J-7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis departamenti

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis

Tavdacvis erovnuli akademia

7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis

modernizirebuli avtomatebisa

da 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis

avtomatebis

(AKM, AKMC, AKMН, АК-74, АКС-74, АК-74Н

da АКС-74Н)

saxelmZRvanelo

Tbilisi

2007

2

J-7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis departamenti

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis

Tavdacvis erovnuli akademia

7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis

modernizirebuli avtomatebisa da

5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis

avtomatebis

(AKM, AKMC, AKMН, АК-74, АКС-74, АК-74Н

da АКС-74Н)

saxelmZRvanelo

Tbilisi

2007

3

nawili pirveli

avtomatebis mowyobiloba, maTi

gamoyeneba, movla da Senaxva

4

Tavi I

saerTo cnobebi avtomatebis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo Tvisebebi

1. 7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizebuli avtomati (nax.1a)

da 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomati (nax.1b) individualuri

iaraRebia. isini gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis

gasanadgureblad da sacecxle saSualebaTa dasazianeblad.

xelCarTul brZolaSi mowinaaRmdegis dasazianeblad avtomatebs

ukeTdeba xiSt-dana. RamiT, bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebSi

srolisa da TvalTvalisaTvis АКMН, АК-74Н, АКС-74Н avtomatebs ukeTdebaT RamiT srolis universaluri samizne

(НСПУ).

nax. 1 a. 7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizebuli

avtomatis saerTo xedi a. mudmivi kondaxiT (АКM); b. dasakeci kondaxiT (АКMC); g. mudmivi kondaxiTa da Ramis samizniT (АКMН).

5

nax. 1 b. 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis

saerTo xedi a. mudmivi kondaxiT (АК-74); b. dasakeci kondaxiTa (АК-74C);

g. mudmivi kondaxiT da Ramis samizniT (АК-74Н); d. dasakeci

kondaxiTa da Ramis samizniT (АКС-74Н).

2. 7,62 mm-iani avtomatiT srolisaTvis gamoiyeneba 1943 wlis nimuSis vaznebi Cveulebrivi (foladis gulariani), mgezveli da javaSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyviebiT, xolo 5,45 mm-iani avtomatiT srolisaTvis _ Cveulebrivi (foladis gulariani) da mgezveltyviebiani vaznebi. avtomatebiT xorcieldeba avtomaturi an erTeuli cecxli. avtomaturi cecxli srolis ZiriTadi saxeobaa. igi warmoebs mokle (5 gasrolamde) da grZeli (10 gasrolamde) jerebiT da uwyvetliv. srolisas vaznebis miwodeba xdeba 30 vaznis tevadobis savazne kolofidan. miwiszeda miznebSi, namdvili (efeqturi) cecxli АКM avtomatidan xorcieldeba 400m-mde, xolo АК-74 avtomatidan

6

_ 500m-mde manZilebze. srolis samizne manZili (АКM, АК-74) 1000 m-ia. pirdapiri gasrolis manZili samkerde figurisaTvis АКM-dan - 350 m-mdea, xolo АК-74-dan 440 m-mde. morbenal figurisaTvis ki АКM-dan 525 m-mdea, xolo АК-74-dan 625 m-mde. Tavmoyrili cecxli miwiszeda jgufur miznebSi xorcieldeba АКM-dan 800 m-mde, xolo АК-74-dan 1000 m-mde manZilze. TviTmfrinavebze, vertmfrenebsa da paraSutistebze ki (АКM, АК-74) 500 m-mde. srolis tempia (АКM, АК-74) - 600 gasrolamde wuTSi. avtomatebis sabrZolo swrafsrolaa: jerebiT srolisas – 100 gasrolamde, erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas – 40 gasrolamde wuTSi. _ 7,62 mm-iani avtomatis wona xiSt-danis gareSe vaznebiT aRWurvili msubuqSenadnobiani korpusis savazne kolofiT: АКM - 3,6kg; АКMC -3,8kg, АКMН-5,8 kg. xiSt-danis wona qarqaSianad - 450gr. _ 5,45 mm avtomatis wona xiSt-danis gareSe vaznebiT aRWurvili plastmasis savazne kolofiT: АК-74 - 3,6kg; АК-74Н - 5,9kg; АКС-74 - 3,5kg: АКС-74Н - 5,8kg. xiSt-danis wona qarqaSianad - 490gr. avtomatis Sesaxeb sxva monacemebi moyvanilia 1-7 danarTebSi.

avtomatis Semadgeneli nawilebi da meqanizmebi. maTi muSaobis principi 3. avtomati (АКM, АК-74) Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi nawilebisa da meqanizmebisagan (nax. 2a,b): - lulisagan lulis kolofiT, samizne mowyobilobiT, kondaxiTa da pistoletis saxeluriT; - lulis kolofis saxuraviT; - saketis CarCosagan gazis dguSiT; - saketisagan; - damabrunebeli meqanizmisagan; - gazis milakisgan lulis zesadebiT; - damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisagan; - salulisagan; - savazne kolofisagan. amis garda, avtomat АКM-s aqvs lulis quro an kompensatori, xolo АК-74-s lulis muxruWkompensatori. avtomatebis kompleqtSi Sedis: sakuTno, qamari da CanTa savazne kolofebisaTvis, xiSt-dana, dasakeckondaxiani avtomatebis kompleqtSi, garda amisa, Sedis avtomatis SaliTa jibiT savazne kolofisaTvis, xolo Ramis samizniani avtomatebis kompleqtSi - RamiT srolis universaluri samizne (НСПУ).

7

nax. 2. avtomatis ZiriTadi nawilebi,

meqanizmebi da maTi sakuTno a. АКM, b. АК-74

1. lula lulis kolofiT, damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmiT, samizne mowyobilobiT, kondaxiTa da pistoletis saxeluriT; 2. lulis

kolofis saxuravi; 3. xiSt-dana; 4. damabrunebeli meqanizmi; 5. saketis

CarCo gazis dguSiT; 6. gazis mili lulis zesadebiT; 7. saketi;

8. zumba; 9. salule; 10. savazne nolofi; 11. sakuTnos penali;

12. lulis muxruW-kompensatori( АК-74-ze):

8

4. avtomatis avtomatur moqmedebas safuZvlad udevs denTis

airis energiis gamoyeneba, romelic gaedineba lulis arxidan

gazis kameraSi.

gasrolisas, denTis airis nawili, romelic mihyveba tyvias,

gazis kameraSi miemarTeba lulis kedelSi arsebuli xvrelis

gavliT, awveba gazis dguSis wina kedels da ukuagdebs dguSsa

da saketis CarCos saketiT ukana mdgomareobaSi. saketis CarCos

ukan gadaadgilebisas ixsneba saketi, gamoaqvs savaznidan masra

da gareT agdebs mas, saketis CarCo kumSavs damabrunebel

zambaras da Seayenebs Caxmaxs TviTsasxletis fexze.

saketis CarCo damabrunebeli meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT, saketiT

brundeba wina mdgomareobaSi, amasTan, sakets gadaaqvs morigi

vazna savazne kolofidan savazneSi da ketavs lulis arxs,

xolo saketis CarCos TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli gamohyavs

Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis Sesayeneblidan. Caxmaxi dgeba sabrZolo

fexze. saketis Carazva (Caketva) xdeba misi sigrZivi RerZis

garSemo marjvniv mobrunebiT, ris Sedegadac saketis sabrZolo

Sverilebi gadadis lulis kolofis sabrZolo sabjenTa ukan.

Tu gadamyvani dayenebulia avtomatur cecxlze, maSin srola

gagrZeldeba manam, sanam daWerilia sasxleti kauWi da savazne

kolofSi aris vaznebi.

Tu gadamyvani dayenebulia erTeul cecxlze, maSin, sasxlet

kauWze daWerisas moxdeba mxolod erTi gasrola; Semdegi

gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia sasxleti kauWis gaSveba da masze

xelmeored daWera.

9

Tavi II

avtomatis daSla da awyoba

5. avtomatis daSla SeiZleba iyos sruli da arasruli:

sruli – gawmendisaTvis avtomatis Zlieri gaWuWyianebisas,

misi wvimaSi an TovlSi moxvedrisas da SekeTebisas.

arasruli – avtomatis gawmendis, SezeTvisa da

daTvalierebisaTvis.

avtomatis zedmetad xSiri daSla sazianoa, radgan aCqarebs

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis cveTas.

avtomatis daSla da awyoba unda moxdes magidaze an sufTa

safenze; nawilebi da meqanizmebi unda daiwyos daSlis

TanmimdevrobiT. aucilebelia maTTan frTxili mopyroba, ar

daiSveba maTi erTimeoreze dawyoba da zedmeti Zalisa da

mkveTri dartymis gamoyeneba. avtomatis awyobisas unda moxdes

misi nawilebis nomerTa Sedareba; yoveli avtomatis lulis

kolofis nomeri unda esadagebodes gazis milakis, saketis

CarCos, saketis, lulis kolofis saxuravisa da sxva nawilebis

nomrebs.

daSlisa da awyobis swavleba sabrZolo avtomatebze

dasaSvebia mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, nawilebTan da

meqanizmebTan mopyrobis gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilis dacviT.

6. avtomatis arasruli daSlis wesi

nax. 3. savazne kolofis moxsna

10

1) savazne kolofis moxsna. marcxena xeliT daviWiroT

avtomati kondaxis yeliT an saluliT, marjvena xeli

CavWidoT savazne kolofs (nax.3); ceris saketelaze daWeriT

gavwioT savazne kolofis qveda nawili win da movxsnaT igi.

amis Semdeg SevamowmoT, xom ar aris vazna savazneSi, risTvisac

davuSvaT gadamyvani dabla, davayenoT avtomatur `AB~ an

erTeul `ОД~ MmdgomareobaSi. gamovwioT saketis CarCos saxeluri ukan, SevamowmoT savazne,

gavuSvaT saketis CarCos saxeluri ukan, SevamowmoT savazne,

gavuSvaT saketis CarCos saxelurs xeli da davuSvaT Caxmaxi

sabrZolo fexidan.

Ramis samizniani avtomatis daSlisas, savazne kolofis moxnis

Semdeg, unda moixsnas Ramis samizne, risTvisac momWeri

mowyobilobis saxeluri gadaiweva marcxniv da ukan, samizne

avtomats exsneba ukan gadaweviT.

2) sakuTnos penalis gamoReba kondaxis budidan. marjvena

xelis TiTiT CavZiroT budis sarqveli ise, rom penali

zambaris moqmedebis Sedegad gamovides budidan; gavxsnaT penali

da amoviRoT iqidan sawmendela, jagrisi, saxraxnisi da

gamosagdebi, (garda amisa АКM-is penalSi aris sarWi).

dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali moTavsebulia savazne

kolofis CanTis jibeSi.

3) zumbis moxsna. gadavwioT zumbis bolo lulidan ise, rom

misi Tavi gamovides samiznis fuZeze arsebuli sayrdenis

qveSidan, (nax.4a,b) da gamoviRoT zumba. zumbis moxsnis

garTulebisas, dasaSvebia gamosagdebis gamoyeneba, romelic unda

Caidgas zumbis Tavis xvrelSi. zumbis bolo gadavwioT

lulidan da amoviRoT zumba.

4) avtomatze АК-74 lulis muxruW-kompensatoris moxsna.

gamomgdebiT CavZiroT lulis muxruW-kompensatoris fiqsatori

da saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT mobrunebiT

amovxraxnoT igi samiznis fuZis kuTxviliani Sverilidan

(lulidan). lulis muxruW-kompensatoris metismetad mWidrod

brunvisas dasaSvebia misi mobruneba gamosagdebis (zumbis)

meSveobiT, romelic idgmeba lulis muxruW-kompensatoris

sarkmelSi.

11

5) lulis kolofis saxuravis moxsna. marcxena xeli

CavWidoT kondaxis yels, amave xelis ceri davaWiroT

damabrunebeli meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis Sverils, marjvena

xeliT avwioT zeviT lulis kolofis saxuravis ukana nawili

da movxsnaT saxuravi (nax.5).

6) damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna. avtomati marcxena xeliT

kondaxis yeliT daviWiroT, damabrunebeli meqanizmis

mimmarTveli RerZi marjvena xeliT gavwioT win misi quslis

lulis kolofis sigrZivi kilodan gamosvlamde; avwioT

mimmarTveli RerZis ukana bolo (nax.6) da gamoviRoT

damabrunebeli meqanizmi saketis CarCos arxidan.

nax. 4. zumbis moxsna a. AKM, b. АК-74

nax. 5. lulis kolofis saxuravis moxsna

12

nax. 6. damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna

7) saketis CarCos saketianad moxsna. gviWiravs ra avtomati marcxena xeliT, marjvenaTi gamovwioT saketis CarCo bolomde ukan, amoviRoT igi saketTan erTad (nax.7) da movxsnaT lulis kolofidan. 8) saketis moxsna saketis CarCodan. aviRoT saketis CarCo marcxena xelSi saketiT zeviT (nax.8); marjvena xeliT gadavwioT saketi ukan, movabrunoT ise, rom wamyvani Sverili gamovides saketis CarCos figuruli Wrilidan da gavwioT saketi win.

nax. 7. saketis CarCos moxsna saketTan erTad

nax. 8. saketis moxsna saketis CarCodan

13

9) gazis milakis moxsna lulis zesadebTan erTad. avtomati

davikavoT marcxena xeliT, sakuTnos penali marTkuTxedi

xvreliT marjvena xeliT CamovacvaT gazis milakis Camketis

Sverilze, movabrunoT Camketi Cvengan vertikalur

mdgomareobamde (nax.9) da movxsnaT gazis milaki gazis kameris

milyelidan.

nax. 9. gazis milakis mobruneba sakuTnos penalis meSveobiT

7. avtomatis awyobis wesi arasruli daSlis Semdeg

1) lulis zesadebiani gazis milakis mierTeba. marcxena

xeliT daviWiroT avtomati, marjvenaTi gazis milaki wina

boloTi CamovacvaT gazis kameris milyelze da lulis

zesadebis ukana bolo mWidrod mivaWiroT lulaze; sakuTnos

penalis meSveobiT Camketi movabrunoT Cvenken misi fiqsatoris

samiznis kalapotis amonaWerSi Sesvlamde.

2) saketis mierTeba saketis CarCosTan. aviRoT saketis CarCo

marcxena xelSi, xolo saketi – marjvenaSi da igi cilindruli

nawiliT CarCos arxSi CavsvaT; movabrunoT saketi ise, rom misi

14

wamyvani Sverili Sevides saketis CarCos figurul WrilSi da

gavwioT saketi win.

