alan brinkley, american history...
TRANSCRIPT
Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e13/e
Chapter Nineteen:Chapter Nineteen:From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium Electoral StabilityElectoral Stability High Turnout for ElectionsHigh Turnout for Elections Cultural Basis of Party IdentificationCultural Basis of Party Identification Catholics Tended to Vote DemocratCatholics Tended to Vote Democrat
2
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium
– The National GovernmentThe National Government Civil War Pension SystemCivil War Pension System Fed. Govt. Relatively InactiveFed. Govt. Relatively Inactive
The State, War, and Navy Building, Washington DC (Library of Congress)
3
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium
– Presidents and PatronagePresidents and Patronage Stalwarts and Half-BreedsStalwarts and Half-Breeds Garfield Assassinated-1881Garfield Assassinated-1881 Charles J. GuiteauCharles J. Guiteau Pendleton Act-1883Pendleton Act-1883 Supported by Chester A. ArthurSupported by Chester A. Arthur
4
President and Mrs.
Rutherford B. Hayes (Library of Congress)
The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium– Cleveland, Harrison, and the TariffCleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff
Election of 1884Election of 1884– New Public IssuesNew Public Issues
Sherman Antitrust Act-1890Sherman Antitrust Act-1890 Used to Break up Labor UnionsUsed to Break up Labor Unions McKinley TariffMcKinley Tariff Interstate Commerce Act-1887Interstate Commerce Act-1887 Used to Regulate RailroadsUsed to Regulate Railroads Five-person CommissionFive-person Commission Little Practical EffectLittle Practical Effect
Grover Cleveland (Library of Congress)
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
5
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium
– The Agrarian RevoltThe Agrarian Revolt– The GrangersThe Grangers
OriginsOrigins Supported Farmer InterestsSupported Farmer Interests Economic GrievancesEconomic Grievances Political ProgramPolitical Program
6
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium
– The Farmers’ AlliancesThe Farmers’ Alliances Mary LeaseMary Lease Birth of the People’s Party-1892Birth of the People’s Party-1892
7
““Raise less corn and more hell!”Raise less corn and more hell!”
Mary LeaseMary Lease
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Politics of EquilibriumThe Politics of Equilibrium
– The Populist ConstituencyThe Populist Constituency ““Free Silver”Free Silver” ““Colored Alliances”Colored Alliances”
– Populist IdeasPopulist Ideas Populist PlatformPopulist Platform Favored Direct Election of U.S. SenatorsFavored Direct Election of U.S. Senators 1717thth Amendment-1913 Amendment-1913 Populism’s Ideological ChallengePopulism’s Ideological Challenge
8
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
The Crisis of the 1890sThe Crisis of the 1890s– The Panic of 1893The Panic of 1893
Overexpansion and Weak DemandOverexpansion and Weak Demand Most Severe Depression up to that PointMost Severe Depression up to that Point ““Coxey’s Army”-1894Coxey’s Army”-1894 Demanded Public Works ProjectsDemanded Public Works Projects
– The Silver QuestionThe Silver Question ““Crime of 73”-Discontinued Silver CoinageCrime of 73”-Discontinued Silver Coinage Coinage Act of 1873Coinage Act of 1873 Symbolic Importance of the Currency QuestionSymbolic Importance of the Currency Question
9
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire ““A Cross of Gold”A Cross of Gold”
– The Emergence of BryanThe Emergence of Bryan William McKinleyWilliam McKinley ““Cross of Gold” Speech-1896Cross of Gold” Speech-1896 William J. BryanWilliam J. Bryan ““Fusion”Fusion”
10
William McKinley (Library of Congress)
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire ““A Cross of Gold”A Cross of Gold”
– The Conservative VictoryThe Conservative Victory Birth of Modern Birth of Modern
CampaigningCampaigning End of the People’s End of the People’s
Party-1896Party-1896 Populists Severely DefeatedPopulists Severely Defeated
– McKinley and RecoveryMcKinley and Recovery Currency ActCurrency Act
Election of 1896
11
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire Stirrings of ImperialismStirrings of Imperialism
– The New Manifest DestinyThe New Manifest Destiny
Increasing Importance of TradeIncreasing Importance of Trade
Intellectual Justifications for ImperialismIntellectual Justifications for Imperialism
Admiral Alfred Thayer MahanAdmiral Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power upon HistoryThe Influence of Sea Power upon History Annexation of Hawaii-1898Annexation of Hawaii-1898
