B o ll. M a la c o lo g ic o | 24 (1 9 8 8 ) | (9 -1 2 ) | 2 4 3 -2 6 0 | M i la n o 2 4 -2 -1 9 8 9

Al B arash & Z. D anin

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF OPISTHOBRANCHIA OF

CYPRUS

^L-AAüs i n s t i t u

0stende ^ B o l i M a la c o lo i M ila n o 2 4 -2 -1 9 8 9

Al Barash(*) & Z. Danin(*)6 0 8 9 2

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF OPISTHOBRANCHIA OFCYPRUS(**)

A bstractSom e O p is th o b ran ch ia (3 5 ) a re listed in the p u b lica tio n s on m alacology o f C yprus. T he

n u m b e r o f O p is th o b ra n ch species increased (25) th ro u g h th e activities o f th e ex p ed itio n s o rg a ­n ized b y th e H e b re w U niversity -S m ithson ian P roject.

M o st O p is th o b ra n ch ia w ere co llected a t th e eas te rn side o f th e island, especially a t F am a­gusta.

M olluscan im m igran ts from th e In d o -P acif ic in to th e M ed ite rran ean w ere fo u n d m ainly on th e L evan t coast along Sinai, Is rae l an d L ab an o n . O n ly a few m olluscan species o f Indo -P acific orig in w ere co llected a t is lands as in C yprus: Trochus erythraeus (B r o c c h i , 1823 ), Rhinoclavis k o ch i (P h i l i p p i , 1 848 ), A spella anceps (L a m a r c k , 1822 ), Brachidontes variabilis (K r a u s s , 1848), M alleus regulus (F o r s k a l , 1 775 ), Pinctada radiata (L e a c h , 1814) an d only o n e species o f O p is t­h o b ran ch ia , B erthellina engeli G a r d in e r , 193 6 = B erthellina citrina (R u p p e l l a n d L e u c k a r t , 1828).

R iassuntoU n ce rto n u m e ro d i O p is to b ra i\ch ia (35) è rip o r ta to nella le tte ra tu ra m alacologica d i C ipro.

II n u m e ro d i spec ie si è accresciu to (a ltre 2 5 ) p e r m érito delle sped iz ion i o rgan izzate dalla H e b re w U n iversity -S m ithson ian P ro jec t. L a m agg io r p a rte d i specie è stata racco lta nella p a rte o rien ta le d e ll’isola, s o p ra ttu tto a Fam agosta.

L a im m igraz ione d i m o llusch i d a ll’In d o p ac ifico in M ed ite rrán eo riguarda essenzialm ente le coste d e l Sinai, Israe le e L ibano , m en tre solo p o c h e specie indopac ifiche sono state segnalate p e r C ip ro , cioè: Trochus erythraeus (B r o c c h i , 1 823 ), R hinoclavis k och i (P h i l i p p i , 1848) Aspella anceps (L a m a r c k , 1822 ), B rachidontes variabilis (K r a u ss , 1 848 ), M alleus regulus (F o r s k a l , 1 775 ), Pinctada radiata (L e a c h , 1814) ed u n ’unica specie d i O p is th o b ran ch ia , B erthellina engeli G a r d in e r , 1936.

The M ollusca of Cyprus have not, up to date, been fully studied. A considerable num ber of Prosobranchia have been recorded in the following publications: M o n t e r o s a t o (1899) — 22 species; F o d e r a (1961) — 33 spe­cies; D e m e t r o p o u l o s (1969, 1971) and D e m e t r o p o u l o s , together w ith H a d j i c h r i s t o p h o r o u (1976) — 115 species, T o r n a r i t i s (1987) - 195 species.

However, there are relatively few Opisthobranchia listed in these pub­lications — only 36 species (see Table 1).

W hile the shell-bearing species of Opisthobranchia have attracted attention , those w ith in ternal shells or the shell-less, have been neglected because of the difficulty of identifying them. The list of the Opistobranchia in the publications on the malacology of Cyprus contains m ainly shell- bearing species — 24, as against 11 species devoid of external shell.

(*) Telaviv U niversity - D e p t, o f Z oo logy - R am at Aviv - T e l Aviv, Israel(**) L avoro acce tta to il 16 ap rile 1988

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Table 1

O pisthobranchia in the publications on malacology of Cyprus (1899-1987)

W i t h e x t e r n a l s h e l l

Chrysallida do lio lum ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 )

Chrysallida excavata ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 3 6 )

O dostom ia m ichaelis B r u g n o n e , 1 8 7 3

O dostom ia conoidea ( B r o c c h i , 1 8 1 4 )

Phasianem a c la th ra tu m ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 )

Kleinella bulinea (L o w e , 1 8 4 0 )

T urbonilla lactea ( L i n n a e u s , 1 7 5 8 )

T urbonilla ru fa ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 3 6 )

Actaeon tornatilis ( L in n a e u s , 1 7 5 8 )

R ing icu la c o n fo rm is M o n t e r o s a t i , 1 8 7 5

R ing icu la a u ricu la ta ( M e n a r d , 1 8 1 1 )

L a c k i n g e x t e r n a l s h e l l

Aplysia fa sc ia ta P o i r e t , 1 7 8 9 '

Aplysia depilans L., 1 7 6 7

Thurid illa hopei (V e r a n y , 1 8 5 3 )

O scan ius m em branaceus (M o n t a g u , 1 8 1 5 )

Pleurobranchea m eckeli L e u e , 1 8 1 3

H ypselodoris elegans (C a n t r a in e , 1 8 3 5 )

G lossodoris gracilis ( R a p p , 1 8 2 7 )