3) saketis CarCos saketianad mierTeba lulis kolofTan.

daviWiroT saketis CarCo marjvena xelSi ise, rom ceris

meSveobiT saketi wina mdgomareobaSi gavaCeroT. marcxena xeli

movWidoT kondaxis yels, marjvenaTi SeviyvanoT gazis dguSi

samiznis kalapotis RruSi da gavwioT saketis CarCo win

imdenad, rom lulis kolofis gadanakeci Sevides saketis

CarCos kiloSi, mcire ZaldatanebiT mivaWiroT igi lulis

kolofs da gavwioT win.

4) damabrunebeli meqanizmis mierTeba. marjvena xeliT

SeviyvanoT damabrunebeli meqanizmi saketis CarCos arxSi.

SevkumSoT damabrunebeli zambara, gavwioT mimmarTvelis RerZi

win da ramdenadme dabla daSvebiT, SeviyvanoT qusli lulis

kolofis sigrZiv kiloSi.

5) lulis kolofis saxuravis mierTeba. lulis kolofis

saxuravi wina boloTi CavsvaT samiznis kalapotze arsebul

naxevrad mrgval WrilSi; marjvena xelis gulariT davawveT

saxuravis ukana bolos win da qveviT ise, rom damabrunebeli

meqanizsmis mimmarTveli RerZis Sverili Sevides lulis

kolofis saxuravis xvrelSi.

6) Caxmaxis daSveba sabrZolo fexidan da mcvelze dayeneba.

davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs da avwioT gadamyvani bolomde zeviT.

7) avtomatze (АК-74) lulis muxruW-kompensatoris

mierTeba. bolomde davxraxnoT lulis muxruW-kompensatori

samiznis fuZis kuTxvilian Sverilze (lulaze). Tu lulis

muxruW-kompensatoris kilo ar daemTxva fiqsators,

aucilebelia lulis muxruW-kompensatoris mobruneba (ara

umetes erTi brunisa), sanam fiqsatori ar daemTxveva kilos.

8) zumbis mierTeba.

9) penalis Casma kondaxis budeSi. CavawyoT sawmendela,

jagrisi, saxraxnisi da gamosagdebi penalSi da davaxuroT

Tavsaxuri, CavsvaT penali fskeris kondaxis budeSi (nax.10) da

CavZiroT igi ise, rom bude daifaros TavsaxuriT.

dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali inaxeba savazne kolofis

CanTis jibeSi.

15

nax. 10. sakuTnos penalis Casma kondaxis budeSi

10) savazne kolofis mierTeba avtomatze. marcxena xeliT

daviWiroT avtomati kondaxis yeliT an saluliT, marjvenaTi

savazne kolofis CamWidi SeviyvanoT lulis kolofis sarkmelSi

(nax.11) da movabrunoT savazne kolofi Cvenken ise, rom

saketela Sevardes savazne kolofis sayrdeni Sverilis ukan.

nax. 11. savazne kolofis mierTeba

16

Ramis samizniani avtomatis awyobisas savazne kolofis

mierTebis Semdeg masze unda mivamagroT RamiT srolis

universaluri samizne (НСПУ) : aviRoT avtomati saluliT,

SevuTavsoT samiznis momWeri mowyobilobis kilo iaraRis

Tamasas. rodesac davrwmundebiT, rom momWeri mowyobilobis

saxeluri ukana mdgomareobaSia, gavwioT samizne bolomde win

da davamagroT igi saxeluris bolomde win mobrunebiT.

8. avtomatis sruli daSlis wesi: 1) movaxdinoT arasruli daSla, risTvisac vixelmZRvaneloT

me-6 muxliT.

2) davSaloT savazne kolofi. marcxena xeliT aviRoT savazne

kolofi saxuraviT zeviT (amozneqili nawiliT Cvengan);

marjvena xeliT, gamosagdebis meSveobiT, CavZiroT saCeri Tamasis

Sverili savazne kolofis Tavsaxuris xvrelSi, marcxena xelis

ceriT gadavwioT Tavsaxuri cotaTi win. (nax.12)

nax. 12. savazne kolofis Tavsaxuris moxsna

gviWiravs ra saCeri Tamasa marcxena xelis ceriT, marjvena

xeliT movxsnaT korpuss Tavsaxuri, TandaTan gavaTavisufloT

zambara da gamoviRoT igi savazne kolofis korpusidan saCer

TamasasTan da mimwodebelTan erTad; gamovacalkevoT

mimwodebeli zambarisagan.

17

3) damabrunebeli meqanizmis daSla. marcxena xeliT aviRoT damabrunebeli meqanizmi, davdgaT mimmarTveli RerZi qusliT vertikalurad qveviT magidaze an sayrdenze, SevkumSoT damabrunebeli zambara qveviT, marjvena xeliT gavwioT moZravi RerZis boloebi da movxsnaT quro (nax.13); movxsnaT zambara mimmarTveli RerZidan; ganvacalkevoT moZravi RerZi mimmarTveli RerZisagan.

nax. 13. damabrunebeli meqanizmis quros moxsna

4) saketis daSla. gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT sarWi, romelsac damrtymeli da gamomgdebis RerZi uWiravs (nax.14) da gamoviRoT damrtymeli saketis arxidan; gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT gamomgdebis RerZi. marjvena xelis ceriT avWimoT gamomgdebis CamWidi (saketis centridan), SevakaoT igi saCvenebeli TiTiT da gamomgdebi zambarianad gamoviRoT saketis kilodan.

nax. 14. sarWis gamogdeba gamomgdebisa da damrtymelis

moxsnisas saketidan

18

5) damrtymel_sasxleti meqanizmis daSla: (daSla da awyoba xorcieldeba oficris an instruqtoris xelmZRvanelobiT). _ movxsnaT erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli, kavis Semnelebeli da sasxleti kauWi. marcxena xeliT daviWiroT avtomati lulis kolofiT, marjvenaTi gamosagdebis meSveobiT, davaWiroT TviTsasxletis berkets da gavacalkeoT TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli Caxmaxisagan; davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo fexidan; gamosagdebis wvrili boloTi avwioT sabrZolo zambaris marcxena bolo da TiTebiT gadaviyvanoT igi Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan; TandaTan amovaZroT gamosagdebi, marcxena xelis TiTebiT amoviRoT erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli, misi zambara, Semkaveblis zambara da Semkaveblis kavi; avwioT sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolo da TiTebiT gadaviyvanoT igi Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan (nax. 15).

nax. 15. sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolos gadayvana

Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan

marcxena xelis saCvenebeli TiTi mivaWiroT sasxlet kauWs

qvevidan, wamovwioT sasxleti kauWi zeviT da marjvena xeliT

amoviRoT igi lulis kolofidan (nax.16).

19

nax. 16. sasxleti kauWis amoReba lulis kolofidan

_ movxsnaT kavi: avtodamSvebis zambaris grZel bolos davawveT saxraxnis iT da gamoviRoT igi rgoluri gaCarxvidan. _ movxsnaT Caxmaxi: TviTsasxleti zambaris grZel boloze saxraxnisis daWeriT, gamoviyvanoT TviTsasxleti Caxmaxis RerZis wriuli Raridan da gamosagdebiT gadavwioT Caxmaxis RerZi marcxniv; gviWiravs ra Caxmaxi marjvena xeliT, marcxenaTi gamoviRoT Caxmaxis RerZi, movabrunoT igi ise, rom marcxena poWoWiki mimarTuli iyos savaznis mxares da gamoviRoT Caxmaxi lulis kolofidan (nax.17); movxsnaT Caxmaxidan sabrZolo zambara.

nax. 17. Caxmaxis amoReba savazne kolofidan

20

_ movxsnaT avtodamSvebi: gamosagdebiT marcxniv gavwioT

avtodamSvebis RerZi da gamoviRoT igi, amoviRoT avtodamSvebi

(nax. 18) mWidis sarkmlidan da gavacalkeoT isini.

nax. 18. avtodamSvebis zambarianad moxsna lulis kolofidan

_ movxsnaT gadamyvani: avwioT gadamyvani zeda vertikalur

mdgomareobamde, gavwioT marjvniv da movaciloT lulis

kolofs.

6) salulis moxsna (salule ixseneba iSviaT SemTxvevaSi:

sawyobis zeTis mocilebisas, avtomatis wyalSi moxvedris

Semdeg da sxv.). aviRoT avtomati marcxena xelSi saluliT,

marjvenaTi saxraxnisis an sakuTnos penalis meSveobiT

movabrunoT salulis Camketi naxevarbruniT win: orive xelis

ceriT (nax. 19) gadavwioT SemaerTebeli quro salulidan gazis

kameramde; gavwioT salule win da movxsnaT igi lulidan.

nax. 19. SemaerTebeli quros gadaweva

21

9. avtomatis awyobis wesi sruli daSlis Semdeg 1) salulis mierTeba. avtomati marcxena xeliT daviWiroT

lulis kolofiT, marjvenaTi mivadoT salule lulas qvemodan

da mivwioT igi lulis kolofisaken ise, rom salulis Sverili

Sevides lulis kolofis budeSi; mivaWiroT salule lulis

kolofs, CamovwioT SemaerTebeli quro saluleze da

mivabrunoT Camketi naxevarbruniT ukan.

2) damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis awyoba. (damrtymel-

sasxleti meqanizmis awyobis win, sxva avtomatis nawilebTan

misi nawilebis arevis gamosaricxad, aucilebelia SevamowmoT

erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis, sasxletis kauWis, Semneleblis,

kavisa da TviTsasxletis nomrebi).

_ mivaerToT gadamyvani: gvikavia ra avtomati marcxena xeliT,

marjvenaTi gadamyvanis seqtori kaviT SevitanoT lulis

kolofSi ise, rom poWoWikebi Sevides lulis kolofis

kedlebis RarSi, davayenoT avtomati `АВ~ mdgomareobaSi; _ mivaerToT TviTsasxleti: CavsvaT zambaris mokle bolo

TviTsasxletis Sverilis xvrelSi da savazne kolofis

sarkmlis gavliT SeviyvanoT TviTsasxleti zambarasTan erTad

lulis kolofSi, davayenoT TviTsasxletis berketi Tavis

adgilze da SeviyvanoT gamosagdebi marjvnidan TviTsasxletis

RerZisa da zambarisaTvis arsebul xvrelSi; marjvena xeliT

daviWiroT TviTsasxleti zambarasTan erTad, marcxenaTi

CavsvaT RerZi (nax. 20).

nax. 20. TviTsasxletis RerZis Casma

22

_ mivaerToT Caxmaxi: CamovacvaT sabrZolo zambara Caxmaxis

poWoWokebze maryuJiT sabrZolo fexis mxridan (nax. 21) da

gadaviyvanoT misi boloebi Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan;

daviWiroT Caxmaxi da zambaris boloebi marjvena xelis

TiTebiT, CavsvaT Caxmaxis lulis kolofSi marcxena poWoWikiT

savaznis mxares da SevuTavsoT misi xvrelebi lulis kolofis

Sesabamis xvrelebs;

nax. 21. sabrZolo zambaris mdgomareoba Caxmaxze

gamosagdebi msxvili boloTi marjvnidan SeviyvanoT lulis

kolofisa da Caxmaxis xvrelebSi, saxraxnisiT mivaWiroT

TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli bolo lulis kolofis

fskerze da gamosagdebi gavwioT win, lulis kolofis marcxena

xvrelSi gasvlamde; daviWiroT Caxmaxi marjvena xeliT,

marcxnidan CavsvaT Caxmaxis RerZi, gavwioT igi bolomde

marjvniv (unda gaismas tkacani); marjvena xelis TiTebiT

movxsnaT sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolo Caxmaxis sabrZolo

fexidan da CavwioT igi lulis kolofis fskerze.

_ mivaerToT sasxlet kauWze erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli

da sasxleti kavis Semnelebeli: avawyoT sasxleti meqanizmis

kvanZi: marcxena xelSi aviRoT sasxleti kauWi, mivuerToT mas

Caxmaxis Semnelebeli da marjvena xeliT gavwioT milisebri

RerZi Semneleblisa da marjvena kedelSi arsebuli xvrelebis

gavliT. marcxena xelis TiTebiT daviWiroT milisebri RerZi da

ar davuSvaT misi marjvniv gadaxra, movaTavsoT Semneleblis

zambara sasxleti kauWis kedlebs Soris grZeli boloTi maRla

da win; SevuTavsoT zambaris xvreli sasxleti kauWis marjvena

kedelSi arsebul xvrels, gavwioT milisebri RerZi marcxniv;

23

CavsvaT zambara erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis xvrelSi;

Semkavebel zambarasTan erTad marjvena xeliT movaTavsoT

sasxleti kauWis marcxena kedelsa da Semneleblis zambaras

Soris ise, rom Semkaveblis zambaris qveda bolo Sevides

sasxleti kauWis RruSi; marcxena xelis ceriT mivaWiroT

Semkavebeli sasxleti kauWis Rrus fskerze, SevuTavsoT

erTmaneTs Semkavebeli da sasxleti kauWis marcxena kedelSi

arsebuli xvrelebi, gavwioT milisebri RerZi manam, sanam misi

Tavi ar miebjineba Semneleblis kedels; gamosagdebis meSveobiT

SeviyvanoT zambaris grZeli bolo Semneleblis saketelas

kiloSi;

_ mivaerToT sasxleti meqanizmis kvanZi: movaTavsoT sasxleti

meqanizmis kvanZi lulis kolofSi Tavis adgilze, gamosagdebiT

gavwioT sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolo zeviT da davdoT

igi sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilze; lulis kolofis

marcxena mxridan CavsvaT sasxleti kauWis RerZi, gavwioT igi

marjvniv lulis kolofis xvrelisa da milisebri RerZis

gavliT bolomde (amasTan, TviTsasxleti zambaris grZeli bolo

unda mdebareobdes RerZis zemoT); gamosagdebiT SeviyvanoT

TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli bolo sasxleti kauWis RerZis

rgolisebr RarSi; marjvena xelis TiTebiT movxsnaT sabrZolo

zambaris bolo Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexidan da movaTavsoT igi

sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilze; TviTsasxletis Caxmaxisa

da sasxleti kauWis RerZebis boloebze gamosagdebis daWeriT

SevamowmoT TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli boloTi RerZebis

CaWedva.

