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AlcoaAlcoaBusiness Services CenterBusiness Services Center
Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Efficiency Considerations for Modern Design
Geoffrey E. Measel – Structural Option 2004 Senior Thesis
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
IntroductionIntroductionThesis researchThesis research
•Structural Depth•Alternate Floor Systems
•Alternate Foundation Systems
•Core Framing For UFADS
•Mechanical Breadth•Under Floor Air Distribution System
•Construction Breadth•Direct Cost Of Each System
•Overall Building Cost
•Schedule Impact
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
IntroductionIntroductionPresentation OutlinePresentation Outline
IntroductionStructural Depth– Alternate Floors– Alternate Foundation– Building Impacts
Mechanical Breadth– Under Floor Redesign
Construction ManagementConclusionsQuestions
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
IntroductionIntroductionProject PlayersProject Players
General Contractor: PJ Dick Inc.
Construction Manager: PJ Dick Inc.
Architects: Primary: Pfaffmann & AssociatesInterior: IKM Inc.
Engineers:Structural: Atlantic Engineering ServicesMechanical: Ray EngineeringElectrical: Hornfeck Engineering, Inc. Site Consultant: Civil & Environmental Consultants Inc.
Owner: Jackson Row Holdings C/O The Rubinoff Company
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
IntroductionIntroductionLocationLocation
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
IntroductionIntroductionBuilding StatisticsBuilding Statistics
Function Types:Function Types:MultiMulti--tenant officetenant officeGround Floor Retail Ground Floor Retail Underground Parking GarageUnderground Parking Garage
Size: Size: 228,500 NRSF228,500 NRSF6 Stories6 Stories
Cost Information:Cost Information:Overall Cost: $26 millionOverall Cost: $26 million$19.3 million (excluding tenant fit$19.3 million (excluding tenant fit--out work)out work)
Delivery Method: Delivery Method: DesignDesign--BidBid--Build with CM at RiskBuild with CM at Risk
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralEXISTING STEEL FRAMINGEXISTING STEEL FRAMING
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralexisting core framingexisting core framing
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Presentation Presentation OutlineOutline
IntroductionStructural Depth– Alternate Floors– Alternate Foundation– Building Impacts
Mechanical Breadth– Under Floor Redesign
Construction ManagementConclusionsQuestions
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralfloor refloor re--designdesign
Existing Composite Existing Composite My Existing (Control for Study)My Existing (Control for Study)Percentage CompositePercentage Composite–– ShoredShored–– UnshoredUnshored–– CamberedCambered
NonNon--CompositeCompositeJoistsJoistsPrePre--Cast ConcreteCast Concrete
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralfloor refloor re--designdesign
System Comparison
6.788.07 7.68
6.44 6.137.18
8.68
3.47 3.9 3.81 3 3.31 3.354.69
6.065.87
02468
10
Exi
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My
Exi
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(70%
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(100
%)
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Pre
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Non
com
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Valu
e/sq
. ft
Steel Weight/ sq. ft Steel Cost/sq. ft
Floor Framing Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralFoundation ReFoundation Re--designdesign
7.5” Diameter Mini7.5” Diameter Mini--PilePile–– Pall =(.4 to .5) Pall =(.4 to .5) FyFy As + (.35 to .45) As + (.35 to .45) F’cF’c Ac Ac
Fy Fy =Yield Stress of Steel Casing (80ksi)=Yield Stress of Steel Casing (80ksi)As =CrossAs =Cross--sectional area of steel casing (7.86 in2)sectional area of steel casing (7.86 in2)F’cF’c =28 day Compressive Strength of grout (4000 =28 day Compressive Strength of grout (4000 psipsi))Ac =CrossAc =Cross--Sectional area of grout (35.78 inSectional area of grout (35.78 in22))
Mini-Piles
150 Ton Capacity
300 Piles
Existing Auger Cast Piles
95 Ton Capacity
374 Piles
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Existing Core Framing Existing Core Framing My Existing (Control for Study)My Existing (Control for Study)Raised Floor FramingRaised Floor FramingBeam Raised FloorBeam Raised FloorRaised Core FramingRaised Core Framing
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Existing Core Framing
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Raised Floor Core
24” Raised Tate Access Floor
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
structuralstructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Beam Raised Floor
W21X44 with Slab
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Raised Core Framing
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Raised Core Framing
Option 2 Option 1
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Core Comparisons
5.05 5.28 5.337.16
5.41
8.8010.56 10.83
14.18
11.05
0.002.004.006.008.00
10.0012.0014.0016.00
AES Existing My Exsiting Raised Floor Beam RaisedFloor
Raised Core
Valu
e/S
q. ft
Steel Cost per Sq. ft Steel W eight per Sq. ft
Core Framing Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Presentation Presentation OutlineOutline
IntroductionStructural Depth– Alternate Floors– Alternate Foundation– Building Impacts