Peltodoris atrom acula ta B e r c h , 1 8 8 0

Dendrodoris grandiflora (R a p p , 1 8 2 7 )

Ja no lus cr is ta tu s ( D e l l e C h i a j e , 1 8 4 1 )

Flabellina a ffin is ( G m e l i n , 1 7 9 1 )

Philine aperta ( L i n n a e u s , 1767)

B ulla stria ta B r u g u i e r e , 1789

H am inoea h yd a tis ( L in n a e u s , 1758)

H a m in o ea navicula ( D a C o s t a , 1788)

R etu sa trunca tu la ( B r u c u i è r e , 1792)

R etu sa u m bilica ta ( M o n t a g u , 1803)

R h izo ru s a c u m in a tu s ( B r u g u i è r e , 1792)

Akera bullata O F. (M ü l l e r e , 1776)

Clio p yra m id a ta (L i n n a e u s , 1767)

Clio cusp ida ta (B o s c , 1802)

Carolinia tridenta ta (F o r s k a l , 1775)

O xynoe olivacea R a f i n e s q u e , 1819

U m bracu lum m editerraneum (L a m a r c k , 1819)

A stim ulus for further exploration of the m alacofauna of Cyprus was provided by the Hebrew University — Sm ithsonian Institution Program.

The prim e objective of this project was to assess the role of the Suez Canal as a passageway for dispersion of biota between the Indo-Pacific and the M editerranean region. In order to achieve this objective, collecting ex­peditions were undertaken. These extended from the Gulf of Suez and Aqaba, along the Suez Canal to the M editerranean and including Rhodes and Cyprus.

The m arine fauna of Cyprus was investigated by the Project, over 23 days during 1967-1970:

Hebrew University, Jerusalem (HUJ) - 22-X-1968 to 19-X-1959 - 10 days

Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa (SFRS) - 23-VI-1967 to 26-VI- 1967; - 2-XI-1967 to 16-VI-1968 - 7 days.

Tel Aviv University (TAU) - 21-VIII-1970 to 27-VIIM970 - 6 days.The activities of the expeditions organized by the Hebrew University -

Sm ithsonian Project yielded a large am ount of molluscan species, inclu­ding species collected from Cyprus.

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The m alacofauna of Cyprus was enriched by 73 species of Prosobran­chia new to the Island, bu t the m ost impressive increase was in the num ­ber of O pisthobranchia. 24 Opisthobranchia species, new to Cyprus, were collected and the total num ber of species belonging to this group am ounted to 60 (see Table 2).

The composition of the Opisthobranchia recorded from Cyprus is, as today, as seen in Table 2 we know.

Table 2:The Composition of O pisthobranchia in Cyprus

R eco rd ed previously (1899-1987)

K now n a t p resen t

P y ram idellom orpha 8 species 14 species

B u llom orpha 11 species 17 species

A plysiom orpha 2 species 5 species

T hecosom ata 3 species 4 speciesSacoglossa 2 species 4 species

P leu rb ran ch o m o rp h a 3 species 6 species

N u d ib ran ch ia 6 species 10 species

35 species

N o te th e increased n um ber o f species k n o w n a t present against the 11 species recorded previously in th e literature

60 species

externa l sh e ll am ounts to

Most Opisthobranchia species were collected on the eastern side of the Island, in the area of Fam agusta, Koma tou Yialou, Boghaz and Cape Andreas.

Fam agusta was especially rich in species — 35 species. All the other areas (Table 3) contributed no more than 5 species each.

Table 3Collecting localities of Opisthobranchia in Cyprus

Fam agusta ............................................. 35 speciesA k r o t i r i ................................................... 5 speciesA yios Y e o ry io s .................................... 5 speciesK yrenia 3 speciesB oghas ..................................................... 2 speciesY ia lo u s a .................................................. 2 species

C ape K iti ...................................................2 speciesC ape A ndreas ........................................ 1 speciesK om a to u Y ialou ................................ 1 speciesD ekhelia ................................................... 1 speciesP e tu n d a P o i n t ........................................ 1 speciesC ape P y la ................................................ 1 species

3 5 of O pisthobranchia had been previously recorded from Cyprus, m ainly by D e m e t r o p o u l o s and H a d j i c h r i s t o p h o r o u ( 1 9 6 9 - 1 9 7 6 ) and T o r n a r i t i s ( 1 9 8 7 ) . Most of the o ther species ( 2 5 not yet recorded) were identified by the known specialists on O pisthobranchia: Dr. van J. A a r t s e n (Holland), Dr. N. E a l e s (England), Dr. H. G a n t e s (France) and the late Dr. H. L e m c h e (Denmark). The authors are much obliged and very grateful to them for their kind assistance.

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The coastline of Cyprus stretches for 750 Km and is much indented, containing m any areas th a t promise successful collecting of Mollusca.

Nevertheless, the num ber of O pisthobranchia collected is considerably less, for exam ple, than in Israel, where the M editerranean coasts extends for only ca. 200 km and where relatively few places are indented. The num ­ber of O pisthobranchia species known today from Israel is 148, almost three-fold the num ber known at present from Cyprus and still apparently far from complete.

The vast m ajority of the Opisthobranchia species listed in this paper belong, by their distribution, to the Atlanto-M editerranean region. The range of the great m ajority of them (45) extend beyond the M editerranean to the Eastern Atlantic, a few (5) are known also from the W estern Atlantic. Some species are also recorded from other geographical regions, in addi­tion to the A tlanto-M editerranean, namely the Indo-Pacific, East Pacific and Australia, bu t their occurrence there appears to be rare.