3) saketis awyoba. zambariani gamomgdebi CavdgaT saketis

kiloSi da mivadoT gamomgdebis saTavo nawili raime sayrdens;

gamomgdebze daWeriT CavsvaT gamomgdebis RerZi saketis wamyvani

Sverilis qveS mdebare xvrelSi ise, rom RerZze arsebuli

amonaWeri mimarTul iyos saketis cilindruli nawilis mxares;

marcxena xeliT aviRoT saketi wamyvani SveriliT zeviT, xolo

cilindruli nawiliT Cvenken da SeviyvanoT damrtymelis

saketis arxSi didi amonaWeriT zeviT. wamyvanis Sverilis

mxridan saketis xvrelSi CavsvaT sarWi da bolomde gavwioT

igi.

24

4) damabrunebeli meqanizmebis awyoba: mivabjinoT mimmarTveli

RerZis qusli magidas (sayrdens); CamovacvaT zambara mimmarTvel

RerZze da SevkumSoT igi imdenad, rom mimmarTveli RerZis

bolo gamovides zambaridan; marcxena xeliT daviWiroT zambara,

marjvenaTi gavwioT moZravi RerZis boloebi, gavuyaroT erT-

erTi maTgani warmoqmnil maryuJSi da gavuSvaT zambara moZrav

RerZSi (nax. 22);

nax. 22. damabrunebeli meqanizmis awyoba

CavsvaT quro moZravi RerZis boloebs Soris, marcxena xeliT SevkumSoT zambara, marjvenaTi gadaviyvanoT moZravi RerZi vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, ris Semdegac nela gavuSvaT zambara quroze mis mibjenamde. 5) savazne kolofis awyoba. mivaerToT mimwodebeli savazne kolofis zambarasTan, zambaris Tavisufali bolos pirveli xveulis mimwodeblis nakecis qveS SeyvaniT; CavsvaT savazne kolofis korpusSi mimwodebel zambarasTan erTad; CavZiroT saCeri Tamasa korpusSi da daviWerT ra mas aseT mdgomareobaSi, CamovacvaT savazne kolofis sarqveli mis korpusze ise, rom igi Tavisi satacebiT mimagrdes korpusis nakecebze, xolo saCeri Tamasis Sverili Sevardes sarqvelis korpusSi (unda gaismas tkacani). 6) Semdgomi awyobisas vixelmZRvaneloT me-7 muxliT.

25

10. xiSt-danis mierTeba da moxsna

1) xiSt-danis mierTeba. amoviRoT xiSt-dana qarqaSidan. marcxena xeliT avtomati daviWiroT lulis zesadebiT da saluliT, samizniT marcxniv. marjvena xeliT xiSt-dana daviWiroT saxeluriT, CamovacvaT igi samiznis fuZis sayrdenze kiloebiT (nax. 23 a. АКM, b. АК-74), xolo АК-74-ze rgoliT muxruW-kompensatoris salule gvirgvinze saketelas mTlianad daxurvamde. 2) xiSt-danis moxsna. marcxena xeliT aviRoT avtomati, gadaviyvanoT igi vertikalur mdgomareobaSi; daviWiroT xiSt-danis saxeluri marjvena xelis saCvenebeli da Sua TiTebiT, amave xelis ceriT davaWiroT saketelas (nax. 24 a. АКM, b. АК-74) da movxsnaT avtomats xiSt-dana da CavdoT xiSt-dana qarqaSSi.

nax. 23. xiSt-danis mierTeba nax. 24. xiSt-danis moxsna

a. АКM; b. АК-74; a. АКM; b. АК-74;

26

Tavi III

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis, sakuTnosa da vaznebis daniSnuleba,

mowyobiloba

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis daniSnuleba da mowyobiloba

11. lulis (nax. 25) daniSnulebaa tyviisaTvis frenis mimarTulebis micema. lulas SigniT gaaCnia arxi oTxi naWdeviT, romlebic exveva marcxnidan zemoT da marjvniv. naWdevebs Soris Sualedebs mindvrebi ewodeba. or mopirdapire mindors Soris manZils (diametriT) ewodeba lulis arxis kalibri; АКM avtomatSi igi udris 7,62 mm xolo АК-74-Si 5,45 mm. bolo nawilSi arxi gluvia da aqvs masris forma; arxis am nawilSi Tavsdeba vazna da amitom mas savazne ewodeba. savaznidan lulis arxis naWdevian nawilSi gadasasvlels ewodeba tyviis Sesasvleli. garedan АКM avtomatis lulas aqvs kuTxviliani samiznis fuZe kompensatoris (АК-74-s lulis muxruW-kompensatoris) daxraxnisaTvis da milisebi, fuWi vaznebiT srolisaTvis; gazgamyvani xvreli, gazis kamera, SemaerTebeli quro, koris kalapoti da amonaWeri ukana QWrilze gamomgdebis CasaWidad. samiznis fuZe, gazis kamera da koris kalapoti lulaze wkirebis meSveobiT aris damagrebuli.

nax. 25. lula (orive iaraRisaTvis)

a. avtomatis lulis gare xedi; b. saxazino nawili WrilSi; g. lulis kveTi; 1. kuTxviliani nawili; 2. tyviis Sesasvleli; 3. savazne; 4. xraxni; 5. samiznis fuZe; 6. gazis kamera; 7. SemaerTebeli quro; 8. koris kalapoti; 9. amonaWeri lulis wkirisaTvis.

27

avtomatis (АКM) lulis kompensatoris (nax. 26) daniSnulebaa tyviis moxvedris SequCebulobis gazrda aramyari poziciebidan (moZraobaSi, adgilidan, dgomela da Coqela mdgomareobebidan) avtomaturi jerebiT srolisas. mas aqvs cilindruli nawili kompensatoris lulaze Casaxraxnad da wamonazardi ganivi WriliT. cilindrul nawilze ukan aqvs amonaWeri, romelSic Sedis fiqsatori, romelic aCerebs kompensators lulaze ukana mdgomareobaSi. Sverilis SigniT gakeTebulia gaCarxva. lulis arxidan tyviis gamovardnis Semdeg, denTis airebi, romlebic xvdeba kompensaciis kameraSi, warmoqmnis maRal wnevas, rac avtomatis lulis tuCs, gasrolis mimarTulebiT (marcxniv_dabla) gadaxris. garedan Sverils aqvs T-sebri Wrili, lulis wmendisas sakuTnos penalis Sesakaveblad. avtomatis (АК-74) lulis muxruW-kompensatoris (nax .27) daniSnulebaa tyviis moxvedris SequCebulobis gazrda da ukucemis energiis Semcireba. mas aqvs ori saTavsi _ wina da ukana (maTSi mrgvali xvreliT tyviis gamosafrenad). wina saTavss aqvs gvirgvini, romelzec ecmeva xiSt-danis rgoli misi avtomatTan mierTebisas, marTkuTxa kilo, romelSic Sedis xiSt-danis Sverili da ori sarkmeli denTis airis gamosasvlelad. ukana saTavss win aqvs ori naprali, xolo Sua nawilSi – sami sakompensacio xvreli denTis airis gamosasvlelad. ukan lulis muxruW-kompensators aqvs SigniTa kuTxvili samiznis fuZeze dasaxraxnad, amonaWeri, romelSic Sedis fiqsatori da wriuli cerobi, zumbis Cadgmisa da amoRebis gasaioleblad.

nax. 26. samiznis fuZe

a,b. АКM; g. АК-74; 1. sabjeni zumbisa da xiSt-danisaTvis; 2. cocia niSniT; 3. niSnis mcveli; 4. fiqsatori; 5. lulis quro. nax. a. (kuTxvili lulis

muxruW-kompensatoris dasaxraxnad nax. g); 6. kompensatori.

28

nax. 27. lulis muxruW-kompensatori 1. gvirgvini; 2. sarkmlebi; 3. naprali; 4. sakompensacio xvrelebi;

5. amonaWeri fiqsatorisaTvis; 6. cerobi; 7. SigniTa kuTxvili.

samiznis fuZes (nax. 26) aqvs sayrdeni zumbisaTvis da xiSt-

danis saxelurisaTvis, xvreli samiznis TavkavisaTvis, samiznis

mcveli da zambariani fiqsatori.

fiqsatori akavebs kompensators (muxruW-kompensators),

qurosa da miliss (fuWi vaznebiT) srolisas TviTneburi

amoxraxnisagan.

gazis kameris daniSnulebaa denTis gazis mimarTva lulidan

saketis CarCos gazis dguSze. mas aqvs gazgamyvani xvreli,

milyeli arxiT gazis dguSisaTvis da denTis gazis

gamosasvleli xvreliT.

SemaerTebeli quros daniSnulebaa avtomatTan salulis

mierTeba. mas gaaCnia salulis Camketi, qamris rgolaki da

xvreli zumbisaTvis.

lula wkiris meSveobiT SeerTebulia lulis kolofTan da

ar exsneba mas.

12. lulis kolofi (nax. 28) aris avtomatis nawilebisa da

meqanizmebis SemaerTebeli nawili, misi daniSnulebaa saketiT

lulis arxis daxurvisa da saketis Carazvis uzrunvelyofa.

lulis kolofSi Tavsdeba damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi.

zemodan kolofs exureba saxuravi.

29

nax. 28. lulis kolofi

1. amonaWeri; 2. amrekli Sverili; 3. gadanakecebi; 4. mimmarTveli

Sverili; 5. zRudari; 6. sigrZivi kilo; 7. ganivi kilo; 8. savazne

kolofis saketela; 9. sasxleti kavi; 10. pistoletis saxeluri;

11. kondaxi;

lulis kolofs gaaCnia: - SigniT - amonaWrebi saketis Casarazad, romelTa ukana kedlebic warmoadgendnen sabrZolo sabjenebs; gadanakecebi da mimmarTveli Sverilebi - saketebis CarCosa da saketis moZraobis mimarTvisaTvis; amreklavi Sverili - masrebis areklisaTvis; zRudari - gverdiTi kedlebis gasamagreblad; Sverili - savazne kolofis Sesakaveblad da TiTo ovaluri Sverili - gverdiT kedlebze savazne kolofis mimarTvisaTvis. - ukan zemodan - kiloebi; sagrZivi - damabrunebeli meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis quslisaTvis da ganivi – savazne kolofis sarqvelisaTvis; kudi xvreliT - lulis kolofTan kondaxis misamagreblad. - gverdiT kedlebSi – oTx-oTxi xvreli; maTgan sami damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisaTvis, xolo meoTxe – gadamyvanis poWoWikebisaTvis; marjvena kedelze - ori mafiqsirebeli amonaWeri - gadamyvanis dasayeneblad avtomatur

(AB) da erTeul (OД) cecxlze. - qvemoT - sarkmeli savazne kolofisaTvis da sarkmeli sasxleti kauWisaTvis. - garda amisa, dasakeckondaxian avtomats gaaCnia xvrelebi fiqsatorisa da kondaxis saketelasaTvis. lulis kolofze mimagrebulia: kondaxi rgolkaviT, pistoletis saxeluri da sasxleti kavi savazne kolofis

30

saketelaTi. Ramis samiznian avtomatebs marcxena gverdiT kedelze mimagrebuli aqvT Ramis samiznis misaerTebeli Tamasa. 13. samizne mowyobilobis daniSnulebaa avtomatis damizneba sxvadasxva manZilze myof miznebSi. igi Sedgeba korisa da samiznisagan. kora (nax.29) Sedgeba koris kalapotisagan, firfitisebri zambarisagan, samizne Tamasisa da CarCikisagan.

nax. 29. kora

1. koris kalapoti; 2. seqtori; 3. samiznis Tamasa; 4. CarCiki

(caluRi); 5. samiznis Tamasis fafari; 6. CarCikis (caluRis) saketela.

samiznis kalapots aqvs: ori seqtori _ samizne TamasisaTvis garkveuli simaRlis misacemad, yunwebi _ samizne Tamasis dasamagreblad, xvrelebi _ wkirisa da gazis milakis CamketisaTvis; SigniT – bude _ firfitisebri zambarisaTvis da foso _ saketis CarCosaTvis; ukana kedelze – naxevradmrgvali amonaWeri, lulis kolofis sarqvelisaTvis. samiznis kalapoti Camocmulia lulaze da damagrebelia wkiriT. firfitisebri zambara moTavsebulia samiznis kalapotis budeSi da iWers samizne Tamasas micemul mdgomareobaSi. samizne Tamasas gaaCnia fafari WriliT damiznebisaTvis da amonaWrebi zambariani saketelas meSveobiT dayenebul mdgomareobaSi CarCikis Sesakaveblad, samizne Tamasaze avtomats zemodan aqvs skala danayofebiT I–dan 10–mde; skalis cifrebi aRniSnaven srolis siSores aseul metrebSi. avtomats, garda amisa, samizne Tamasaze aqvs niSani `II~ _ koris mudmivi dayeneba, rac daaxloebiT АКM avtomatze Seesabameba kora 3-s, xolo АК-74-ze kora 4-s.

31

CarCiki Camocmulia samizne Tamasaze da micemul mdgomareobaSi saketelas meSveobiT Cerdeba. saketelas gaaCnia kbili, romelic zambaris zemoqmedebiT Sevardeba samizne Tamasis amonaWerSi. samizne Caxraxnilia TavkavSi, romelic damagrebulia samiznis fuZeze. Tavkavsa da samiznis fuZeze aRniSnulia samiznis mdgomareobis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi. avtomats ukeTdeba RamiT da SezRuduli xedvis pirobebSi srolis mowyobiloba (TviTmnaTi sacmebi). igi Sedgeba: farTo ganaWeriani dasakeci samarjvisagan, romelic yendeba samizne Tamasis SemzRudvelze; da farTo samiznisagan, romelic zemodan ecmeva iaraRis samiznes. mowyobilobis samarjvsa da samizne aRniSnulia TviTmnaTi wertilebi. axali nimuSis mowyobilobaze aRniSnulia TviTmnaTi zolebi: ori forizontalurad ganlagebuli – samarjvze da erTi vertikalurad ganlagebuli _ samizneze. mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis ukeTdeba avtomats da mowmdeba misi miRebisas jarebSi. dRisiT srolisas mowyobilobis samarjvi da samizne ikeceba qveviT. am mdgomareobaSi isini ar uSlis xels avtomatis samizne mowyobilobis gamoyenebas. RamiT da SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi srolisas, mowyobilobis samarjvi brundeba maRla samizne Tamasis SemzRudvelTan Sexebamde, xolo mowyobilobis samizne zambariT gadaiweva maRla da ecmeva samiznes. 14. lulis kolofis saxuravi (nax.30) daWuWyianebisagan icavs lulis kolofSi moTavsebul nawilebsa da meqanizmebs. marjvena mxridan mas aqvs safexurebrivi amonakveTi masrebis gareT gamosavardnad da saketis CarCos saxeluris samoZraveblad. ukan _ Riobi meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis SverilisaTvis.

nax. 30. lulis kolofis saxuravi

1. safexurebrivi amonakveTi; 2. naxvreti; 3. simagris wiboebi.

lulis kolofze saxuravi magrdeba samiznis kalapotze arsebuli naxevrad mrgvali amonaWeris, lulis kolofis

32

sigrZivi kilosa da damabrunebeli meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis Sverilis meSveobiT. 15. kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri saWiroa srolisas avtomatis moxerxebuli gamoyenebisaTvis.