Mechanical Breadth– Under Floor Redesign
Construction ManagementConclusionsQuestions
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
MechanicalMechanicalUnderUnder--FloorFloor
ConCoreConCore 20002000System Weight: System Weight: 11.5 lbs/sq. ft11.5 lbs/sq. ftConcentrated Load:Concentrated Load: 2000 lbs2000 lbsUniform Load:Uniform Load: 500 lbs/sq. ft500 lbs/sq. ftUltimate Load:Ultimate Load: 5750 lbs5750 lbsImpact Load:Impact Load: 150 lbs150 lbs
Raised Floor Design
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
MechanicalMechanicalDuct work ReDuct work Re--DesignDesign
Existing Duct Plan Re-Designed Duct Plan
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Presentation Presentation OutlineOutline
IntroductionStructural Depth– Alternate Floors– Alternate Foundation– Building Impacts
Mechanical Breadth– Under Floor Redesign
Construction ManagementConclusionsQuestions
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Const. MgmtConst. MgmtCost SummaryCost Summary
System Cost Comparison
1512000 1608750 1588500 15997502052000 2083500
15570001786500
0500000
1000000150000020000002500000
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Cost
Overall Floor Framing Cost Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Const. MgmtConst. Mgmtcost summarycost summary
Cost Comparison
271080 276048 287928230256
319032
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000
AES Existing My Exsiting Raised Floor Raised Core Beam RaisedFloor
Cost
Cost
Overall Core Framing Cost Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Const. MgmtConst. Mgmtcost summarycost summary
Existing Auger Cast PilesExisting Auger Cast Piles–– 374 Piles *( 50’) * $30.00/ft = $561,000374 Piles *( 50’) * $30.00/ft = $561,000–– Schedule: 50’ (374 piles) / 350 = 53 daysSchedule: 50’ (374 piles) / 350 = 53 days
MicroMicro--Piles (MiniPiles (Mini--Piles)Piles)–– 300 Mini300 Mini--piles*($55.00/ft) 50’ = $825,000piles*($55.00/ft) 50’ = $825,000
–– 300 mini300 mini--piles * 50’ / 275ft/day = 54.5 dayspiles * 50’ / 275ft/day = 54.5 days
Foundation Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Const. MgmtConst. Mgmtcost summarycost summary
Reduction of Construction Cost:Reduction of Construction Cost:--HVAC Cost = $283,040HVAC Cost = $283,040
Enhancement of Property Value:Enhancement of Property Value:-Tenant Re-Occupancy = $312,131
Improvement in Tenant Attractiveness:Improvement in Tenant Attractiveness:-Life Cycle Savings (1st Year) = $304,168-Staff Productivity (1st Year) = $635,400
Projected Mechanical Savings
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Summary & Summary & Conclusions Conclusions
Structural:Structural:–– Floor Framing: 70% Composite Floor Framing: 70% Composite UnshoredUnshored
–– Watch Steel PricesWatch Steel Prices-- 100% Comp. Shored100% Comp. Shored–– Foundation: Stay with Auger Cast PilesFoundation: Stay with Auger Cast Piles
–– If Schedule becomes an issue go with If Schedule becomes an issue go with MiniMini--PilesPiles
–– Core Framing: Raise the CoreCore Framing: Raise the Core
Mechanical: Under Floor Air DistributionMechanical: Under Floor Air Distribution
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Special ThanksSpecial Thanks
Atlantic Engineering ServicesAtlantic Engineering Services–– John SchneiderJohn Schneider–– Andy Andy VerrangiaVerrangia
PJ DickPJ Dick–– Frank Frank BabicBabic–– Matt WetzelMatt Wetzel
PfaffmanPfaffman & Associates& Associates
G.E.M. Inc.G.E.M. Inc.
AE FacultyAE Faculty–– Kevin Kevin ParfittParfitt–– Walt SchneiderWalt Schneider–– Jonathan DoughertyJonathan Dougherty
AE ClassmatesAE Classmates
My FamilyMy Family
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
QuestionsQuestions
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Floor Framing Floor Framing SummarySummary
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralfloor refloor re--designdesign
Composite Comparison
3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.83 3.83 3.90 4.00
7.75 7.75 7.75 7.68 7.64 7.64 7.68 7.83
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Percent Composite
Valu
e/sq
.ft
Steel Cost per Sq. ft Steel Weight per Sq. ft
Percentage Composite Comparison Unshored
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralfloor refloor re--designdesign
Composite Comparison (Shored)
3.00 3.00 3.11 3.11 3.14 3.22 3.27 3.27
6.44 6.44 6.49 6.50 6.44 6.37 6.43 6.43
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.00
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Pe rce nt Composite
valu
e/sq
. ft
Steel Cost per Sq. ft Steel Weight per Sq. ft
Percentage Composite Comparison Shored
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralfloor refloor re--designdesign
Existing System Comparison
3.473.90
6.78
8.07
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
AES My Existing
Valu
e/S
q. ft
Steel Cost per Sq. ft Steel W eight per Sq. ft
Existing Floor Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
Existing Core Comparisons
5.05 5.28
8.80
10.56
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
AES Existing My Existing
Valu
e/Sq
. ft
Steel Cost per Sq. ft
Steel Weight per Sq. ft
StructuralStructuralCore ReCore Re--DesignDesign
Steel Systems Comparison
Alcoa Business Services Center Alcoa Business Services Center Geoffrey Geoffrey MeaselMeasel -- StructuralStructural
StructuralStructuralFoundation ReFoundation Re--designdesign
Pile Cap Re-Design