The Hebrew University — Sm ithsonian Project intended to determine to w hat extent the m arine fauna of the islands, such as Cyprus and Rhodes, is influenced by the phenom enon of m igration through the Suez Canal.

The hydrological conditions of Cyprus are sim ilar to those of the South-Eastern M editerranean, which seem to be most compatible for the species after their passage through the Suez Canal.

The surface tem perature of the sea around Cyprus ranges from 16°- 17°C i n w inter and 27°-29“C in sum m er ( E n g e l , 1966). The salinity is ca 3 9 % c , as in the South-Eastern M editerranean ( O r e n , 1966). These tem pera­tures and salinity do not differ from those of Israel, Syria and Lebanon.

Most m olluscan im m igrants (over 90 species) from the Indo-Pacific in­to the M editerranean ( B a r a s h and D a n i n , 1986), were found on the Levant coast of these countries, bu t only a few molluscan species of Indo-Pacific origin were found in Cyprus, i.e. Trochus erythraeus B r o c c h i , 1823 Rhino­clavis kochi ( P h i l i p p i , 1848), Aspella anceps ( L a m a r c k , 1822), Brachidontes variabilis ( K r a u s s , 1848), Malleus regulus ( F o r s k a l , 1775), Pinctada radiata ( L e a c h , 1814) and only one species of the Indo-Pacific Opisthobranchia ap­peared in the w aters of Cyprus, namely Berthellina citrina. ( R u p p e l l and L e u c k a r t , 1828) = Berthellina engeli (G a r d i n e r , 1936) that this species has a world-wide distribution . Out of the Indo-Pacific region, it is prevalent in the Atlantic and M editerranean coasts of France and is a rare visitor in Southern England. It is reported from various exotic localities, as far away as A ustralia ( T h o m p s o n , 1976: 167).

One of the factors presum ably causing the absence or extreme rarity of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in Cyprus m ight be the direction of currents in the M editerranean. The prevailing surface currents in the M editerranean ap­pear to drive the pelagic larve of molluscs in the direction of the continent. M igration tow ards the islands across the open area is possibly extremely difficult for the larval stage of the migrants.

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A nnotated list o f O pisthobranchia from Cyprus

Subclass: O P I S T H O B R A N C H I A Order: P Y R A M I D E L L O M O R P H A

Family P yram idellidae

Chrysallida indistincta (M o n t a g u , 1 8 0 8 )

D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: G r o s s u , 1956:169, fig. 4.F am agusta , 20-X I-1969 , 64 m d ep th , 1 specim en.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E a s te rn A tlantic: N orw ay , E ngland to G ibra lta r.

Chrysallida interstincta ( M o n t a g u , 1 8 0 3 )= Chrysallida obtusa (B r o w n , 1844).

D et: v a n A a r t s e n .Ref: N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1 9 7 9 :1 8 3 , p la te 4 5 , fig. 3.A k ro tiri 9-X I-1969, 73-82 m d ep th , 1 shell.

B lack Sea, Sea o f M arm ara, E as te rn an d W este rn M ed iterranean , E as te rn A tlantic : N orw ay, B ritish Is. to M orocco , C anary Is. M adeira .C h . do lich u n , C h. excavate

Chrysallida doliolum ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:111 Ayia N ap a - C yprus R ecord.R ef: N o r d s ie c k , 1 9 72 :89 .E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic: L usitan ian Sea, A zores, M adeira.

Chrysallida excavata ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 3 6 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:111 Ayia N a p a - C yprus R ecord.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1 9 7 2 :8 9 .Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed iterranean , E aste rn A tlantic: B ritish Is ., M orocco.

Odostomia plicata ( M o n t a g u , 1 8 0 3 )

D et: G a n t e s .Ref: G r o s s u i , 195 6 :172 , f i g . 8 6 : N o r d s ie c k and T a l a v e r a , 1979:188, p la te 45, fig. 24. F am agusta, 5 -III-1969 , 18 m d e p th , 1 shell.B lack Sea, Sea o f M arm ara, E as te rn a n d W estern M ed iterranean , E aste rn A tlantic : B ritish Is. to M orocco , C anary Is.

Odostomia michaelis ( B r u g n o n e , 1 8 7 3 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:111; X ylophagou - C yprus R ecord.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1 9 7 2 :1 1 4 .M editerranean : Sicily. R em ark? recen t (N o r d s ie c k , 1972 : 114).

Odostomia conoidea ( B r o c c h i , 1 8 1 4 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:111 - Ayia N ap a - C yprus Record.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:108.Sea o f M arm ara , E as te rn an d W este rn M ed iterranean , E a s te rn A tlantic: N orw ay, B ritish Is. to F rance , Spain, P o rtu g a l, M orocco , C an a ry Is., M a d e ira .

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Phasianema clathratum ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 )= Phasianem a costa tum (B r o c c h i , 1814).

D et: T o r n a r i t i s 1 9 8 7 :1 1 1 - Ayia N ap a - C yprus Record.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1 9 7 2 :1 0 0 .W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic: British Is to P ortugal, M adeira, C anary Is.

Kleinella bulinea ( L o w e , 1840)D et: T o r n a r it is , 1987:111 - C yprus R ecord.Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:130, p la te 24 , fig. 477; N o r d s i e c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:185, p la te 45. fig. 10.

A yios Y eoryios, 2 3 -V III-1970, 0-50 cm , shallow rocky lagoon, 1 shell; X ylophagou E as te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E aste rn A tlantic: M adeira , C anary Is.