AKM da АК-74 avtomatebis (nax. 31.(1) da 31.(2)) mudmiv kondaxs gaaCnia rgolkavi qamrisaTvis, bude _ sakuTnos penalisaTvis da firfita budis saxuraviT. kondaxis budeSi damagrebulia zambara penalis gamosagdebad.

nax. 31 (1). AKM-is kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri

a. mudmivi xis kondaxi (WrilSi); b. dasakeci kondaxi gadaxsnil mdgomareobaSi; g. dasakeci kondaxi daSlil mdgomareobaSi; 1. qamris rgolkavi; 2. bude sakuTnos penalisaTvis; 3. kondaxis firfita; 4. sarqveli; 5. sakuTnos penalis gamomgdebi zambara; 6. sawevrebi; 7. mxris sabjeni; 8. SemaerTebeli milisi; 9. WanWiki; 10. kondaxis fiqsatori; 11. SemaerTebeli RerZi; 12. sayeluri qamris rgolkaviT; 13. CaCi; 14. zambara; 15. sarWebi; 16. pistoletis saxeluri.

33

nax. 31 (2). АК-74-is kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri

a. mudmivi xis kondaxi (WrilSi); b. dasakeci kondaxi gadaxsnil mdgomareobaSi; g. dasakeci kondaxi dakecil mdgomareobaSi; 1. qamris

rgolkavi; 2. bude sakuTnos penalisaTvis; 3. kondaxis firfita;

4. sarqveli; 5. sakuTnos penalis gamomgdebi zambara; 6. kondaxis

fiqsatori; 7. kondaxis saketela; 8. zeda sawevi; 9. qveda sawevi;

10. mWidi; 11. buniki; 12. RerZi; 13. pistoletis saxeluri; 14. CarCos

samiznis misaerTebeli Tamasa.

34

AKMC avtomatis dasakeci kondaxi (nax.31a) Sedgeba ori sawevrisagan, mxris sabjenisagan, SemaerTebeli milisasagan WanWikiT, kondaxis ori fiqsatorisagan_SemaerTebeli RerZiT, sayelurisagan _ qamris rgolkaviT, CaCisagan, zambarebisa da sami sarWisagan. sawevrebi _ Tavisi yurebiT da sayeluri Camocmulia kondaxis SemaerTebel milisaze da damagrebulia WanWikiT. sawevris yurebs aqvT or-ori Rari kondaxis fiqsatoris SverilebisaTvis, romlebic aCerebs kondaxs gaxsnil an dakecil mdgomareobaSi. kondaxis fiqsatorebi erTmaneTTan SeerTebulia SemaerTebeli Reros saSualebiT da CaCze daWerisas gadaadgildeba marjvniv, xolo zambarebis zemoqmedebiT – marcxniv. avtomat АКС-74-is dasakeci kondaxi (nax.31b) Sedgeba zeda da qveda sawevrebisagan, firfitisagan, mWidisa da bunikisagan, romlebic SeerTebulia erTmaneTTan SeduRebis meSveobiT. kondaxis marjvena mxares, mWidze, moTavsebulia qamris rgolkavi. gadaxsnil mdgomareobaSi kondaxs ikavebs fiqsatori, xolo dakecil mdgomareobaSi – sakecela. kondaxis dasakecad fiqsatori unda CavZiroT (amasTan, fiqsatori gamova kondaxis bunikTan CaWidvis mdgomarebidan) da movabrunoT kondaxi marcxniv RerZis garSemo, kondaxis damagrebamde saketelaTi, romelic moTavsebulia lulis kolofis marcxena kedelze. kondaxis gadasaxsnelad unda gadavwioT saketela ukan da movabrunoT kondaxi marjvniv, fiqsatoriT mis damagrebamde. 16. saketis CarCos gazis dguSi (nax.32) gadascems moZraobas sakets da damrtymel-sasxlet meqanizms.

nax. 32 saketis CarCo gazis dguSiT

1. arxi saketisaTvis; 2. damcavi Sverili; 3. Sverili TviTsasxletis

berketis daSvebisaTvis; 4. lulis kolofis gadanakecis Rari (kilo);

5. saxeluri; 6. figuruli Wrili; 7. amrekli Sverilis Rari (kilo);

8. gazis dguSi.

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saketis CarCos gaaCnia: SigniT – arxi damabrunebeli

meqanizmisaTvis da arxi saketisaTvis. ukan _ mcveli Sverili.

gverdebSi – kiloebi saketis CarCos moZraobisaTvis lulis

kolofis gadanakecebze; marjvena mxridan - Sverili

TviTsasxletis berketis dasaSvebad (mosabruneblad) da

saxeluri avtomatis gadasatenad; qvemodan – figuruli Wrili

masSi saketis wamyvani Sverilis mosaTavseblad da kilo lulis

kolofis amrekli Sverilis gasasvlelad. saketis CarCos wina

nawilSi damagrebulia gazis dguSi.

17. saketis (nax.33) daniSnulebaa vaznis miwodeba savazneSi,

lulis arxis Caketva, kafsulis gatexa da savaznidan masris

(vaznis) gamogdeba. igi Sedgeba ConCxisagan, damrtymelisagan,

gamomgdebisagan zambariTa da RerZiT da sarWisagan.

nax. 33. saketi

a. saketis ConCxi; b. damrtymeli; g. gamomgdebi;

1. Wrili masrisaTvis; 2. Wrili gamomgdebisaTvis; 3. wamyvani

Sverili; 4. xvreli gamomgdebis RerZisaTvis; 5. sabrZolo Sverili;

6. ganivi kilo amrekli SverilisaTvis; 7. gamomgdebis zambara;

8. gamomgdebis RerZi; 9. sarWi.

saketis ConCxs gaaCnia: wina Wrilze – cilinduli amonaWeri masris fskerisaTvis da kilo gamomgdebisaTvis; gverdebSi – ori sabrZolo Sverili, romlebic saketis Carazvisas Sedis lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi. zemodan – wamyvani Sverili saketis mosabruneblad Caketvisa da gaxsnisas; marcxena mxares – sigrZivi kilo lulis kolofis amrekli Sverilis gasasvlelad

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(Caketvisas saketis mobrunebis uzrunvelsayofad boloSi kilo gafarToebulia,); saketis CarCos gafarToebul nawilSi – xvrelebis RerZisa da sarWisaTvis. SigniT saketis ConCxs gaaCnia arxi, damrtymelis mosaTavsebladdamrtymels aqvs sacemeli da safexuri sarWisaTvis. zambariani gamomgdebis daniSnulebaa – masris gamoReba savaznidan da misi Sekaveba lulis kolofis amrekl SverilTan Sexvedramde. gamomgdebs CamWidi masris Casatacad gaaCnia bude zambarisaTvis da amonaWeri RerZisaTvis. sarWis daniSnulebaa – damrtymelisa da gamomgdebis RerZis damagreba. 18. damabrunebeli meqanizmis (nax.34) daniSnulebaa saketis CarCos saketianad dabruneba wina mdgomareobaSi. igi Sedgeba dasabrunebeli zambarisagan, mimmarTveli RerZisagan, moZravi RerZisa da qurosagan. mimmarTvel RerZs ukana boloze gaaCnia sayrdeni zambarisaTvis, Sverilebiani qusli lulis kolofTan SesaerTeblad da Sverili, lulis kolofis sarqvelis Sesakaveblad. moZrav RerZs wina boloze gaaCnia nakecebi quros Camosacmelad.

nax. 34. damabrunebeli meqanizmi

1. damabrunebeli zabmara; 2. mimmarTveli RerZi; 3. moZravi RerZi;

4. quro.

19. gazis milaki lulis zesadebiT (nax.35) Sedgeba gazis

milakisagan, wina da ukana SemaerTebeli qurosagan, lulis

zesadebisagan, liTonis naxevarrgolisa da firfitisebri

zambarisagan.

gazis milakis daniSnulebaa – gazis dguSis moZraobis

mimarTva. mas gaaCnia mimmarTveli wiboebi. wina boloTi gazis

milaki ecmeva gazis kameris milyelze.

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nax. 35. gazis milaki lulis zesadebiT

1. gazis milaki; 2. mimmarTveli wiboebi gazis dguSisaTvis; 3. wina

SemaerTebeli quro; 4. lulis zesadebi; 5. ukana SemaerTebeli quro; 6. Sverili; 7. firfitisebri zambara (AKM –s ar aqvs)

lulis zesadebis daniSnulebaa srolis dros meavtomatis xelebis dacva damwvrobisagan. avtomats igi SeiZleba hqondes xis an plastmasis. lulis zesadebi damagrebulia gazis milakze wina da ukana SemaerTebeli quroebis meSveobiT. ukana SemaerTebel quros gaaCnia Sverili, romelsac eyrdnoba gazis milakis bolo; firfitisebri zambara gamoricxavs milakis ganiv ryevas. 20. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis (nax.36) daniSnulebaa Caxmaxis daSveba sabrZolo an TviTsasxletis fexidan, damrtymelze dartyma, avtomaturi an erTeuli cecxlis uzrunvelyofa, srolis Sewyveta, gasrolis Tavidan acileba gaxsnili saketisas da avtomatis mcvelze dayeneba. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi Tavsdeba lulis kolofSi, sadac magrdeba sami urTierTSemcvleli RerZiT da Sedgeba sabrZolo zambariani Caxmaxisagan, zambariani Caxmaxis Semneleblisagan, sasxleti kauWisagan, zambariani TviTsasxletisagan, gadamyvanisa da milisebri RerZisagan. sabrZolo zambariani Caxmaxis daniSnulebaa damrtymelze dartyma. Caxmaxze moTavsebulia sabrZolo fexi, poWoWikebi da xvreli RerZisaTvis. sabrZolo zambara ecmeva Caxmaxis poWoWikebs da Tavisi maryuJiT axdens zemoqmedebas Caxmaxze, xolo boloebiT – sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilebze. Caxmaxis Semneleblis daniSnulebaa Caxmaxis win moZraobis Seneleba moxvedrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, myari mdgomareobidan avtomaturi srolisas gaxsnisas. mas gaaCnia wina da ukana Sverilebi, xvreli RerZisaTvis, zambara da saketela.

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nax. 36. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebi

a. Caxmaxi, b. sabrZolo zambara; g. sasxleti kauWi; d. erTeuli

cecxlis Semkavebeli; e. TviTsasxleti. v. TviTsasxletis zambara;

z. gadamyvani; T. RerZebi; i. erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis zambara; k. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli; l. Caxmaxis Semneleblis zambara; m. milisebri

RerZi (AK-74-ze); 1. sabrZolo fexi. 2. TviTsasxletis fexi.

3. gadakecili boloebi; 4. maryuJi. 5. figuruli Wrili; 6. marTkuTxa Sverilebi; 7. bolo; 8. amonaWeri; 9. Semkavebeli; 10. berketi;

11. saketela; 12. wina Sverili; 13. seqtori; 14. poWoWiki.

sasxleti kauWis daniSnulebaa – Caxmaxis Sekaveba

sabrZolo fexze da Caxmaxis daSveba. mas gaaCnia figuruli

Sverili, xvreli RerZisaTvis, marTkuTxa Sverilebi da kudi

Tavisi figuruli SveriliT, romelic akavebs Caxmaxs sabrZolo

fexze.

erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis daniSnulebaa gasrolis Semdeg

Caxmaxis Sekaveba ukidures ukana mdgomareobaSi im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu erTeuli cecxliT srolisas sasxleti ar iqna gaSvebuli.

igi ganTavsebulia erT RerZze sasxlet kauWTan. erTeulis

cecxlis Semkavebels gaaCnia zambara, xvreli RerZisaTvis da

amonaWeri, romelSic Sedis gadamyvanis seqtori avtomaturi

cecxliT srolisas da Wedavs Semkavebels. amas garda, amonaWeri

zRudavs seqtoris win mobrunebas gadamyvanis mcvelze

dayenebisas.

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TviTsasxletis daniSnulebaa jeriT srolisas Caxmaxis

gaTavisufleba TviTsasxletis fexidan, agreTve daSvebis Tavidan

acileba lulis arxisa da saketis gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi

yofnisas. mas gaaCnia Semkavebeli _ Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis

fexze Sesakaveblad, berketi _ saketis CarCos SveriliT,

TviTsasxletis mosabruneblad misi wina mdgomareobamde

misvlisas da zambara.

TviTsasxletTan erT RerZze mdebareobs misi zambara. mokle

boloTi igi SeerTebulia TviTsasxletTan, xolo misi grZeli

bolo gadis lulis kolofis marcxena kedlis gaswvriv da

Sedis TviTsasxletis, Caxmaxisa da sasxleti kauWis RerZebze

ganlagebul rgolisebr RarebSi da akavebs RerZebs

gamovardnisagan.

gadamyvanis daniSnulebaa - avtomatis dayeneba avtomatur an

erTeul cecxlsa da, agreTve, mcvelebze. mas gaaCnia seqtori

poWoWikebiT, romlebic Tavsdeba lulis kolofis kedlis

xvrelebSi. gadamyvanis qveda mdgomareoba aRniSnavs mis

dayenebas erTeul cecxlze (ОД), Sua - avtomatur cecxlze

(AB) da zeda - mcvelze.

