Al-Qaeda and September 11Al-Qaeda and September 11

Usama Bin Laden, b. 1957Usama Bin Laden, b. 1957 Son of Muhammad

Bin Laden

Family originally from Hadhramawt, now Yemen

Bin Ladin GroupBin Ladin Group

Father: billionaire construction magnate in Saudi Arabia

Mother from Syria

Bin Laden FamilyBin Laden Family

Came to Saudi Arabia in 1930

Close to House of Saud

Constructed roads, buildings

Worth $11 bn at death

Dome of RockDome of Rock

1969 Bin Laden Corp. repairs Dome of Rock

Damaged by Australian Zionist

EducationEducation Bin Laden raised with

Saudi princes

engineering – Abd al-Aziz University, Jedda

Bin Laden & PalestineBin Laden & Palestine

Studied with brother of Abdullah Azzam (later jihad leader, Afghanistan)

(Palestinian Islamists)

Support for MujahidinSupport for Mujahidin

Soviets in Afghanistan

From 1980:

Bin Laden chief Saudi fundraiser for Mujahidin

PeshawarPeshawar

1982 moves to Peshawar

With Azzam runs bureau of services (Maktab al-Khidmat)

CampsCamps

1986 Bin Laden establishes training camps in Afghanistan

Fights against Soviets

Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda

1988 makes database of trainees in his camps

Data “base” = al-Qaeda

19891989

Bin Laden breaks with Azzam, who is assassinated

Is called back to Saudi Arabia, passport withdrawn

Gives sermon on first Intifada in Jedda

Gulf WarGulf War

Bin Laden offers Mujahidin to Saudis for use against Saddam after invasion of Kuwait

Is dismayed by presence of US troops

Gulf War and SudanGulf War and Sudan

Is expelled from SA, goes to Sudan late 1991

Bin Laden uses construction works in Sudan as cover

Black Hawk DownBlack Hawk Down

Funds fundamentalists in Algeria, Somalia

Blackhawk Down (Mogadishu June 1993) (Md. Atef)

First World Trade Center BombingFirst World Trade Center Bombing

o First World Trade Bombing 1993

o Islamic Group of blind Sheikh

o Bin Laden pays legal bills of one defendant

Ramzi YusufRamzi Yusuf

Ramzi Yusuf (later Manila plot)

Cousin of Khalid Shaikh Muhammad

1995 assassination attempt against Hosni Mubarak

Afghanistan Again - 1996Afghanistan Again - 1996

Bin Laden forced to Afghanistan 1996

Aug. 23 Declaration of Jihad against Americans occupying the Land of two holy places

Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda Feb. 1998 Bin Laden creates

International Islamic Front against Jews and Crusaders

With Ayman al-Zawahiri of al-Jihad al-Islami

Calls for killing Americans

Al-Qaeda TerrorismAl-Qaeda Terrorism

Aug 7 1998 Embassy bombings East Africa

October 12, 2000 – USS Cole

US ReactionUS Reaction

1998: US launching of

Tomahawks on Khost, Khartoum

Ships stop refueling at Aden, Yemen

Plans 1999 covert operation against Bin Laden

Millennium PlotMillennium Plot

Al-Qaeda plan to bomb tourist hotel in Jordan

And Los Angeles Airport in 2000

Ahmd Ressam arrested at Canada border -

Hamburg CellHamburg Cell

1992 Muhammad Atta comes to Hamburg to study engineering

1996 joins al-Quds mosque

Grows beard, writes will

Atta and Bin LadenAtta and Bin Laden

Summer 1998 trains in Afghanistan

Oct. 1998 Atta returns, forms terror cell in Hamburg

Joined by Ziad Jarrah & Marwan al-Shehhi

Terror CellTerror Cell

May-June 2000 all three come to US for flight training

Receive $100,000 each from Mustafa Hasawi in UAE

Plan AssembledPlan Assembled

Nov-Dec. 2000 Jarrah visits Bin Laden in Afghanistan

Spring 2001 Atta flies to Europe to coordinate al-Qaeda network

Cells in PlaceCells in Place

Saudi muscle begins arriving in US

Khalid al-Mihdar & Nawaf al-Hazmi in San Diego (from Malaysia)

September 11September 11

Further al-Qaeda attacksFurther al-Qaeda attacks

Attempted– Richard Reid, shoe bomber

Carried out– Karachi– Bali– Mombasa– Casablanca– Madrid