Turbonilla gracilis ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 ) .= Turbonilla delicata (M o n t e r o s a t o , 1874).

D et: v a n A a r t s e n .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:136, p la te 26, fig. 522; N o r d s i e c k , 1972, p la te P. V II, fig. 10. Fam agusta, 6 -I I-1969, 64 m d e p th , 1 shell.

B lack Sea, Sea o f M arm ara, E as te rn and W estern M ed iterranean , E astern A tlantic: B ritish Is., F rance .

Turbonilla pusilla ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 4 4 ) .

D et: v a n A a r t s e n .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:137, p la te 26, fig. 528; N o r d s i e c k and T a l a v e r a , 1979, page 191, p la te

46, fig. 39.F am agusta, 7 -II-1979 , 37-46 m , 2 shells.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic: B ritish Is. to M orocco, M adeira .

Turbonilla lactea ( L i n n a e u s , 1 7 5 8 ) .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1969:7; T o r n a r it is , 1987:111 C yprus Record.Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:136, p la te 26 , fig. 523; N o r d s i e c k , 1972:122, p la te P . V , fig. 11. F am agusta Bay, b each co llection , 2 shells.

E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic: B ritish Is ., F rance to M orocco , A zores, M ade ira , C anary Is.

Turbonilla striatula ( L i n n a e u s , 1 7 5 8 ) . F i g u r e 1.

Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:137, p la te 26, fig. 529; N o r d s i e c k , 1972:132, p la te P. V I, fig. 15. F am agusta , 7 - I I I -1969: 37-46 m , 2 shells; 20-X I-1969, 64 m d ep th , one specim en.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , - E ndem ic in th e M editerranean .

Turbonilla rufa ( P h i l i p p i , 1 8 3 6 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:111; X ylophagou , Ayia N ap a - C yprus Record.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:129.Sea o f M arm ara, E as te rn an d W este rn M editerranean , E aste rn A tlantic: F rance , Spain, Portugal, M arocco , M adeira , C anary Is.

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Order: BULLOMORPHAFam ily A cteonidae

Acteon tornatilis ( L i n n a e u s , 1758)D et: D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1 9 6 9 :1 3 ; T o r n a r it is , 1 9 8 7 :1 1 1 C yprus R ecord .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972, page 7, p la te OVT, fig. 1; T h o m p s o n , 1976:106, fig. 49.Ayia Irin i, 1 spec im en , very ra re ( D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1 9 6 9 :1 3 ); L arnaka Bay ( T o r n a r i t i s , 1987): 112Sea o f M arm ara, E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic : Ice land , N orw ay to C o ngo , M adeira .

Family R in gicu lidae

Ringicula conformis M o n t e r o s a t o i , 1875D e t: D e m e t r o p o u l o s an d H a d j ic h r is t o p h o r o u 1 9 7 6 :7 8 - T o r n a r it is , 1 9 8 7 :1 1 2 C yprus R e­cord .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1 9 7 0 :2 1 7 , p la te 4 6 , fig . 8 8 ; N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1979 , p a g e 170 , p la te 4 3 , fig . 7.F am agusta , shallow sandy g ro u n d , 1 spec im en ; C ap e G reco , Ayia N apa.E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : F ran ce to A ngola, C anary Is.

Ringicula auriculata ( M e n a r d , 1811).D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:112; C ap e G reco , Ayia N a p a - C yprus R ecord.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:11.Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : F rance, Spain, P ortugal, M arocco , M ad e ira , C anary Is.

Family P hilin idae

Philine aperta ( L i n n a e u s , 1767) Figure 2.= P hiline quadripartita (A s c a n iu s , 1772).

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s , 1969:13 - T o r n a r i t i s , 1987: 114 C yprus R ecord ; D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:222, p la te 47, fig. 916; N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1979:171, p la te 43, fig- 14.Fam agusta , 15-11-1968, 37 m , 1 specim en; 16-11-1968, 73-82 m , 1 specim en; 5-III-1969 , 4 .5 m , 1 spec im ens; 6 -I II-1969, 64 m , 1 spec im en ; 20-V -1969, 13 m , 2 specim ens; 21-V -1969, 7-18 m , 1 specim en.A kro tiri, 9 -X I-1969 , 18-22 m , 1 specim en; A yios Y eoryios, 30-X -1968, 46 m , 1 specim en. E a s te rn a n d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E a s te rn A tlantic : N orw ay , B ritish Is. to S ou th Africa, M ade ira , C anary Is; Indo -P acific : R ed Sea, M au ritiu s , C eylon, P h ilipp ines.

Philine catena (M o n t a g u , 1803).D et: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:19, p la te I I I , fig. 3 ; T h o m p s o n , 1976:135.Fam agusta , 20-V -1969, 25 m , 1 spec im en ; A kro tiri, 9-X I-1969, 18-22 m d ep th , 1 specim en.Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlan tic , B ritish Is. to France, S pain , C anary Is.

Philine punctata ( C l a r k , 1837)D et: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:222, p la te 47, fig. 913.Fam agusta , 20-X -1969, 13 m d e p th , 1 specim en.M ed ite rran ea n , E a s te rn A tlan tic : N orw ay , E ngland .

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Family A glajidae

Aglajia depicta ( R e n i e r , 1 8 0 7 ) Figure 3 a , 3 b= D orid ium carnosum ( C u v ie r ) D e l l e C h ia j e , 1828.

Reí: P r u v o t -F o l , 1 9 5 4 :5 2 , fig. 9.F am agusta , 20-V -1969, 55 m , 1 spec im en ; 21-V -1969, 55 m , 1 spec im en .E as te rn a n d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed iterranean .