21. salulis (nax.37. a-AKM, b-АК-74) daniSnulebaa –

moqmedebis moxerxebulobis uzrunvelyofa da meavtomatis

xelebis dacva damwvrobisagan. avtomats igi SeiZleba hqondes

xis an plastmasis. lulaze salule magrdeba qvemodan,

SemaerTebeli quros meSveobiT da lulis kolofze – Sverilis

meSveobiT, romelic Sedis lulis kolofis budeSi. salulis

tanSi moTavsebulia gamWoli xvreli zumbisaTvis. salulis

ukana nawilSi aris amonaWrebi da Rru, romelSic Tavsdeba

zambara. zambara icavs salules sigrZivi ryevisagan. amonaWrebi

salulesa da lulis kolofze srolisas qmnian sarkmlebs,

lulis da gazis milakis gagrilebisaTvis. plastmasis salules

aqvs liTonis ekrani, romlis daniSnulebaa srolisas salulis

gaxurebis Semcireba.

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nax. 37. salule a. AKM; b. АК-74;

1. TiTebis sabjeni; 2. Sverili; 3. AKM–ze foladis Suasadebi, АК-74-ze firfitisebri zambara; 4. AKM–ze Wrilebi, АК-74-ze xvreli zumbisaTvis. 22. savazne kolofSi (nax.38) Tavsdeba vaznebi da iqidan xdeba maTi miwodeba lulis kolofSi. savazne kolofi Sedgeba plastmasis (liTonis) korpusisagan, saxuravisagan, saCeri Tamasisagan, zambarisa da mimwodeblisagan. savazne kolofis korpusi aerTebs mis yvela nawils; savazne kolofis gverdiT kedlebs zemodan (yelze) aqvT nakecebi _ vaznebis gadmovardnis Tavidan asacileblad da Sverilebi, romlebic zRudaven mimwodeblis awevas, wina kedelze mas gaaCnia CamWidi, xolo ukana kedelze – sayrdeni Sverili, romelTa meSveobiTac savazne kolofi magrdeba lulis kolofze. korpusis ukana kedelze, qvemoT, moTavsebulia sakontrolo xvreli, savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvis sisrulis gansazRvrisaTvis. qvevidan korpusi ixureba saxuraviT, romelSic moTavsebulia xvreli, saCeri Tamasis amosaSverad.

nax. 38. savazne kolofi

1. korpusi; 2. saxuravi; 3. saCeri Tamasa; 4. zambara; 5. mimwodebeli; 6. sayrdeni Sverili; 7. CamWidi.

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korpusis SigniT moTavsebulia mimwodebeli da zambara saCeri TamasiT. mimwodebeli damagrebulia zambaris zeda boloze mimwodeblis marjvena kedelze arsebuli SigniTa nakecis meSveobiT. mimwodebels gaaCnia Sverili, romelic uzrunvelyofs savazne kolofSi vaznebis Wadrakisebur ganlagebas. saCeri Tamasa ar exsneba zambaris qveda bolos da Tavisi SveriliT ar aZlevs savazne kolofs gadaadgilebis saSualebas. 23. xiSt-dana (nax.39) uerTdeba avtomats brZolaSi mowinaaRmdegis dasazianeblad. amas garda, igi gamoiyeneba, rogorc dana, xerxi (liTonis gasaxerxad) da makrateli (mavTulis saWrelad). eleqtrodenebi gamtarebi unda gaiWras saTiTaod, risTvisac xiSt-danas winaswar unda movxsnaT qamari, xolo qarqaSs_sakidari. gamtaris gaWrisas Tvalyuri unda vadevnoT imas, rom xeli ar Seexos xiSt-danisa da qarqaSis liTonis zedapirs. daeleqtroebuli mavTulis gadaRobvebSi gasasvlelebis gakeTeba xiSt-danis meSveobiT ar daiSveba.

nax. 39. xiSt-dana a. piri; b. tari;

1. mWreli kide; 2. xerxi; 3. alesili nawiburi (piri); 4. naxvreti;

5. qamari; 6. rgoli; 7. CamWidi qamrisaTvis; 8. liTonis buniki; 9. maerTebeli xraxni; 10. sigrZivi kiloebi; 11. saketela.

xiSt-dana Sedgeba pirisa da tarisagan. pirze ganlagebulia

mWreli kide, xerxi, alesili nawiburi, romelic qarqaSTan

erTad gamoiyeneba makratlis saxiT, naxvreti, romelSic idgmeba

qarqaSis Sveril-RerZi.

taris daniSnulebaa moqmedebis moxerxebulobis

uzrunvelyofa. misi meSveobiT xiSt-dana magrdeba avtomatze.

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tarze ganlagebulia: qamari, xiSt-danis moxerxebuli

xmarebisaTvis; winidan rgoli da Sverili lulis

kompensatorTan (muxruW-kompensatorTan) misaerTeblad da

CamWidi qamrisaTvis; ukan _ liTonis buniki, maerTebeli

xraxniT. bunikze aris sagrZivi kiloebi, romlebiTac xiSt-dana

ecmeva samiznis fuZis sayrdenis Sesabamis Sverilebs, saketela,

mcveli, Sverili da xvreli qamrisaTvis.

nax. 40. qarqaSi

1. sakidi Sesakvreli yulfiT da sakidi karabiniT; 2. plastmasis

korpusi; 3. Sveril-RerZi; 4. sayrdeni; 5. firfitisebri zambaris

fiqsatori.

qarqaSs (nax.40) xmaroben xiSt-danis welis qamarze

satareblad. amas garda, igi gamoiyeneba xiSt-danasTan erTad

mavTulis saWrelad. qarqaSs gaaCnia yulfiani sakidi, Sveril-

RerZi, sayrdeni, xiSt-danis mobrunebis SesazRudad misi

makratlis saxiT gamoyenebisas; SigniT qarqaSs gaaCnia

firfitisebri zambara da xiSt-danis gamovardnisagan Semkavebeli

fiqsatoriT.

avtomatis sakuTno

24. sakuTno (nax. 41a,b) gamoiyeneba avtomatis daSlis, awyobis, wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis, agreTve savazne kolofis vaznebiT daCqarebuli aRWurvis. sakuTnos kompleqtSi Sedis zumba, sawmendela, jagrisi, saxraxnisi, gamosagdebi, sarWi AKM-ze, penali, sazeTuri, mWidebi da gadamyvani АК-74-ze. zumba gamoiyeneba lulis arxis, agreTve avtomatis nawilebis arxebisa da Rruebis wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis. mas gaaCnia Tavi xvreliT magdebelasaTvis, kuTxvili sawmendelas an jagrisis daxraxnisaTvis.

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sawmendela gamoiyeneba lulis arxis, avtomatis sxva nawilebis wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis. mas gaaCnia Tavi xvreliT magdebelasaTvis, kuTxvili sawmendelas an jagrisis daxraxnisaTvis. jagrisi gamoiyeneba lulis arxis lulis gasawmendi xsnariT (lgx) gawmendisaTvis.

nax. 41. sakuTno a. AKM; b. АК-74;

1. zumba; 2. sawmendela; 3. jagrisi; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. magdebela;

6. penali; 7. saxuravi; 8. sazeTuri; 9. sarWi AKM-Tvis, mWidi АК-74-Tvis; 10. gadamyvani. saxraxnisi da magdebela gamoiyeneba avtomatis daSlisa da awyobisas. amonaWeri saxraxnisis bolos gankuTvnilia samiznis daxraxnisa da amoxraxnisaTvis, xolo gverdiTi Wrili – zumbaze sawmendelas mimagrebisaTvis. saxraxnisis moxerxebuli gamoyenebisaTvis igi idgmeba penalis gverdiT xvrelebSi. lulis arxis wmendisas saxraxnisi ideba penalSi, zumbis Tavis zemoT. penali gamoiyeneba sawmendelas, jagrisis, saxraxnisis, magdebelasa da sarWis Sesanaxad. igi ixureba TavsaxuriT.

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penali gamoiyeneba saxraxnisis saxeluris saxiT, samiznis daxraxnisa da amoxraxnisas da gazis milakis Camketis mosabruneblad, agreTve rogorc saxeluri zumbisaTvis. penals gaaCnia gamWoli xvrelebi, romlebSic idgmeba zumba avtomatis wmendisas, ovaluri xvrelebi _ saxraxnisisaTvis, marTkuTxa xvreli _ gazis milakis Camketis mosabruneblad avtomatis daSlisa da awyobisas. sazeTuri gamoiyeneba zeTis Sesanaxad. igi gadaitaneba savazne kolofis CanTis jibiT. mWidi (АК-74-Tvis) gamoiyeneba vaznebis gadasatanad da savazne kolofis vaznebiT daCqarebuli aRWurvisaTvis. mWidSi Tavsdeba 15 vazna. mas gaaCnia ori sigrZivi kilo da firfitisebri zambara, romlebic akavebs vaznebs gamovardnisagan. amas garda, firfitisebri zambara uzrunvelyofs mWidis myar mierTebas gadamsvlelTan. gadamyvanis daniSnulebaa mWidis mierTeba savazne kolofTan, misi vaznebiT aRWurvisas. mas gaaCnia: qvemodan (gafarToebuli nawili) _ ori nakeci, romlebic Sedis savazne kolofis yelis Sesabamis kiloebSi, zemodan ori sigrZivi kilo mWidisaTvis, xvreli mWidi zambarisaTvis da sayrdeni, romelic zRudavs mWidis win gawevas gadamsvlelSi misi Cadgmisas.

7,62 mm-iani da 5,45 mm-iani sabrZolo vaznebi 25. sabrZolo vazna (nax.42a,b) Sedgeba tyviis masris, denTis muxtisa da kafsulisagan. 26. 7,62 mm vaznebs uSveben Cveulebrivi foladisgulariani da specialuri daniSnulebis tyviebiT: mgezveli da javSangamtan- cecxlgamCeni tyviis Tavebs aqvT ganmasxvavebeli Seferiloba, xolo 5,45 mm-ian vaznebs uSveben Cveulebrivi foladisgulariani da mgezveli tyviebiT. srolis imitaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba fuWi vaznebi, romlebiTac isvrian specialuri milisis gamoyenebiT. Cveulebrivi tyviebi (nax.43a,d) gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis im cocxali Zalis dasazianeblad, romelic ganlagebulia Ria adgilebSi an tyviagamtari zRudeebis ukan. Cveulebrivi tyvia Sedgeba tompakiT dafaruli foladis garsisa da foladis gularisagan. garssa da guls Soris moTavsebulia tyviis perangi.

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nax. 42. sabrZolo vazna a . 7,62 mm; b. 5,45 mm;

1. tyvia; 2. masra; 3. denTis muxti; 4. kafsuli; 5. lulaki; 6. Rari; 7. grdemli; 8. SemRwevi nasvreti; 9. damrtymeli Semadgenloba. mgezveli tyvia (nax.43b,e) agreTve gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis dasazianeblad. amas garda, tyviis haerSi frenisas misi mnaTi mgezveli Semadgenloba srolis 800m-mde siSoreze tovebs mnaT kvals, rac iZleva cecxlis koreqtirebisa da mizanCvenebis saSualebas.

nax. 43. tyviebi

a. Cveulebrivi foladgulariani 7,62 mm-iani tyvia; b. mgezveli 7,62 mm-iani tyvia; g. javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni 7,62 mm-iani tyvia; d. Cveulebrivi foladgulariani 5,45 mm-iani tyvia; e. mgezveli 5,45 mm-iani tyvia; 1. garsi; 2. foladis gulari; 3. tyviis perangi; 4. gulari (tyviis); 5. mgezveli Semadgenloba; 6. Wiqa; 7. fskeri (tyviis); 8. cecxlgamCeni Semadgenloba; 9. daboloeba.

46

mgezveli tyviis garsSi, saTavo nawilSi moTavsebulia gulari, xolo fskerze dapresili mgezvelis Semadgenlobis koWi. gasrolis dros, denTis muxtis ali anaTebs mgezvel Semadgenlobas, romelic tyviis frenisas tovebs mnaT kvals, romelic kargad Cans dRisiT da RamiT. tyviis saTave nawili SeRebilia mwvaned. javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyvia (nax.43g) gankuTvnilia wvadi siTxeebis asaaleblad da cocxali Zali gasanadgureblad, romlebic ganlagebulia msubuqi javSnis ukan 300 metramde manZilze. javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyvia Sedgeba garsisagan _ tompakis daboloebiT, foladis gularisagan _ tyviis perangiT, tyviis fskerisagan da cecxlgamCeni nivTierebisagan. tyviis javSanze moxvedrisas cecxlgamCeni nivTiereba aaldeba, rac SemdgomSi iwvevs sawvavis aalebas. tyviis saTave nawili SeRebilia Savad wiTeli sartyliT. masra aerTebs vaznis yvela nawils. misi daniSnulebaa denTis muxtis dacva gare zemoqmedebisagan da denTis airis saketis mxares gaWris davidan acileba. mas gaaCnia korpusi, denTis muxtis mosacileblad, lula ki tyviis Sesamagreblad da fskeri. garedan masris gamomgdebis fskers aqvs rgolisebri Rari, gamomgdebis CasaWidad. masris fskerze moTavsebuli bude kafsulisaTvis, grdemli da ori SemRwevi nasvreti. 27. denTis muxtis daniSnulebaa tyviisaTvis winsvliTi moZraobis micema. igi Sedgeba sferulad damarcvluli denTisagan. 28. kafsulis daniSnulebaa denTis muxtis anTeba. igi Sedgeba TiTberis xufisagan, masSi Sepresili damrtymeli Semadgenlobisa da folgis rgolisagan, romlebic faravs damrtymel Semadgenlobas. 29. 7,62 mm-iani da 5.45 mm vaznebs fuTaven xis yuTebSi. yuTSi iwyoba ori hermetulad daxuruli liTonis kolofi _ TiToSi 7,62 mm-iani 660 cali da 5,45mm-iani 1080 cali vazniT. kolofebSi vaznebi Cawyobilia muyaos SekvrebSi, 30-30 cali. sul yuTSi eteva 7,62mm-iani 1320, xolo 5,45mm-iani 2160 cali vazna. im yuTebis gverdiT kedlebze, romlebSic SefuTulia mgezveltyviebiani (javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni) vaznebi, gavlebulia mwvane (Savi-wiTeli) zoli, yovel yuTSi devs dana kolofis gasaxsnelad.

47

Tavi IV

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis mdgomareoba datenamde

30. saketis CarCo gazis dguSiTa da saketiT, damabrunebeli

meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT aris ukidures wina mdgomareobaSi,

xolo gazis dguSi – gazis kameris milyelSi; lulis arxi

Caketilia saketiT. saketi mobrunebulia sigrZivi RerZis

garSemo marjvniv, misi sabrZolo Sverilebi moTavsebulia

lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi – saketi Carazulia. damabrunebel

zambaras gaaCnia umciresi kumSvadoba.

