotlandvacations#com?fleming#htm
0he 1e( Book of Kno(ledge0he 1e( Book of Kno(le dge # /@@@# 7rolier# /@@@# 7rolierIncor+orated#Incor+orated#Dan)ury, Connecticut#Dan)ury, Connecticut#
0he $orld Book 5ncyclo+edia0he $orld Book 5 ncyclo+edia # !...# $orld Book# !...# $orld BookIncor+orated# Chicago, Illinois#Incor+orated# Chicago, Illinois#
Com+tons Interactive 5ncyclo+edia Deluxe#Com+tons Interactive 5ncyclo+edia Deluxe#htt+>??encarta#msn#com?encyclo+edia = !: @/!?fleming sir htt+>??encarta#msn#com?encyclo+edia = !: @/!?fleming sir
alexander#htmlalexander#html
htt+>??encarta#msn#com?encyclo+edia = !: @! ;?Penicillin#hthtt+>??encarta#msn#com?encyclo+edia = !: @! ;?Penicillin#htmlml htt+>??(((#cellsalive#com?+en#htmhtt+>??(((#cellsalive#com?+en#htm htt+>??no)el+ri6e#org?medicine?laureates?!.;:?fleming )io#htmlhtt+>??no)el+ri6e#org?medicine?laureates?!.;:?fleming )io#html