alderbrook school
DESCRIPTION
Slides used with Alderbrook School, Solihull on 8th April 2011TRANSCRIPT
Challenging Learning
James Nottingham www.p4c.comwww.jamesnottingham.co.uk
Praise can make pupils scared of challenge
Our praise often teaches pupils that
easy success means they are intelligent and, by implication, that errors and effort mean they are not.
Prof Carol Dweck, Mindset
“Pupils show greater motivation, are better behaved and are more likely to be independent and strategic thinkers when teachers are not obsessed by grades.”
Focusing on learning
“If there is one new thing we need in our school system right now, it is a well-developed focus on learning.”
Chris Watkins, Institute of Education, Aug 2010From an analysis of 100 international studies on how children learn
www.carol-dweck.co.uk
Carol Dweck
Mueller and Dweck, 1998
In six studies, 7th grade students were given a series of nonverbal IQ tests.
The effects of different types of praise
Intelligence praise
“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must be smart at this.”
Process praise
“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must have tried really hard.”
Control-group praise
“Wow, that’s a really good score.”
Mueller and Dweck, 1998
Trial 1 Trial 34.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
Effort Praise
Control Praise
Intelligence Praise
Number of problems solved on a 3rd test
Boys get 8 times more criticism than girls
The effects of praise
Swimming
“You do your best swimming when you concentrate and try your best to do what Chris is asking you to do”
Ballet
“What a beautiful ballerina!”
Intelligence Control Effort0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 Chart Title
Number of students who lied about their score
John Hattie’s Visible Learning (2009)
Influence Effect Size Domain (1) Self-report grades 1.44 Student (2) Piagetian programs 1.28 Student (3) Formative evaluation 0.90 Teaching (4) Micro teaching 0.88 Teacher (5) Acceleration 0.88 School (6) Classroom behavioural 0.80 School (7) Interventions for SEN 0.77 Teaching (8) Teacher clarity 0.75 Teacher (9) Reciprocal teaching 0.74 Teaching (10) Feedback 0.73 Teaching (11) Staff-student relationships 0.72 Staff (12) Spaced vs. mass practice 0.71 Teaching
Feedback is a major influence on learning
Rewards, rewards, rewards
10/10
Intelligence is fixed
Priority: Look smart
Feel smart by achieving low effort success and outperforming others
You avoid: higher-performing peers, difficulty and setbacks
Intelligence can be grown
Priority: Become smarter
Feel Smart by engaging fully, exerting effort, stretching skills
You avoid: Easy, previously mastered tasks, or low level challenge
Fixed vs Growth Mindsets
Comparing test scores
140
130
120
110
100
90
140
132
125
105
100
90
140
136
128
100
105
94
Evelyn Glennie – Growth Mindset ?
Sting – Fixed Mindset ?
Alfred Binet, creator of the IQ test
Alfred Binet1857 - 1911
How would you change the following praise?
Clever girl!
Gifted musician
Brilliant mathematician
Bright boy
Top of the class!
By far the best
What do (spellings) tests encourage?
Thinking
Wondering
Decision
Understanding
Reflection
Knowledge
Argument
Opinion
Conclusion
Justification
Pre-test; Marks Out of 10
7, 8, 9 or 10New Set of Spellings
4, 5, or 6Correct Set
0, 1, 2 or 3Additional coaching
An alternative way to administer tests
169
What is …. ?
The Learning Challenge
188
Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
21
ANALYSE
ANTICIPATE
APPLY
CAUSAL-LINK
CHOOSE
CLASSIFY
COMPARE
CONNECT
CONTRAST
DECIDE
DEFINE
DESCRIBE
DETERMINE
DISCUSS
ELABORATE
ESTIMATE
EVALUATE
EXEMPLIFY
EXPLORE
GENERALISE
GIVE EXAMPLES
GIVE REASONS
GROUP
HYPOTHESISE
IDENTIFY
INFER
INTERPRET
ORGANISE
PARAPHRASE
PREDICT
QUESTION
RANK
REPRESENT
RESPOND
SEQUENCE
SIMPLIFY
SHOW HOW
SOLVE
SORT
SUMMARISE
SUPPORT
TEST
VERIFY
VISUALISE
A selection of thinking skills
137
Pick a concept, any concept
Foreign Fairness
Evidence Tourism
Home Truth
Language History
Names Number
Friends Thinking
Belonging Knowledge222
Recent Demo Lesson Concepts
Is it possible to have no weather? (Yr 7)
Are habits the same as addictions? (Yr 8)
What’s the difference between tragedy and romance? (Yr 9)
What is culture? (Yr 10)
Is zero the same as nothing? (Yr 11)
I know it’s wrong to
steal
But then why was Robin
Hood a hero?
Cognitive Conflict is Key to Engagement
Kriticos = able to make judgments
Critical Thinking
Comes from the Greek, Kriticos
Meaning: able to make judgments
Source: www.etymonline.com
An Ethos for Learning
Not all of our questions answered …
… but all of our answers questioned
21
?
Challenge with young children
Challenge with Year 5 pupils
Filmed by Channel 4 in 1999. Video at: www.p4c.com/video-clips
P4C and thinking skills
“No programme I am aware of is more likely to teach durable and transferable thinking skills than Philosophy for Children”
21
Robert Sternberg
President of the American Psychological Association
Eureka moments come from challenge
188
Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
3. Construct
2
1
3
Eureka!
Rosenthal & Jacobson
The Pygmalion Effect
Our actions(towards others)
Others beliefs(about us)
Others actions(towards us)
Our beliefs(about ourselves)
impact
influe
nce
reinforceca
use