Fam ily B u llid ae

Bulla striata B r u g u i è r e , 1 7 8 9= Bullaria striata (B ruguière)

D e t: D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1969:13 - T o r n a r it is , 1987:113 - C yprus R ecord .D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:218, p la te 47, fig . 892; N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1979:173, p la te 43, fig . 25.F am agusta, 2-IX -1967 , 2 7 m , 1 shell; 16-11-1968, 73-82 m d e p th , 1 specim en; B oghaz, 23-X - 1968, 91-109 m d e p th , 1 specim en: L im assol, Ayia N apa.E a s te rn an d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : F ran ce to M orocco , A zores, C ap e V erde, W es te rn A tlantic : F lo rida , W es t In d ie s to Brazil.

Fam ily Scaphandridae

Cylichna crossei ( B u c q u o y , D a u t z e n b e r g a n d D o l l f u s , 1 8 8 6 )

D et: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:221, p la te 47, fig. 907; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:17, p la te OU, fig. 20. F am agusta , 6-III-1969 , 64 m , 1 shell; 6 -IV -1969, 91 m , 1 shell; 7 -I II-1969, 73 m , 1 specim en. E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed iterranean .

Cylichna cylindracea ( P e n n a n t , 1 7 7 7 ) .

D et: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:221, p la te 47, fig. 908; N o r d s ie c k and T a l a v e r a , 179, p la te 43, fig. 8 . A kro tir i, 9-X I-1969 , 18-22 m , 3 specim ens.Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : Iceland , N orw ay , B ri­tish Is. to Senegal, C anary Is.

Roxania utriculus ( B r o c c h i , 1 8 1 4 ) . Figures 4 a , 4 b .

Ref: N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:170, p la te 43, fig. 11; T h o m p s o n , 1976:124, fig. 62. F am agusta Bay, 28-V I-1967 , 37 m , 1 shell; 20-X I-1969 , 64 m , 1 specim en.E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E a s te rn A tlan tic : N orw ay, B ritish Is. to S ou th A frica, C anary Is ., M adeira .

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Family Atyidae

Haminea hydatis ( L i n n a e u s , 1 7 5 8 ) .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s , 1969:13, R o b in s o n , 1982:454 T o r n a r it is , 1987: 113 - C yprus R e­cords.Ref: P r u v o t F o l , 1954:81, fig. 19d; N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:176, p la te 44, fig. 35. F am agusta , 16-11-1968, 73-82 m , 1 shell an d 1 specim en; 6 -I II-1969, 64 m , 1 shell; 6-11-1969, 1 shell, 109 m , A kro tiri, 9 -X I-1969 , 55-64 m , 2 specim ens.B lack Sea, E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : B ritish Is. to M orocco , M ad e i­ra , C anary Is.

Haminea navicula ( D a C o s t a , 1 7 7 8 ) .

D et: G a n t e s , T o r n a t ir is , 1 9 8 7 :1 1 3R ef: P r u v o t F o l 1 9 5 4 :8 0 , figs. 1 8 b , c ; P a r e n z a n , 1 9 7 0 :2 1 9 , p la te 47 , fig . 893 .A kro tiri Bay, 23-V I-1967, 22 m , 1 specim en; 13-11-1968, 55 m , 1 specim en; 16-11-1968, 37 m , 1 specim en.M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : B ritish Is. to Spain.

Family R etusidae

Retusa truncatula ( B r u g u i è r e , 1 7 9 2 ) . Figure 5 .

D e t: D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1971:17; T o r n a r i t i s , 1987:113 - C yprus R ecord.D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970-219, p la te 47, fig. 897; N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1979:176, p la te 44, fig. 38.F am agusta , V -1972, B oghaz, o n th e b each , sandy g ro u n d shells.B lack Sea, Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic : N orw ay, B ritish Is. to Senegal, A zores, M ade ira , C anary Is.

Retusa umbilicata ( M o n t a g u , 1 8 0 3 ) .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l u s , 1969-13 - C y p ru s R ecord .D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:220, p la te 47, fig. 903; T h o m p s o n , 1976:115, fig. 56.F am agusta , 20 -X I-1969 , 46 m , 1 specim en .B lack Sea, Sea o f M arm ara , E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic : N orw ay, B ritish Is. to C ap e o f G o o d H o p e , M adeira .• R hizorus

Rhizorus acuminatus ( B r u g u i e r e , 1 7 9 2 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:113 - X y lophagou - C yprus R ecord.Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:37.E as te rn an d W e s te rn M ed ite rra n ean , E aste rn A tlantic : N orw ay, B ritish Is. to. F rance , Spain, P o rtu g a l, M arocco , Senegal, G u in ea , A ngola, C anary Is.

Fam ily A keridae

Akera bullata (O F. M ü l l e r , 1776)Ref: D e m e t r o p o u l u s a n d H a d j i c h r i s t o p h o r o u , 1976:78 - C yprus R ecord .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:219, p la te 47, fig. 895; N o r d s ie c k and T a l a v e r a , 1979:179, p la te 44, fig. 51.F am agusta , 15-11-1968, 55 m d e p th , 1 specim en; 73-82 m, 1 specim en; Y ialousa, 23-X -1968, 1 specim en .E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : N orw ay , B ritish Is. to Spain, C anary Is.