TviT sasxletis berketi, saketis CarCos Sverilis

zemoqmedebiT, mobrunebulia win da qvemoT (nax.44).

nax. 44. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis mdgomareoba

datenamde gaxsnili mcveliTa da daSvebuli CaxmaxiT 1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. gadamyvani seqtori; 3. erTeuli cecxlis

Semkavebeli; 4. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli. 5. sasxleti kauWis figuruli

Sverili; 6. sabrZolo zambara; 7. Caxmaxi; 8. TviTsasxletis berketi; 9. saketis CarCo; 10. TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli.

Caxmaxi daSvebulia da ebjineba sakets. damrtymeli, Caxmaxis

zemoqmedebiT, gaweulia win. sabrZolo zambara umciresad

SekumSulia; Tavisi yulfiT igi aWers Caxmaxs saketze, xolo

gadakecili boloebiT sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilebs _

48

lulis kolofis fskers, amasTan sasxleti kauWis bolo

moTavsebulia wina mdgomarebaSi.

Caxmaxis Semnelebeli, Tavisi zambaris zemoqmedebiT, wina

SveriliT mitmasnilia kolofis fskerze.

gadamyvani miTavsebulia ukidures zeda mdgomareobaSi da

faravs lulis kolofis sarqvelSi arsebul safexureobriv

Wrils (gadamyvani dayenebulia mcvelze). gadamyvani seqtori

Sesulia erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis WrilSi da

moTavsebulia sasxleti kauWis marjvena marTkuTxa Sverilis

Tavze (ketavs sasxlet kauWs).

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba datenisas

31. avtomatis dasatenad masze unda mivamagroT aRWurvili savazne kolofi, davayenoT gadamyvani avtomatur `AB~ an erTeul `ОД~ cecxlze. gadavwioT saketis CarCo bolomde ukan da gavuSvaT xeli _ avtomati datenilia. Tu cecxli dauyovnebliv ar unda gaixsnas, aucilebelia gadamyvanis mcvelze dayeneba. savazne kolofis mierTebisas misi CamWidi Sedis lulis kolofis Sverilis ukan, xolo sayrdeni Sverili Sevardeba saketelas ukan da savazne kolofi Cerdeba lulis kolofis sarkmelSi. zeda vazna ebjineba ra qvemodan saketis CarCos, odnav dabla daswevs vaznebs savazne kolofSi Tan kumSavs mis zambaras. avtomatur cecxlze gadamyvanis dayenebisas, lulis kolofis saxuravSi, saketis CarCos saxelurisaTvis arsebuli safexurebrivi amonaWeri, Tavisufldeba. gadamyvani seqtori rCeba erTeuli cecxlis amonaWerSi, magram ar uSlis xels sasxleti kauWis mobrunebas. saketis CarCos ukan gadawevisas (Tavisufali svlis sigrZeze) igi axdens ra zemoqmedebas figuruli Wrilis wina cerobiT saketis wamyvan Sverilze, abrunebs sakets marcxniv, saketis sabrZolo Sverilebi gamodis lulis kolofis Wrilebidan – saketi ixsneba; saketis CarCos Sverili aTavisuflebs TviTsasxletis berkets, xolo TviTsasxletis berketi zambaris zemoqmedebiT eWireba Caxmaxis wina sibrtyes. saketis CarCos Semdgomi gadawevisas, masTan erTad gadadis saketi da xsnis lulis arxs; damabrunebeli zambara ikumSeba;

49

saketis CarCos zemoqmedebiT Caxmaxi brundeba RerZze da exveva sabrZolo zambara; Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexi TanamimdevrobiT vardeba sasxleti kauWis figuruli Wrilis ukan da Caxmaxis Semneleblis saketelas qveS. Caxmaxi dgeba TviTsasxletis Semkaveblis qveda Sverilze; TviTsasxletis berketi amasTan iweva zeviT da dgeba saketis CarCos Sverilis moZraobis gzaze. rogorc ki saketis CarCos qveda sabrtye gaivlis savazne kolofis sarkmels, vaznebi, savazne kolofis zambaris zemoqmedebiT, aiweva zeviT zeda vaznis savazne kolofis kedlis nakecze mibjenamde. saketis CarCos gaSvebisas, igi saketTan erTad, damabrunebeli meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT, iweva win. saketi gamoagdebs savazne kolofidan zeda vaznas, gadaitans savazneSi da xuravs milis arxs. saketis miaxloebisas lulis ukana WrilTan gamomgdebis CamWidi Sexteba masris rgolisebr RarSi. saketi, lulis kolofis marcxena Wrilis cerobis saketis marcxena sabrZolo Sverilis cerobze zemoqmedebiT, xolo Semdeg saketis CarCos figuruli Wrilis saketis wamyvan Sverilze zemoqmedebiT, brundeba marjvniv sigrZivi RerZis garSemo; saketis sabrZolo Sverilebi Sedis lulis kolofis sabrZolo sabjenebs ukan – saketi irazeba. saketis CarCo, ganagrZobs ra wina moZraobas Tavisi SveriliT, abrunebs TviTsasxletis berkets win da qvemoT, riTac TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis fexidan gamohyavs; Caxmaxi, sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT, brundeba, gadis Semneleblis saketeladan da dgeba sabrZolo fexze (nax.45). vaznebi savazne kolofSi zambaris zemoqmedebiT iweva zemoT, zeda vaznis saketis CarCosTan mibjenamde.

nax. 45. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis

mdgomareoba gasrolis win 1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. gadamyvani seqtori; 3. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli;

4. Caxmaxi; 5. TviTsasxletis berketi; 6. saketis CarCo.

50

gadamyvanis mcvelze dayenebisas, gadamyvani xuravs lulis

kolofis sarqvelis safexurebriv amonaWers da dgeba saketis

CarCos saxeluris ukan moZraobis gzaze; gadamyvanis seqtori

brundeba win da dgeba sasxleti kauWis marjvena marTkuTxa

Sverilis Tavze (ketavs sasxlet kauWs).

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba srolisas nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba avtomaturi srolisas

32. avtomaturi srolisaTvis gadamyvani unda davayenoT

avtomatur cecxlze (АB) (Tu igi ar iqneba dayenebuli

datenisas), da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs.

gadamyvanis avtomatur cecxlze dayenebisas, gadamyvanis

seqtori aTavisuflebs sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverils

(xsnis sasxlet kauWs) da rCeba erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis

amonaWerSi. sasxlet kauWs eZleva Tavisi RerZis garSemo

mobrunebis saSualeba; erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebels, sasxlet

kauWTan erTad, mobrunebisagan icavs gadamyvani seqtori.

sasxleti kauWis boloze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili

Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan. Caxmaxi

sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT brundeba Tavis RerZze da

energiulad artyams damrtmels. damrtymeli sacemeliT

amsxvrevs vaznis kafsuls. vaznis kafsulis damrtymeli narevi

aldeba, ali masris fskerze arsebuli SemRwevi nasvretis

gavliT aRwevs denTis muxtamde da anTebs mas. xdeba gasrola.

tyvia, denTis airebis zemoqmedebiT, moZraobs lulis arxSi;

rogorc ki igi gaivlis gazgamyvan xvrels, airis nawili am

xvrelis gavliT miemarTeba gazis kameraSi, awveba gazis dguSs

da ukan agdebs saketis CarCos. ukan daxevisas saketis CarCo

(iseve, rogorc misi saxeluriT ukan gawevisas), figuruli

Wrilis wina cerobiT abrunebs sakets sigrZivi RerZis garSemo

da gahyavs misi sabrZolo Sverilebi lulis kolofis

sabrZolo sabjenebidan – ixsneba saketi da lulis arxi,

saketis CarCos Sverili aTavisuflebs TviTsasxletis berkets.

igi zambaris zemoqmedebiT iweva zemoT, xolo TviTsasxletis

51

Semkavebeli ekvris Caxmaxis wina sibrtyes, am droisaTvis tyvia

gavardeba lulis arxidan. avtomatis lulis arxidan tyviis

gamofrenis Semdeg denTis airis xvdeba lulis kompensatorSi

(muxruW-kompensatoris ukana saTavsSi farTovdeba da

sakompensacio xvrelis gavliT qmnis reaqtiul Zalas lulis

nawils xvrelebis ganlagebis sapirispirod) da avtomats

gadaxris marcxniv da dabla (denTis airis nawili exleba ra

muxruW-kompensatoris wina da ukana saTavsebis wina kedlebs

amcirebs ukucemas. ukana saTavsis naprlebidan gamosuli airis

Sexvedra winasaTavsis wina kedlidan areklil airTan, amcirebs

gasrolis xmas).

saketis CarCo saketiT inerciiT ganagrZobs ukan moZraobas;

gamomgdebis CamWidiT adgilze Semagrebuli masra ejaxeba

lulis kolofis amrekl Sverils da vardeba gareT.

Semdgom, nawilebi da meqanizmebi Caxmaxisa da Semneleblis

garda, muSaoben iseve, rogorc datenisas. Caxmaxi dgeba

TviTsasxletis Semkaveblis zeda Sverilze da Cerdeba masze

saketis CarCos saketTan erTad wina mdgomareobaSi

dabrunebisas. mas Semdeg, rac saketi gadagzavnis zeda vaznas

savazne kolofidan savazneSi, daixureba lulis arxi da

Cairazeba saketi, saketis CarCos, ganagrZobs ra win moZraobas,

gahyavs TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis

fexis qveSidan. Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT,

brundeba da artyams Caxmaxis Semneleblis saketelaze;

Semnelebeli brundeba ukan, riTac Caxmaxis dartymis qveS

ayenebs wina Sverils, Semnelebelze am dartymis Sedegad

Caxmaxis win moZraoba cotaTi Senelebulia, rac saSualebas

aZlevs lulas, masze saketis CarCos saketTan erTad dartymis

Semdeg, miiRos pirvandelTan miaxloebuli mdgomareoba da amiT

gaaumjobesos moxvedrebis SequCebuloba. Semneleblis wina

Sverilze dartmisas, Caxmaxi artyams damrtymelze. xdeba

gasrola. avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba

meordeba. avtomaturi srola gagrZeldeba manam, sanam vaWerT

sasxlet kauWs da savazne kolofSi aris vaznebi. srolis

Sesawyvetad unda gavuSvaT sasxlet kauWs. amasTan sasxleti

kauWi, sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT, mobrundeba da misi

52

figuruli Sverili dadgeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis moZraobis

gzaze. Caxmaxi Cerdeba sabrZolo fexze, srola wydeba, magram

avtomati rCeba datenili, gamzadebuli Semdegomi srolisaTvis.

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba erTeuli gasroliT srolisas

33. erTeuli gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia gadamyvani davayenoT erTeul cecxlze `ОД~ da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs. gadamyvanis dayenebisas mcvelidan erTeuli cecxlis `ОД~ mdgomareobaSi, gadamyvani seqtori aTavisuflebs sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverils (xsnis sasxlet kauWs), mTlianad gadis erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis amonaWers da srolisas damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis muSaobaSi monawileobas ar iRebs. sasxleti kauWis boloze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan. Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT brundeba Tavis RerZze da energiulad artyams damrtymelze _ xdeba gasrola. pirveli gasrolis Semdeg nawilebi da meqanizmebi axdenen imave moqmedebas, rasac avtomaturi srolisas, magram Semdegi gasrola ar moxdeba, radgan sasxlet kauWTan erTad win mobrunda erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli da misi CamWidi dadgeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis moZraobis gzaze. Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexi Sevardeba erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis ukan, xolo Caxmaxi dgeba ukana mdgomareobaSi (nax.46).

nax. 46. damrtmel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis mdgomareoba

gadamyvanis erTeul cecxlze dayenebisas gasrolis Semdeg 1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli; 3. erTeuli cecxlis

Semkavebeli; 4. Caxmaxi; 5. TviTsasxleti Semkavebeli; 6. saketis CarCo.

53

emdegi gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia, sasxleti kauWis gaSveba

da masze xelmeored daWera. rodesac gavuSvebT sasxlet kauWs,

igi, sabrZolo zambaris boloebis zemoqmedebiT, mobrundeba

erTeuli cecxlis SemkavebelTan erTad. erTeuli cecxlis

Semkavebeli gaTavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan

CaWidvisagan da gaaTavisuflebs Caxmaxs. Caxmaxi sabrZolo

zambaris zemoqmedebiT, brundeba, artyams jer Semneleblis

saketelaze, Semdeg mis wina Sverilze da dgeba sabrZolo

fexze. sasxlet kauWze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili

Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan da

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba meordeba _ xdeba Semdegi

gasrola.

Seferxebebi avtomatiT srolisas da maTi

aRmofxvris xerxebi

34. avtomatis nawilebi da meqanizmebi, swori gamoyenebisa da

saTanado movlisas, xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi muSaoben

saimedod da Seuferxeblad. magram, meqanizmebis daWuWyianebis,

nawilebis gacveTisa da avtomatis gaufrTxilebeli gamoyenebis

Sedegad, agreTve vaznebis gaumarTaobis SemTxvevaSi, srolisas

SeiZleba warmoiSvas Seferxebebi.

35. srolisas warmoqmnili Seferxebis aRmofxvra unda

vcadoT gadateniT, risTvisac swrafad unda gadavwioT saketis

CarCo bolomde ukan, gavuSvaT mas xeli da ganvagrZoT srola.

Tu Seferxeba ar aRmoifxvreba, maSin, aucilebelia, misi

gamomwvevi mizezis povna da Seferxebis aRmofxvra ise, rogorc

qvemoT aris aRwerili.

54

Seferxebebi da maTi

daxasiaTeba

Seferxebebis

mizezebi

aRmofxvris

xerxebi

ar moxda vaznebis

miwodeba. saketi

wina mdgomareobaSia, magram ar moxda

gasrola _ savazneSi

ar aris vazna

1.savazne kolofis daWuWyianeba an gaumarTaoba. 2. savazne kolofis saketelas gaumarTaoba

gadavtenoT avtomati da gavagrZeloT srola. ganmeorebiTi Seferxebisas gamovcvaloT savazne kolofi. savazne kolofis saketelas gaumarTaobis SemTxvevaSi gadavagzavnoT avtomati saremonto saxelosnoSi.

vaznis CaWedva. vazna

tyviiT CaiWeda lulis ukana

WrilSi, moZravi

nawilebis gaCerda

Sua mdgomareobaSi.

savazne kolofis

gaumarTaoba.

gadavwioT saketis

CarCos saxeluri ukan, SevakaoT igi

ukana mdgomareobaSi,

gamovagdoT

gaWedili vazna da

ganvagrZoT srola.

