Urban Change

ManagementKARACHI

Alan Doherty Linlithgow Academy ( photos )Malcolm McDonald Bathgate Academy

Karachi Management of Urban Change

APPLICATION

Management of urban changePopulation growth,industry,housing,services,quality of life and inequalities which arise ina city in the developing world

ARABIAN SEA

LYARI RIVER

MALIR RIVER

0 Scale

North Karachi

Korangi

SITEIndustrial

Mohammed Nagar

Defence Housing

Lyari

Orangi

Liaquat

Land Use in Karachi

ResidentialCBD

Industry TransportPlanned

Unplanned Katchi Abadis

Military

Shanty towns

How many people in Karachi ?1833 Small fishing village14000 Size of Bathgate !!!

1941 Industrial development436000 Size of Edinburgh1951 In-migration from India

12900001991 ( Afghanistan civil war )

8.5 million Scotland = 5million

How do katchi abadis grow ?Older Katchi Abadis -Lyari

600000Migrants from countrysideGetting more densely packedNo planning at allFilling up empty spacesBuilding on roofServices are “acquired”

How do katchi abadis grow ?Illegal subdivisions

Dallal acquires land Sub lets to slum dwellers

Arranges water suppliesProtects residents from evictionOnce big enough it is safe

How do katchi abadis grow ?Organised Invasions

Poorer people can’t pay rent Pick out a site

Occupy it in the eveningBuild houses on it at nightTry to prevent demolition

What are the houses like ?

Very temporaryMade of reedsAnd wooden poles

TemporaryMore wood

ProlongedConcrete bricks

Semi permanentPlastered walls

PermanentCan add extra storey

Inequalities ?DEFENCE HOUSING

Architect designed

Car owners

Water 2 hrs per day

Water use = 10%For 0.5% population

LYARI Katchi Abadi

Poor quality diy

Walk to work

Water standpipeor water bowser

Public toilets

garbage not collected

Solutions Success or Failure ?IRP Improvement and Regularisation Programme

Survey of all unauthorised katchi abadis tosee if they could be improved.

Secure land tenure

Improvement of public utilities

Development of a financial plan

Failure Not enough cash

Solutions Success or Failure ?OPD Open Plot Development

Residents build own houses

WORKSHOPS

HEALTHCENTRE

80 sqYDS

SCHOOL

WATER SUPPLY

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

WORKSHOPS

Community facilities Publicutilities

Limited success very few built

Solutions Success or Failure ?UWD Utility Wall Development

SEWAGE

WATER

DRAIN

2

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

13 2

45

TOILET

CONCRETE WALLS

MORE ROOMS

Limited success very few built

Solutions SuccessORANGI Katchi Abadi

In NW Karachi home of 1,000,000 shanty dwellers

Diseases like typhoid, malaria,diarrhoea,dysentery scabies

Many live 5 to a room

20% of babies dont reach their first birthday

Karachi Development Corporation cannotorganise services..... no taxes paid by many residents

1500 people died in riots in 1995-96

Solutions SuccessORANGI PILOT PROJECT

In 1980 the OPP began, to try to develop and improve basic services, particularly sanitation.The residents are managing, financing, operating and maintaining an underground sewerage system.Installation of septic tanks between each toiletand the underground sewage pipesResidents have collected over £1.2 million

Literacy rates up from 35% to 70%

Infant mortality fallen from 130 per 1000 to 37

SUCCESS

Karachi Skyline

Street in Karachi

Laundry

Brickworks

Bowser water lorry

Water queue

Garbage dump

Katchi abadi housing

Defence housing

Mobile home ?

Use of water

Middle Class house

Middle Class house with garden