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Order APLYSIOMORPHA

Fam ily A plysiidae

Aplysia fasciata P o i r e t , 1 7 8 9 .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l u s an d H a d j ic h r i s t o p h o r o u , 1976:78 - C yprus R ecord.D e t: E a l e s .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1970:224, p la te 48, fig. 927; N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:179, p la te 44, fig. 50.A yios Y eoryios, l-X I-1968 , 0 .50 cm , shallow lagoon.E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : E n g lan d to A ngola, C anary Is ., Indo- Pacific : G u lf o f A q ab a , R ed Sea.

Aplysia parvula G u i l d i n g i n M o e r c h , 1 8 6 3

D e t: E a l e s a n d G a n t e s .Ref: K e e n , 1971:808, co lo u red p la te 19, fig. 3; B e b b in g t o n , 1977:94, fig. 2.F am agusta , 16-11-1968, 55 m , 2 specim ens; 5 -I I I -1969, 18 m , 1 specim en; C ap e A ndreas, 22-V - 1969, 38 m , 1 specim en.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn an d W este rn A tlan tic , In d o -W est Pacific, South A u stra lian region. «T his ap lysiid is k n o w n to have a c ircu m tro p ica l d is trib u tio n a n d occu rs in w arm shallow w a ters in all th re e o cean basins» : (T hom pson , 1977:112).

Aplysia punctata ( C u v i e r , 1 8 0 3 )

D et: L e m c h e .Ref: T h o m p s o n , 1976:157, fig. 87; N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:178, p la te 44, fig. 48. F am agusta , 16-11-1968, 55 m d e p th , 1 spec im en ; Ayios Y eoryios, l-X I-1968 ; in te rtida l, 1 spec i­m en.Sea o f M arm ara, E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E aste rn A tlantic: N orw ay, B ritish Is. to M orocco , M ade ira , C an ary Is.

Aplysia depilans L i n n a e u s , 1 7 6 7 .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s , 1969:13 - C yprus R ecord .R ef: N o r d s ie c k , 1972 :4 2 .O ccasional spec im ens from diving, from 60-100 fa thom s.

Notarchus punctatus P h i l i p p i , 1 8 3 6 .

Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:43, p la te O V II, fig. 22.F am agusta , 16-11-1968, 37 m , 1 spec im en , 55 m , 1 specim en,C ap e A ndreas, 22-V -1969, 118 m d e p th , 2 specim ens.E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , W este rn A tlantic : F lo rida , Jam aica, In d o -W est Pacific: J ap a n .

O rder THECOSOMATA

Family C avolin iidae

Clio pyramidata L i n n a e u s , 1 7 6 7 .= Euclio pyram idata (L in n a e u s , 1767).

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:114 - C ypros R ecordR ef: D i G e r o n i m o , 1970:111, p la te 5, fig. 3 ; N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1979:181, p la te 44, fig. 65.F am agusta , 7 -III-1969 , 73 m , l shell, cast asho re a fte r s to rm s a ro u n d th e islandE as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ea n , E as te rn an d W este rn A tlan tic , In d o -W est Pacific , E astPacific , A rc tic O cean : G reen lan d .T h e m ost d is tr ib u te d species o f th e T h eco so m ata o ccu rrin g in w arm , tem p e ra te an d even cold w a ters o f all oceans an d seas.

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Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802).D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:114 - C y p ru s R ecord , cast asho re a fte r s to rm s a ro u n d th e island.Ref: D i G e r o n i m o , 1970:74, p la te 5 , fig. 1; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:46.A egean Sea, W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , c o m m o n in th e A tlan tic an d Pacific.

Cavolinia tridentata ( F o r s k a l , 1 7 7 5 ) .

D et: T o r n a r it is 1987:114 - C y p ru s R eco rd , cast asho re after s to rm s a ro u n d th e island.Ref: D i G e r o n i m o , 1970:86, p la te 3, fig. 1; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:47.W o rld w ide d is trib u tio n , m ainly in w arm seas, in all la titu d es ex cep t th e p o la r zones.

Styliola subula ( Q u o y a n d G a y m a r d , 1 8 2 7 ) .

Ref: D i G e r o n i m o , 1970:111, p la te 5 , fig. 2 ; N o r d s ie c k a n d T a l a v e r a , 1979:182, p la te 45, fig. 7.K om a to u Y alou , 2 2 -X -1968, 18 m.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn an d W este rn A tlan tic , In d o -W est Pacific, E ast Pacific.W o rld -w id e d is tr ib u tio n in w arm seas, su b tro p ica l an d tropical.

O rder SACOGLOSSA

Family O xynoidae

Oxynoe olivacea R a f i n e s q u e , 1819. Figure 6D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s a n d H a d j ic h r is t o p h o r o u , 1976:78 T o r n a r it is , 1987:16 - C yprus R e­co rd .Ref: P r u v o t F o l , 1954:172, fig. 6 6 ; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:38, p la te O V , fig. 43.F am agusta, 5 -III-1969 , 18 m , 7 specim ens; 8 -I II-1969, 136-154 m , 6 specim ens; 20-V -1969, 26 m , 1 specim en; 21-V -1969, 13 m , 3 spec im ens; 27 m , 5 specim ens; A kro tiri, 13-11-1968, 18 m , 2 specim ens; 55 m , 1 spec im en ; 9-X I-1969 , 37 M , 31 specim ens; 55-64 m , 1 specim en.E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean . E n d e m ic in th e M ed iterranean .

Lobiger serradifalci (C a l c a r a , 1840).Ref: P a r e n z a n 1970:224, p la te 48, fig. 925; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:222, co lo r p la te , fig. 3. F am agusta , 15-V I-1968, 37 m , 2 specim ens; 55 m , 1 specim en; 82 m , 2 specim ens; 16-11-1968, 37 m , 3 spec im ens; 55 m , 3 spec im ens; 73-82 m , 1 specim en; 20-V -1969, 2 6 m , 1 specim en; 20 -X I-1969 , 18-27 m , 1 spec im en ; 91 m , 2 specim ens.E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed iterranean .