Seferxebis gameorebisas

gamovcvaloT savazne

kolofi.

ar gamovarda masra.

masra savazneSia,

morigi vazna

ebjineba mas tyviiT,

moZravi nawilebi gaCerebulia Sua

mdgomareobaSi.

1. WuWyiania vazna an

daWuWyianebulia

savazne.

2. gamomgdebis an misi

zambaris daWuWyianeba an gaumarTaoba.

gadavwioT saketis

CarCos saxeluri

ukan, SevakaoT igi

ukana mdgomareobaSi,

movxsnaT savazne kolofi da

gamoviRoT CaWedili

vazna.

saketiT an zumbiT

gamoviRoT masra

savaznidan. gavagrZeloT srola.

ganmeorebiTi

Seferxebisas

55

gavwmindoT savazne

da vaznebi.

davaTvalieroT da

WuWyisagan

gavwmindoT gamomgdebi da

gavagrZeloT srola.

gamomgdebis

gaumarTaobisas

avtomati

gadavagzavnoT saremonto

saxelosnoSi. moxda masris

TanwamoReba an ar

moxda misi arekvla.

masra ar gamovarda

lulis kolofidan,

igi darCa masSi saketis win an

gadaigzavna saketiT

ukan savazneSi.

1. moxaxune nawilebis,

airebis dinebis

gzebisa da savaznis

daWuWyianeba.

2. gamomgdebis daWuWyianeba an

gaumarTaoba.

gadavwioT saketis CarCos saxeluri ukan, gamovagdoT masra da gavagrZeloT srola. ganmeorebiTi Seferxebisas gavwmindoT airebis dinebis gzebi, moxaxune nawilebi da savazne; moxaxune nawilebi SevzeToT. gamomgdebis gaumarTaobisas avtomati gadavagzavnoT saremonto saxelosnoSi.

ar moxda saketis

CarCos wina

mdgomareobamde

misvla.

Ddamabrunebeli

zambaris gatexa.

gamovcvaloT

zambara (sabrZolo

viTarebaSi zambaris

wina nawili movabrunoT

Casworebuli

boloTi ukan da

ganvagrZoT srola).

56

mtyuneba. saketi

wina mdgomareobaSia,

vazna savazneSia,

Caxmaxi daSvebulia

– gasrola ar moxda.

1. vaznis gaumarTaoba.

2. sacemelis an

damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis

gaumarTaoba; sapoxis

daWuWyianeba ang

gamagreba

( patara SenaWyleti

kafsuls ar aqvs)

gadavtenoT

avtomati da

gavagrZeloT srola.

ganmeorebiTi Seferxebisas

davaTvalieroT da

gavwmindoT sacemeli

da damrtymel-

sasxleti meqanizmi.

damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis gatexis

an gacveTis

SemTxvevaSi

avtomati

gadavagzavnoT

saremonto saxelosnoSi.

57

Tavi V avtomatis movla da Senaxva

saerTo debuleba

36. avtomati unda iyos srulad gamarTul mdgomareobSi da

moqmedebisaTvis mzadyofnaSi. es miiRweva drouli da swori

wmendiT, SezeTviTa da avtomatis swori SenaxviT.

37. qvedanayofSi arsebuli avtomatis wmenda xdeba:

- srolisaTvis mzadebisas;

- sabrZolo da fuWi vaznebiT srolis Semdeg dauyovnebliv

sasroleTze (velze) srolis damTavrebis Semdeg; amasTan,

iwmindeba da izeTeba lulis kolofi, lulis arxi, gazis

kamera, gazis dguSi, saketis CarCo da saketi; avtomatis

saboloo wmenda mimdinareobs srolidan dabrunebis Semdeg da

yoveldRiurad Semdgomi sami_oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi.

- ganawesisa da srolis gareSe velze mecadineobis Semdeg,

ganwesidan an mecadineobidan dabrunebis Semdeg.

- sabrZolo viTarebaSi da xangrZlivi wvrTnisas

yoveldRiurad, brZolis miwynarebis periodebSi da swavlebis

dros Sesvenebisas.

- Tu avtomati ar gamoiyeneboda kviraSi erTxel mainc.

38. gawmendis Semdeg avtomati unda SeizeTos. SeizeTos

mxolod kargad gawmendil da mSral liTonis zedapiri

dauyovnebliv gawmendis Semdeg, raTa ar moxdes liTonze tenis

zemoqmedeba.

39. avtomatis wmenda da SezeTva xdeba aTeulis meTauris

uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT. aTeulis meTauri valdebulia

gansazRvros aucilebeli daSlis, wmendisa da SezeTvis xarisxi,

Seamowmos sakuTnos gamarTuloba gawmendisaTvis saWiro

masalis xarisxianoba; Seamowmos gawmendis xarisxi da gasces

SezeTvisa da awyobis nebarTva; Seamowmos avtomatis SezeTvisa

da awyobis siswore.

oficrebi valdebulni arian periodulad daeswron avtomatis

wmendasa da Seamowmos misi mimdinareobis siswore.

58

40. yazarmaSi an banakSi ganlagebisas avtomats wmenden

specialurad gamoyofil adgilebSi, am miznisaTvis mowyobil

adgilebSi xolo sabrZolo viTarebaSi da wvrTnisas sufTa

safenebze, ficrebze, fanerze da a.S.

41. sasroleTze avtomati srolis Semdeg unda gaiwmindos

amisaTvis gamoyofil adgilebSi lulis gasawmeni xsnariT (lgx)

an iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT. avtomats lgx-Ti wmenden mxolod

oficrebis an qvedanayofis serJantis xelmZRvanelobiT.

sasroleTze, iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT gawmendili avtomati

yazarmaSi dabrunebis Semdeg aucileblad unda gaiwmindos lgx-

iT. savele pirobebSi avtomats wmenden da zeTaven iaraRis

Txevadi zeTiT.

42. avtomatis gasawmendad gamoiyeneba:

- iaraRis Txevadi zeTi _ avtomatis gasawmendad da misi

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis SesazeTad, +50-dan -500 °-mde haeris

temperaturisas.

- iaraRis zeTi _ lulis arxis, avtomatis nawilebisa da

meqanizmebis SesazeTad. maTi gawmendis Semdeg es zeTi

gamoiyeneba maSin, roca haeris temperatura ar aRemateba +50°

c. - lgx-iT (lulis gasawmedi xsnari) - lulis arxisa da

avtomatis im nawilebis gasawmendad, romlebic moxvdnen denTis

airebis zemoqmedebis qveS.

SeniSvna: lgx mzaddeba qvedanayofebSi, erTi dRe-Ramis

ganmavlobaSi iaraRis gawmendisaTvis saWiro raodenobiT.

xsnaris Semadgenloba:

- sasmelad vargisi wyali erTi litri.

- amoniumis naxSirmJava 200 gr.

- kaliumis biqromJava (qrompiki) 3-5gr.

lgx-is mcire raodenobiT Senaxva dasaSvebia ara umetes

7 dRe Ramis ganmavlobaSi, dacobil SuSis WurWelSi, bnel

adgilas, gasaTbobi xelsawyoebisagan moSorebiT. lgx-is Casxma

liTonis sazeTurebSi akrZalulia. ZonZi an КВ 22 qaRaldi --

avtomatis gawmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis, CenCosagan gawmendili

Cla (mokle selis boWko) - mxolod lulis arxis gasawmendad.

59

kiloebis amonaWrebisa da xvrelebis moxerxebuli

gawmendisaTvis SeiZleba xis joxebis gamoyeneba.

kategoriulad akrZalulia avtomatis gasawmendad abraziuli

masalis (qviSis), zumfaris qaRaldisa da a.S. gamoyeneba.

mimdinare momsaxureba

43. avtomati unda gavwmindoT Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT:

1) movamzadoT gasawmendi da SesazeTi masala;

2) davSaloT avtomati;

3) davaTvalieroT sakuTno ise, rogorc naCvenebia 66-e muxlSi

da movamzadoT igi wmendisaTvis gamosayeneblad (nax.47);

4) gavwmindoT lulis arxi.

CavdoT avtomati magidis iaraRis sawmend WrilSi an davdoT

Cveulebriv magidaze, xolo Tu magida ar gvaqvs, mivabjinoT igi

kondaxiT miwaze an iatakze. iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT lulis

arxis gasawmendad sawmendelas gavuyaroT Cla an ZonZi, amasTan,

Clis boloebi unda iyos sawmendelas RerZze mokle, xolo

fenis sisqe unda iyos iseTi, rom ZenZgayrili sawmendela

Sediodes lulis arxSi xelis mcire ZaldatanebiT; davasxaT

Claze cotaodeni iaraRis Txevadi zeTi da TiTebiT odnav

movWmuWnoT. SeviyvanoT zumba sawmendelaTi da CliT lulis

arxSi. erTi xeliT daviWiroT avtomatis lulis nawili, xolo

meoreTi daviWiroT penali frTxilad, zumbis gauRunavad,

ramdenjerme gavwioT win da ukan lulis arxis mTel sigrZeze.

amoviRoT zumba, gamovcvaloT Cla, gavJRinToT iaraRis Txevadi

zeTiT da imave TanmimdevrobiT ramdenjerme gavwmindoT lulis

arxi. amis Semdeg saguldagulod gavamSraloT zumba da lulis

arxi sufTa, mSrali CliT, xolo Semdeg ZonZiT.

davaTvalieroT ZonZi, Tu masze daemCna namwvis kvali (siSave)

Jangi an WuWyi, ganvagrZoT lulis arxis wmenda, Semdeg isev

gavamSraloT mSrali CliTa da ZonZiT. Tu lulis arxidan

gamoRebis Semdeg ZonZi sufTa aRmoCnda, e.i. ar daemCna denTis

namwvis Savi an Jangis yviTeli kvali, saguldagulod

davaTvalieroT Suqze lulis arxi salule nawilisa da

60

savaznis mxridan, xelSi lulis nela mobrunebiT; amasTan,

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcioT naWdevebis kuTxeebs da

SevamowmoT, xom ar darCa maTSi namwvi.

lgx-iT lulis arxi gavwmindoT xsnarSi dasvelebuli

jagrisiT, Semdeg lulis arxi gavamSraloT CliT. lgx-iT

wmenda ganvagrZoT namwvis srul mocilebamde, sanam xsnarSi

dasvelebuli jagrisi an Cla ar gamova lulis arxidan namwvis

an simwvanis gareSe. amis Semdeg gavamSraloT lulis arxi

mSrali CliT, xolo Semdeg sufTa ZonZiT. meore dRes

SevamowmoT gawmendis xarisxi; Tu lulis arxis sufTa ZonZiT

gawmednisas masze aRmoCndeba namwvi, gavwmindoT xelmeored,

imave TanmimdevrobiT.

lulis arxis naWdevebiani wmendis damTavrebis Semdeg imave

TanmimdevrobiT gavwmindoT savazne lulis kolofis mxridan.

nax. 47. avtomatis wmendisaTvis momzadebuli sakuTno

1. zumba; 2. sawmendela; 3. penali; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. zumbis Tavi.

SeniSvna: Tu wmendisas sawmendela zumbiT gaiWedeba lulis

arxSi, arxSi unda CavasxaT cotaodeni gamTbari iaraRis zeTi

da ramdenime wuTis Semdeg vcadoT zumbis gamoReba. Tu zumbas

ver gamoviRebT, avtomati unda gadaigzavnos saremonto

saxelosnoSi.

61

5) gazis kamera, gazis milaki da lulis muxruW-

kompensatori (kompensatori) gavwmindoT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT

an lxg-iT da gavamSraloT CliT (ZonZiT) zumbis an xis joxis

daxmarebiT. gazis kamera, lgx-iT gawmendis Semdeg, kargad unda

gavamSraloT ZonZiT, davaTvalieroT lulis arxi, rom masSi ar

darCes ucxo sagnebi da gavwmindoT lula garedan, lulis

milaki da lulis muxruW-kompensatori (kompensatori)

gawmendis Semdeg kargad gavamSraloT.

6) lulis kolofi, saketis CarCo, saketi da gazis dguSi

gavwmindoT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT an lxg-iT gaJRenTili

ZonZiT, ris Semdegac kargad gavamSraloT. Txevadi zeTiT

davfaroT gazis dguSi, aseve zeTiT davfaroT saketis

cilindruli Wrili an sami_xuTi wuTiT SevaxvioT zeTiT

gaJRenTil ZonZSi. amis Semdeg, patara Cxiris meSveobiT

movaSoroT gamagrebuli denTis namwvi da kargad gavamSraloT.

imave xerxiT gavwmindoT lulis muxruW-kompensatoris Sida

zedapiric.

7) liTonis danarCeni nawilebi kargad unda gavamSraloT

ZonZiT, nawilebis Zlieri daWuWyianebisas gavwmindoT isini

iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT, xolo Semdeg kargad gavamSraloT.

8) xis nawilebi gavwmindoT mSrali ZonZiT.

9) TviTmnaTi bunikebi gavwmindoT wyalSi an navTSi

dasvelebuli ZonZiT. WuWyis moSorebis Semdeg samarjvi da

samizne gavamSraloT sufTa mSrali ZonZiT.

44. avtomatis wmendis damTavrebis Sesaxeb jariskaci

moaxsenebs aTeulis meTaurs, Semdeg, aTeulis meTauris

nebarTviT, xdeba avtomatis SezeTva da awyoba.

45. avtomati unda avawyoT Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:

1) SevzeToT lulis arxi. davaxraxnoT zumbaze sawmendela

da sawmendelas ganaWerSi gavuyaroT zeTiT gaJRenTili ZonZi,

SeviyvanoT sawmendela lulis arxSi lulis wina mxridan da

or-samjer nela gavwioT win da ukan, lulis mTel sigrZeze,

raTa lulis arxi Tanabrad daifaros zeTis Txeli feniT.

SevzeToT savazne da lulis muxruW-kompensatori.

2) avtomatis yvela danarCeni liTonis nawili da meqanizmi

gaJRenTili Cvris meSveobiT davfaroT zeTis feniT. magram unda

62

gvaxsovdes, rom zedmeti SezeTva xels uwyobs nawilebis

daWuWyianebas da SeiZleba gamoiwvios srolis Seferxeba.

xis nawilebi da TviTmnaTi wertilebi (zolebi) samiznesa da

samarjvze ar unda SevzeToT.

