albinism. genetic engineering altering the dna of a cell or organism
TRANSCRIPT
Albinism
Genetic EngineeringAltering the DNA of a cell or organism
G.E. Techniques
DNA ExtractionHow do you get DNA out of a cell to
work with?
Cells cut open with enzymesDNA filtered out
Multiplying DNA
PCR = process for multiplying DNADNA + Enzymes + Nucleotides
mixed in test tubePlaced in “PCR machine” to regulate
temp.
PCR
PCR
Kary Mullis –Invented PCR Won Nobel Prize in 1993
Cutting DNA
DNA molecules too large to work with
Can be cut up using Restriction Enzymes -They cut DNA at specific nucleotide
sequences
Restriction Enzymes
DNA AnalysisGel electrophoresis – separates DNA
fragments for analysis
Gel Electrophoresis
Think jell-o
Gel Electrophoresis
Gel is sponge-like
DNA neg. charged
Gel ElectrophoresisDNA has a (-) charge, moves to (+) end
of gel
Small pieces move in gel farther than large
DNA separated by size and charge
*Bands on gel are DNA-
+
Ethidium bromide
Genetic Engineering Uses
Gel Elec. and Paternity Testing
If people related, DNA is similar
REs will cut a similar pattern, can be analyzed on gel
CloningIan Wilmut - cloned Dolly the sheepNucleus from 1 sheep put into egg of
anotherEmbryo inserted into foster mother to
develop
PlasmidsPlasmids – circular DNA molecule, found
in bacteria
PlasmidsPlasmid cut open with REs Gene of interest inserted into plasmid
• Recombinant DNA – DNA from 2 organisms combined
PlasmidsNext, plasmid placed into bacteria cellProtein synthesis of gene carried out
What could be a use of this technique?
Ex. Diabetes
Diabetes
Diabetics unable to produce insulin
Insulin gene inserted into plasmid and bacteria produce it for them
Firefly Luciferase