Family Elysiidae

Elysia timida (Risso, 1818).Ref: P r u v o t F o l , 1954:202, fig. 77; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:41, p la te 08, fig. 26.K yrenia, 2 6 -V III -1970, 4-6 m d e p th , 1 specim en.E as te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : F rance.

Thuridilla hopei ( V e r a n y , 1853).D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s a n d H a d j ic h r o s t o p h o r o u , 1976:78. C yprus R ecord.D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:222, co lo r p la te , fig. 6 , Sc h m e k e l , 1982:282, p la te 17, fig. 1. W es t o f K yrenia, 26 -V III -1970, littoral.E aste rn an d W e s te rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed iterranean .

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Order PLEUROBRANCHOMORPHAFam ily U m braculidae

Umbraculum mediterraneum ( L a m a r c k , 1 8 1 9 ) . Figure 7 .

D e t: T o r n a r it is 1 9 8 7 :1 1 6 .Ref: P a r e n z a n , 1 9 7 0 :2 2 5 , p la te 4 8 , fig. 9 3 3 ; N o r d s ie c k an d T a l a v e r a , 1 9 7 9 :1 8 9 , p la te 4 4 , fig. 5 6 .Y ialousa, 23-X -1968 , 1 spec im en in littoral.Sea o f M arm ara , E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E a s te rn A tlantic : Spain, C anary Is., C ape V e rd e Is.

Family Pleurobranchidae

Oscanius testudinarius ( C a n t r a i n e , 1 8 4 0 ) == Susania testudinaria (C a n t r a i n e , 1840).

D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:45, p la te O V I, fig. 17.F am agusta , 2 8 -III-1967 , 18 m , 1 spec im en ; 28-V I-1967 , 1 specim en; 6-III-1969 , 91 m , 1 spec i­m en .E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , W es te rn A tlan tic : Brazil.

Oscanius membranaceus ( M o n t a g u , 1 8 1 5 )= Pleurobranchus m em branaceus (M o n t a g u , 1815)= O scanius tubercula tus (M e c k e l , 1808).

D e t: G a n t e s .R ef: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:45, p la te O V I, fig. 16.F am ag u sta , 16-11-1968, 55 m , 1 specim en .M ed ite rran ean , E a s te rn A tlan tic : E n g lan d to Spain , W este rn A tlantic : D elaw are Bay.

Berthella ocellata ( D e l l e C h i a i e , 1 8 2 8 ) .

D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:45, p la te O V I, fig. 15.C ap e K iti, 2 7 -V III-1970, 1 spec im en , littoral.E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed ite rran ean .

Berthellina engeli G a r d i n e r , 1 9 3 6= B erthellina citrina (R u p p e l i ., an d L e u c k a r t , 1828); T h o m p s o n , 1976:167).

D e t: L e m c h e a n d G a n t e s .Ref: T h o m p s o n , 1976:167, fig. 95.C ap e K iti, 25 -X I-1869 , 1 specim en; K yrenia, 28-X -1969, 4 specim ens; Ayios Y earyios, 1-XI- 1968, rocky shore.M ed ite rran ean , A tlan tic , S o u th e rn coast o f B rita in , F ran ce , Indo -P acific : C en tra l W es t Pacific - P a lau Is ., N ew C aledon ia , J a p a n , C eylon, R ed Sea an d G u lf o f A den , F alse Bay in S ou th A frica, M au ritiu s , A ustra lia - n e a r Sydney.

Pleurobranchaea meckeli L e u e , 1 8 1 3 .

D e t: G a n t e s . D e m e t r o p o u l o s 1969:13 - C yprus reco rd Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:45, p la te O V II, fig. 26.F am agusta Bay, 16-11-1968, 55 m , 14 spec im ens; 73-82 m , 2 specim ens; 6 -I II-1969, 91 m , 2 spec im ens; 136 m , 2 specim ens. A kro tiri, 9-X I-1969, 109-128 m , 1 specim en.Sea o f M arm ara , E as te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic : C anary Is., Indo-P acific , R ed Sea.

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O rder NUDIBRANCHIAFam ily C hrom odorididae

Hypselodoris elegans (C a n t r a i n e , 1 8 3 5 )- H ypselodoris va lenciennesi {C a n t r a i n e , 1841)= G lossodoris va lenciennesi (C a n t r a in e , 1841).

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s an d H a d j ic h r is t o p h o r o u , 1 9 7 6 :7 9 - C yprus R ecord . N o r th coast, 15-50 m , rocky areas, 1 specim en.E a s te rn an d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E a s te rn A tlan tic : F rance , C anary Is.

Glossodoris gracilis ( R a p p , 1 8 2 7 )= H ypselodoris villafranca (R isso , 1818).

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s an d H a d j ic h r is t o p h o r o u , 1 9 7 6 :7 8 - C yprus R ecord . Ref: Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n 1 9 8 2 :6 8 , co lo red p la te 1, fig. 4.N o rth coast, litto ral, rocky area.M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : from Bay o f B iscay to C ap e V erde Is.

Family D orididae Subfam ily Discodoridinae

Peltodoris atromaculata B e r g h , 1880. Figure 8.D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s , 1969:14 - C yprus R ecord .D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:222, co lo red p la te , fig. 10; Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n , 1982:86, co lored p la te 3, fig. 1.A k ro tir i Bay, 13-11-1968, 18 m , 1 spec im en ; C ape Pyla, 27-X -1979, 1 specim en, littoral: D ekhe- lia, 24 -V III-1970 , 5 -6 m d e p th , 2 specim ens.E a s te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean . E n d em ic in th e M ed iterranean .