– Hemispheric HegemonyHemispheric Hegemony Venezuelan DisputeVenezuelan Dispute U.S. vs. Great BritainU.S. vs. Great Britain
12
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire Stirrings of ImperialismStirrings of Imperialism
– Hawaii and SamoaHawaii and Samoa Self-Sufficient SocietiesSelf-Sufficient Societies Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani Revolution by American Planters and U.S. MarinesRevolution by American Planters and U.S. Marines Acquisition Acquisition
of Samoa-1899of Samoa-1899 Threat from GermanyThreat from Germany
15
Hawaiian Sugar Cane Plantation
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
War with Spain/Spanish-American War-1898War with Spain/Spanish-American War-1898– Controversy over CubaControversy over Cuba
Cuban Revolt-1895Cuban Revolt-1895 The The U.S.SU.S.S MaineMaine Call for War from ImperialistsCall for War from Imperialists ““Yellow Press”Yellow Press” William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst Dupoy de Lome LetterDupoy de Lome Letter
17
““You furnish the pictures…and I’ll furnish You furnish the pictures…and I’ll furnish the war”the war” William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire War with SpainWar with Spain
– ““A Splendid A Splendid Little War”Little War” Supply and Supply and
Mobilization ProblemsMobilization Problems Secretary of State John HaySecretary of State John Hay Buffalo SoldiersBuffalo Soldiers
– Seizing the PhilippinesSeizing the Philippines Commodore Dewey’s VictoryCommodore Dewey’s Victory Manila Bay Manila Bay
The Spanish-American War in Cuba, 1898.
19
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire War with SpainWar with Spain
– The Battle for CubaThe Battle for Cuba The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt Battle of San Juan HillBattle of San Juan Hill Kettle HillKettle Hill
Theodore Roosevelt
and the Rough Riders (Library of Congress)
21
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire War with SpainWar with Spain
– Puerto Rico and the United StatesPuerto Rico and the United States Annexation of Puerto RicoAnnexation of Puerto Rico Sugar EconomySugar Economy
– The Debate over the PhilippinesThe Debate over the Philippines The Philippines QuestionThe Philippines Question Treaty of Paris-Dec. 1898Treaty of Paris-Dec. 1898 Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the PhilippinesCuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines $20 Million Paid to Spain$20 Million Paid to Spain Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League Large Costs of an Empire and Burdensome TaxesLarge Costs of an Empire and Burdensome Taxes Election of 1900Election of 1900 Most Americans Favored National ColonialismMost Americans Favored National Colonialism
23
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
The Republic as EmpireThe Republic as Empire
– Governing the ColoniesGoverning the Colonies Platt Amendment-1901Platt Amendment-1901 Cuba Made into a ProtectorateCuba Made into a Protectorate U.S. Could Intervene to Protect Life and PropertyU.S. Could Intervene to Protect Life and Property American Economic DominanceAmerican Economic Dominance
– The Philippine War (1898-1902)The Philippine War (1898-1902) Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo Guerilla Tactics and Brutal WarfareGuerilla Tactics and Brutal Warfare 4300 U.S. Servicemen Killed4300 U.S. Servicemen Killed 50,000 to 200,000 Filipinos Killed50,000 to 200,000 Filipinos Killed Growing Economic DependenceGrowing Economic Dependence Philippines Finally Gain Independence in 1946Philippines Finally Gain Independence in 1946
25
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
Filipino Prisoners
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire The Republic as EmpireThe Republic as Empire
– The Open DoorThe Open Door Hay’s “Open Door Notes”Hay’s “Open Door Notes” Boxer Rebellion-1900Boxer Rebellion-1900 China Threatened by Western DominationChina Threatened by Western Domination Chinese Nationalists Wanted Expel All ForeignersChinese Nationalists Wanted Expel All Foreigners
– A Modern Military SystemA Modern Military System Root’s Military ReformsRoot’s Military Reforms
27
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
The American South Pacific Empire, 1900.29
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
The Chautauquas The Chautauquas
30
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
Populism Populism
31
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
America in the World:America in the World:
Imperialism Imperialism
Imperialism at High Tide: 1900
32
Chapter Nineteen: Chapter Nineteen:
From Crisis to EmpireFrom Crisis to Empire
The Yellow Dugan Kid (Library of Congress)
Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism
33