ALEC 681: Seminar

APA Style: Citation Order

Objectives

Discuss basic rules for citation order for in-text and reference lists using APA standards

Demonstrate APA standards for in-text citation order

Demonstrate APA standards for order of citations in the reference list

Basic Rules

References cited in text must appear in the reference list, and vice-versa, except for Personal communications (in-text only) Primary source (cited from a secondary source) in

text only, not in reference list Spelling and years must match

APA In-text Citation Order Rules APA method (author’s surname, year) Same surname authors: APA 3.98, p. 211

Reference list with two primary authors with the same surname, must include first author’s initials in all text citations, even if publication year differs

Ex.K. Dooley (2005) and L. Dooley (2004) found similar…

APA In-text Citation Order

Two+ Works in Parentheses: APA 3.99, p. 212 Same author is ordered by year with suffixes

Lindner (2003a, 2003b) found… Same authors are ordered by year

Past research (Lindner & Dooley, 2003, 2004) shows… Multiple authors are alpha-ordered with semi-

colon separatorsSeveral studies (Dooley & Lindner, 2005; Lindner, 2003a; Lindner & Dooley, 2003, 2004) illustrate…

APA In-text Citation Order

Two+ Works in Parentheses: APA 3.99, p. 212 Multiple authors are alpha-ordered with semi-

colon separatorsSeveral studies (Dooley & Lindner, 2005; Lindner, 2003a; Lindner & Dooley, 2003, 2004) illustrate the importance…

Exception to rule above: Can separate major citation from others with a phrase,

such as “see also,” but the “s” in see counts for order

(Lindner, 2003a; see also Briers, 2000; Wingenbach, 2001)

APA Reference List Citation Order Rules Reference List Order: APA 4.04, p. 219

Alphabetize letter by letter Nothing precedes something

Brown, J. R., precedes Browning, A. R. Alphabetize prefixes: M’, Mc, and Mac literally

MacArthur precedes McAllisterMacNeil precedes M’Carthy

Alphabetize surnames with articles/prepositions (de, la, von, etc.); treat prefix as part of surname

DeBase precedes De Vries Alphabetize entries with numerals as if spelled out

APA Reference List Citation Order Rules Reference List Order: APA 4.04, p. 219

One-author entries are arranged by year One-author precedes same primary with multiple-

author entriesWingenbach, G. (2001).Wingenbach, G., & Rutherford, T. (2007).

Same primary with multiples are arranged by second/third author’s surname

Wingenbach, G., & Rutherford, T. (2007).Wingenbach, G., Rutherford, T., & Dunsford, D. (2003).Wingenbach, G., Rutherford, T., & Murphy, T. (2004).

APA Reference List Citation Order Rules Reference List Order: APA 4.04, p. 219

Same authors in same order are arranged by year of publication

Wingenbach, G., Rutherford, T., & Dunsford, D. (2002).

Wingenbach, G., Rutherford, T., & Dunsford, D. (2003). Same surname, multiple authors, use initials

Dooley, K., & Dooley, L. (2003).

Dooley, L., & Dooley, K. (2002). Anonymous is treated as a true name

APA Reference List Citation Order General Forms: APA 4.07, p. 223

Periodicals (published on regular basis)Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article

title. Title of Periodical, xx, xx-xx. Nonperiodicals (published separately)

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Part of a Nonperiodical

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.

APA Reference List Citation Order General Forms: APA 4.07, p. 223

Online PeriodicalAuthor, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title

of article. Title of Periodical, xx, xx-xx. Retrieved month day, year, from URL (no period after URL)

Online DocumentAuthor, A. A. (2000). Title of work. Retrieved month day,

year, from URL (no period after URL)

APA Reference List Citation Order Authors: APA 4.08, p. 224

Invert all authors’ names; surnames and initials for up to and including six authors; seventh author is et al.

If author’s name is hyphenated, retain hyphen Use commas to separate authors’ surnames and

initials, and initials and suffixes (e.g., Jr. and III)

APA Reference List Citation Order Authors: APA 4.08, p. 224

Use ampersand (&) between two, or before last author in multiple-author listing

Spell out group author names (e.g., National Science Foundation)

In an edited book, place author’s names in author position and close with abbreviation (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor’s name

APA Reference List Citation Order Publication Dates: APA 4.09, p. 225

Include in parentheses for year the work was copyrighted (published); unpublished works should include year the work was produced

Magazines, newsletters, and newspapers require exact date of publication

Use (in press) for articles that are accepted but not yet published

Papers and posters presented at meetings require (year, month) citation

No date publications, use (n.d.)

APA Reference List Citation Order Publication Dates: APA 4.09, p. 225

Examples: Author, A. (2007). [print/online journals, reports, and

books] Author, A. (2007, November). [meetings; monthly

magazines, newsletters, and newspapers] Author, A. (2007, November 2). [dailies and weeklies] Author, A. (in press). [any work accepted, but not yet

published] Author, A. (n.d.). [work with no date available]

Reference List Examples: Articles Scholarly journal article paginated by volume:

Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924.

Scholarly journal article paginated by issue:Wingenbach, G., & Rutherford, T. (2007). State FFA

officers’ confidence and trustworthiness of biotechnology information sources. Journal of Agricultural Education, 48(4), 43-54.

Reference List Examples: Articles Article in press, but not yet published:

Harder, A., Wingenbach, G., & Rosser, A. (in press). Developing international research partnerships. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education.

Article in progress, but not yet in press:Kessell, J., & Wingenbach, G. (2007). Student teachers’

knowledge of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Reference List Examples: Meetings Published proceedings:

Harder, A., Wingenbach, G., & Rosser, A. (2007). Going global: Developing research partnerships between Texas A&M University and the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Mexico. In M. Navarro (Ed.), Internationalizing with Cultural Leadership: Vol. 23. Proceedings of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education (pp. 154-160). Polson, MT.

Proceedings published regularly:Vestal, T. A., Dainello, F., Wingenbach, G., & Laminack, J.

(2005). Experiential education employed to demystify food irradiation as a viable technology for food industry professionals [Abstract]. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 40(4), 1133.

Reference List Examples: Meetings Unpublished paper presented at a meeting:

Kessell, J., & Wingenbach, G. (2007, January). What do agricultural education student teachers know about the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act? Paper presented at the 5th annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, HI.

Poster session:Wolfskill, L., & Wingenbach, G. (2007, May). Experiential

education across borders: Perceived barriers to participation. Poster session presented at the 23rd annual conference of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education, Polson, MT.

Reference List Examples: Books Book by multiple authors:

Buford, J. A., Jr., & Lindner, J. R. (2002). Human resource management in local government: Concepts and applications for HRM students and practitioners. Cincinnati: South-Western.

Edited book, second edition:Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of

qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Reference List Examples: Online Internet articles based on a print source:

Roberts, T. G., Harlin, J., & Ricketts, J. (2006). A longitudinal examination of teaching efficacy of agricultural science student teachers [Electronic version]. Journal of Agricultural Education, 47(2), 81-92.

Article in an Internet-only journal:Mayfield, C., Wingenbach, G., & Chalmers, D. (2006).

Using CD-based materials to teach turfgrass management. Journal of Extension, 44(2), Article 2FEA5. Retrieved April 28, 2006, from http://www.joe.org/joe/2006april/a5.shtml

That’s enough for today!

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