Fam ily A egiretidae

Aegires punctilucens ( D ’O r b i g n y , 1 8 3 7 ) .

D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:55, co lo red p la te in page 222 , fig. 11; Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n , 1982:99, co lo r p la te 5 , fig. 1.F am agusta , 5 -III-1969 , 18 m , 1 specim en.E as te rn a n d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : N orw ay , B ritish Is. to F rance. W est Pacific : Jap an .

Fam ily T riophidae

Kaloplocamus ramosus (C a n t r a i n e , 1 8 3 5 ) .

D et: L e m c h e .R ef: P r u v o t -F o l , 1954:323, fig. 127; N o r d s ie c k , 1972:55, p la te O X , fig. 15.F am agusta , 16-11-1968, 73-82 m , 1 specim en .E a s te rn an d W es te rn M ed ite rra n ean , E a s te rn A tlan tic : S o u th A frica. W est Pacific: Jap a n - w arm regions.

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Family D endrodorididae

Dendrodoris areolata B e r g h , 1880 Figure 9= D oriopsilla areolata B e r g h , 1880 .

D et: L e m c h e a n d G a n t e s .Reí: N o r d s ie c k , 1 9 7 2 :6 4 , p la te O X II, fig . 1.O p p o s ite P e tu n d a P o in t, 24-X -1968, 1 spec im en ; Vasilikos, 24-X -1968, 109 m 1 specim en. E a s te rn a n d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E aste rn A tlantic : F ran ce to Senegal, C ap e V erde Is. W e ­s te rn A tlan tic : V irg in Is.

Dendrodoris grandiflora ( R a p p , 1827).D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s a n d H a d j ic h r i s t o p h o r o u , 1976:79 - C yprus Record.D e t: G a n t e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972:65, co lo red p la te , fig. 2 1 ; S c h m e k e l and P o r t m a n n , 1982:136, co lored p la te 4, fig. 4.A yios Y eoryios (N o rth coast) 2 3 -V II I-1970, 1 m , u n d e r rocks; B oghaz, 2.5-VII1-1970, u n d er stones, 0-1 m,E a s te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E as te rn A tlantic : Spain, Portugal.

Family T ethyidae

Tethys fimbria L i n n a e u s , 1 7 6 7 .

D et: E a l e s .Ref: N o r d s ie c k , 1972, co lo red p la te , fig. 26; Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n , 1982:156, fig. 7, 107. F am agusta , 16-11-968, 55 m d e p th , 1 specim en.E as te rn a n d W este rn M ed ite rra n ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : P o rtu g a l, M orocco , C anary Is.

Family Janolidae

Janolus cristatus ( D e l l e C h i a j e , 1 8 4 1 )= A n tio p e lla cristata (D e l l e C h i a j e , 1841).

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s an d H a d j i c h r i s t o p h o r o u , 1976:79 - C yprus R ecord.D e t: L e m c h e .Ref: P r u v o t -F o l , 1954:375, fig. 147; Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n , 1982:177, co lor p la te 8 . K yrenia, 40 m , o n rocks; F am agusta , 55 m, 16-11-1968, 1 specim en.E a s te rn an d W es te rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlan tic : N orw ay, E ng land to France.

Family F lab ellin id ae

Flabellina affinis ( G m e l i n , 1 7 9 1 ) .

D et: D e m e t r o p o u l o s an d H a d j ic h r is t o p h o r o u , 1971:79 - C yprus R ecord.R ef: P r u v o t -F o l , 1954:413, fig. 161; Sc h m e k e l an d P o r t m a n n , 1982:190, co lor p la te 9, fig. 3.N o r th coast, rocky areas, 20-50 m , com m on , o n H y d ro id ea .E as te rn an d W este rn M ed ite rran ean , E as te rn A tlantic : G hana.

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Fig . 1 Turbonilla stria tu la (L.)F ig . 2 P hiline aperta (L.)F ig . 3 a , 3 b A glajia depicta (R e n i e r ) 2 5 7

2 5 8

Fig. 4a, 4b R oxania utriculus (B r o c c h i ) Fig. 5 R etusa truncatu la (B r u g u ie r e ) Fig. 6 O xyn o e olivacea R a f i n e s q u e

Fig. 7 U m braculum m editerraneum (L a m a r c k ) Fig. 8 Peltodoris atrom aculata B e r g h Fig. 9 D endrodoris areolata B e r g h

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R E F E R E N C E S

B a r a s h Al. a n d C h. L e w i n s o h n , 1971 - R ep o rt o n th e th ird C yprus ex p ed itio n , 1970. T he H e b re w U niversity - Sm ith son ian In s titu te J o in t P ro ject: B io ta o f th e R ed Sea an d the E as te rn M ed ite rran ean : 1-2.

B a r a s h AÍ. an d Z . D a n i n , 1986 - F u r th e r ad d itio n s to th e know ledge o f Indo -P acific M ollusca in th e M ed ite rran ean Sea. Sp ix iana, M ü n ch en , 9 , 2 : 117-141.

B e b b i n g t o n A ., 1977 - A plysiids from E a s te rn A ustra lia w ith n o tes on th e Pacific O cean A ply­sio m o rp h a (G astro p o d a , O p is th o b ra n ch ia ) . Zool. Soc. L on d o n . A cad. Press: 91-147, 26 figs.

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