3) SezeTvis damTavrebis Semdeg avawyoT avtomati,

SevamowmoT misi nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba, gavwmindoT

da SevzeToT savazne kolofebi da sakuTno, xolo Semdeg

avtomati vaCvenoT aTeulis meTaurs.

46. weliwadis civ dros, +50 da ufro dabali

temperaturisas avtomati SevzeToT mxolod iaraRis Txevadi

zeTiT erTi saxis zeTidan meore saxis zeTis xmarebaze

gadasvlisas, avtomatis yvela nawils saguldagulod unda

movaSoroT Zveli zeTi.

zeTis mosaSoreblad aucilebelia avtomatis mTlianad

daSla, liTonis yvela nawilis iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT gawmenda

da maTi sufTa ZonZiT gamSraleba.

SeniSvna: haeris +50°dabali temperaturisas iaraRis zeTis

gamoyeneba iaraRis Txevadi zeTis magivrad akrZalulia.

dasaSvebia iaraRis Txevadi zeTis gamoyeneba mTeli wlis

ganmavlobaSi iseT raionebSi, sadac zafxulis periodSi ar

aris maRali temperatura.

47. yinvidan Tbil oTaxSi Setanis Semdeg avtomati unda

gaiwmindos 10-20 wuTis Semdeg (mas Semdeg, rac igi

daiorTqleba). rekomendebulia Tbil SenobaSi Sesvlis win

avtomatis gare zedapiris gawmenda iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT

gaJRenTili ZonZiT.

48. avtomati, romelic unda CavabaroT sawyobSi xangrZlivi

droiT Sesanaxad, SevzeToT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT, SevaxvioT

erT fena ingibitirebul, xolo Semdeg erT fena parafinirebul

qaRaldSi.

49. avtomatis degazacia, dezaqtivacia da dezinfeqcia

sruldeba

qvedanayofis meTauris miTiTebiT.

63

avtomatis vaznebis Senaxva da dacva

50. qvedanayofebSi avtomatis vaznebis Senaxvaze pasuxs agebs

qvedanayofis meTauri, avtomati inaxeba yovelTvis daclili,

amasTan savaze kolofi da xiSt-dana moxsnilia, Caxmaxi

daSvebulia, gadamyvani mcvelzea, samiznis CarCiki dayenebulia

avtomatze `II~ danayofze, avtomati ixsneba mcvelidan mxolod

datenisa da srolis win.

meavtomate valdebulia yovelTvis iqonios avtomati sufTa

da gamarTul mdgomareobaSi, faqizad moepyros mas da Seamowmos

61-e muxlSi aRweril SemTxvevaSi.

damrtmel-sasxleti meqanizmis muSaobis Semowmebisas ar

SeiZleba Caxmaxis zedmetad daSveba.

51. yazarmaSi an banakSi ganlagebisas avtomati inaxeba

piramidaSi; imave piramidis gansakuTrebul ganyofilebaSi inaxeba

savazne kolofebi, CanTebi savazne kolofebisaTvis, xiSt-dana

qarqaSSi, sazeTuri da dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis SaliTa,

agreTve dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali, savazne kolofis

CanTa, qamari da SaliTa unda inaxebodes sufTa da mSral

mdgomareobaSi.

52. romelime SenobaSi droebiTi ganlagebisas, avtomati unda

SevinaxoT mSral adgilas, karebidan, Rumelebidan da gasaTbobi

xelsawyoebidan moSorebiT. sabrZolo viTarebaSi avtomati Tan

unda viqonioT (xelSi).

53. mecadineobebze msvlelobisas an laSqrobisas avtomati

gadaitaneba qamriT, mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~ an `zurgze~, an

mdgomareobaSi avtomati `mkerdze~. qamari unda movargoT ise,

rom avtomati ar ertymeodes aRWurvilobis magar sagnebs.

avtomati gadaitaneba mierTebuli savazne kolofiT. danarCeni

savazne kolofebi gadagvaqvs CanTiT. rogorc wesi,

dasakeckondaxiani avtomati gadaitaneba dakecili kondaxiT.

mecadineobisa da laSqrobis dros Sesvenebisas, avtomati

meavtomates uWiravs xelSi an qamriT mxarze aqvs gadakidebuli.

54. avtomobilebiT an javSantransportiorebiT

gadaadgilebisas avtomati unda daviWiroT muxlebs Soris

vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, xolo qveiTi jaris sabrZolo

64

manqanebze, amas garda, avtomati SeiZleba Cadebuli iyos

skivrSi. tankebze gadaadgilebisas avtomati unda daviWiroT

xelSi da davicvaT igi javSanze mijaxebisagan.

55. rkinigziT an sazRvao da samdinaro gzebiT gadayvanisas

avtomatebi unda Caiwyos specialur piramidaSi. Tu vagoni an

gemi ar aris mowyobili piramidebiT, avtomati SeiZleba

daviWiroT xelSi an davdoT Taroze ise, rom gamoiricxos misi

gadmovardnis an dazianebis SesaZlebloba.

56. lulis gabervis an gaskdomis Tavidan asacileblad

akrZalulia lulis arxis raimeTi dacoba. avtomati unda

davicvaT raTa, lulis arxSi wyali ar moxvdes. lulis arxSi

wylis moxvedris SemTxvevaSi srolis dawyebamde daviWiroT

avtomati lulis salule nawiliT dabla, gadavwioT moZravi

nawilebi ukan da ramdenjerme davferTxoT avtomati; amasTan

wyali gamoedineba lulis arxidan.

57. vaznebi unda SevinaxoT mSral da SeZlebisdagvarad mzis

sxivebisagan dafarul adgilze.

vaznebs unda movepyraT frTxilad, davicvaT dazianebisagan,

tenisa da WuWyisagan. vaznebis SezeTva akrZalulia, aseve

dauSvebelia vaznebis dakargva.

65

Tavi VI

avtomatis sakontrolo daTvaliereba da misi momzadeba srolisaTvis

saerTo debuleba

58. avtomatis gamarTulobis, sisufTavis, SezeTvis

Semowmebisa da misi srolisaTvis mosamzadeblad xdeba

avtomatis sakuTnosa da savazne kolofebis sakontrolo

daTvaliereba.

59. jariskacebi da serJantebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs :

- yovedRiurad;

- ganwesSi gasvlis win;

- mecadineobaze gasvlis win, sabrZolo viTarebaSi,

periodulad drois ganmavlobaSi da sabrZolo

amocanebis Sesrulebis win;

- wmendis dros.

60. oficrebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs periodulad, Sinagani

wesdebiT dadgenil vadebSi, agreTve srolis win, ganwesSi

gasvlisa da sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebis win.

61. avtomatis savazne kolofebisa da sakuTnos yovelgvari

gamarTuloba dauyovnebliv unda aRmoifxvras. Tu gaumarTaobis

aRmofxvrva qvedanayofSi ar SeiZleba, avtomatis savazne

kolofebi da sakuTno unda gadaigzavnos saremonto

saxelosnoSi.

62. avtomatis normaluri moxvedrebis damrRvevi

damaxasiaTebeli gaumarTaoba SeiZleba iyos Semdegi:

- samizne motexili an moRunulia, gadaxrilia gverdze, zeviT

an qveviT, tyvia frenisas gadaiweva samiznis wveris

gadadgilebis sapirispiro mxares.

- samizne Tamasa gaRunuli an gadaxrilia, tyvia frenisas

gadaixreba samizne Tamasis fafris ganaWeris gadaadgilebis

mimarTulebiT.

- moRunulia lula, tyvia frenisas gadaixreba lulis

nawilis gaRunvis mxares, amonatexebi lulis salule Wrilze,

66

lulis arxis gaxexva (gansakuTrebiT salule nawilSi),

naWdevis ferdebis, niJaris gaceTva da kuTxeTa momrgvaleba,

samizne Tamasis, samiznis, kondaxis ryeva yovelive es xels

uwyobs tyviebis gafantvas.

jariskacebisa da serJantebis mier avtomatis sakontrolo daTvalierebis wesebi

63. yoveldRiuri daTvalierebisas davrwmundeT adgilzea Tu

ara avtomatis yvela nawili da SevamowmoT: xom ar aris gare

nawilebze Jangi, WuWyi, agreTve naWyleti, nakawri, amonatexi da

sxva dazianeba, romelsac SeuZlia gamoiwvios meqanizmebis

normaluri muSaobis darRveva; xom ar aris xis, plastmasis

nawilebze naxeTqebi, amonaxleCebi da naWyletebi, saimedod aris

Tu ara damagrebuli zumba, amas garda, daSlis gareSe

SevamowmoT avtomatis xilvadi nawilebis SezeTuloba, qamris

arseboba, xolo dasakeckondaxian avtomatze avtomatis SaliTis

arseboba.

64. ganwessa da mecadineobaze gasvlis win da sabrZolo

viTarebaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisas Semowmeba unda

CavataroT yoveldRiuri daTvalierebisas. amas garda,

SevamowmoT korisa da samiznis gamarTuloba, davrwmundeT, rom

lulis arxi Tavisufalia ucxo sagnebisagan. SevamowmoT

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaobis siswore. korisa da

samiznis gamarTulobis Semowmebisas davrwmundeT, rom koris

Tamasis fafris amonaWerze ar aris amonatexebi, CarCiki nela

gadaadgildeba samizne Tamasaze da saimedod magrdeba dayenebul

mdgomareobaSi saketelaTi. zambara amagrebs koris Tamasas,

samizne ar aris gaRunuli da mtkiced aris damagrebuli

Tavkavze, niSani Tavkavze emTxveva samiznis fuZeze arsebul

niSans, Tavkavi mtkiced aris damagrebuli samiznis fuZeze,

tviamfrqvevis samarjvi Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba qnevaras

brunvisas da saimedod fiqsirdeba. mowmdeba samarjvsa da

samizneze mnaTi naerTis arseboba da RamiT srolis

mowyobilobis fiqsirebis simtkice mocemul mdgomareobaSi.

67

Ramis samiznian avtomatebze, garda amisa, mowmdeba

universaluri RamiT srolis samiznis (uRss) damagrebis

simtkice da misi muSaobis unarianoba.

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaobis sisworis Sesamowmeblad

saWiroa:

_ davayenoT gadamyvani avtomatur cecxlze (AB). gadavwioT saketis CarCo saxeluriT bolomde ukan, davaWiroT sasxlet

kauWs da daviWerT ra saketis CarCos saxeluriT, nela

gavuSvaT igi; saketis CarCos misvlisas ukidures wina

mdgomareobaSi unda gaismas tkacani-Caxmaxis dartyma

damrtymelze;

_ davayenoT gadamyvani erTeul (ОД) cecxlze, davayenoT

sasxlet kauWze, gadavWimoT saketis CarCo saxeluriT bolomde

ukan da sasxleti kauWis gauSveblad, gavuSvaT saketis CarCo;

gavuSvaT sasxleti kauWi, amasTan unda gaismas tkacani.

erTeuli cecxlis SemkavebelTan CaWidvisagan gaTavisuflebuli

Caxmaxi dgeba sabrZolo fexze; amis Semdeg davayenoT avtomati

mcvelze da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWze; sasxleti kauWis bolo

ar unda gadadiodes ukan, xolo Caxmaxi unda darCes sabrZolo

fexze; movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan da davaWiroT sasxleti

kauWze, amasTan unda gaismas damrtymelze Caxmaxis dartymis xma.

gadamyvanis gadawevisas SevamowmoT, saimedod magrdeba Tu ara

igi dayenebul mdgomareobaSi.

dasakeckondaxian avtomatze SevamowmoT fiqsatorisa da

kondaxis saketelebis moqmedebis energiuloba, gadaxsnil da

dakecil mdgomareobaSi kondaxis fiqsirebis simtkice, agreTve

SevamowmoT misi uryeoba.

65. wmendis dros avtomatis daTvalierebisas calke

SevamowmoT yoveli nawili da meqanizmi da davrwmundeT, rom

liTonis nawilebi ar aris aqerclili, CaJeJili, daJanguli da

gaWuWyianebuli, xolo xis (plastmasis) nawilebi _ daxeTqili

da Camtvreuli, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcioT lulis

arxis, gazis kameris, gazis milakisa da gazis dguSis

mdgomareobas.

66. sakuTnos daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT sakuTnos yvela

sagnis arseboba da gamarTuloba.

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sawmendelasa da jagrisis Sesamowmeblad rigrigobiT

davxraxnoT isini zumbaze da TvaliT SevamowmoT, xom ar

gaiRuna isini; sawmendela da jagrisi mtkiced unda damagrdes

zumbaze, xolo sawmendelas zeda nawili Tavisuflad brunavdes;

jagrisi unda iyos sufTa, misi jagari ar unda cviodes.

penali ar unda iyos damskdari, daJeJili da gaRunuli.

penalis mcire gverdiT xvrelSi ar unda eteodes zumbis Tavi,

sazeTuri ar unda iyos damskdari da gatexili. sazeTuris

Tavsaxurs unda hqondes Sua sadebi da mWidrod unda

exraxnebodes sazeTuris yels. sazeTuridan ar unda Jonavdes

zeTi.

saxraxnisis piri da misi amonaWrebis gverdebi ar unda iyos

gadaRunuli da gacveTili. magdebela ar unda iyos gaRunuli,

mWidi da gadamyvani ar unda iyos damskdari, CaWyletili da

daJeJili. vaznebs unda hqondeT mWidis kiloebSi Tavisuflad

gadaadgilebis saSualeba da maT gamovardnisagan unda ikavebdes

firfitisebri zambaris gadanakecebi. mWidi nebismieri boloTi

Tavisuflad unda Sediodes gadamsvlelSi da magrdebodes masSi

firfitisebri zambariT.

gadamyvani Tavisuflad unda ecemodes savazne kolofis zeda

nawils, amasTan gadamyvanis gadanakecebi unda Sediodnen savazne

kolofis saTanado kiloebSi.

avtomatis daTvalierebisas gamovlenili yvela gaumarTaobis

Sesaxeb jariskacebma da serJantebma dauyovnebliv unda

moaxsenon Tavis meTaurs.

oficrebis mier avtomatis sakontrolo daTvalierebis wesi

67. oficrebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs awyobil da daSlil

mdgomareobaSi.

68. awyobili avtomati unda davaTvalieroT 64-e da 65-e

muxlebis Sesabamisad. amas garda, unda SevamowmoT:

1) savazneSi vaznebis miwodeba, masrebis amoReba da arekvla:

aRvWurvoT savazne kolofi saswavlo vaznebiT, mivaerToT igi

avtomatze da savazne kolofis saketelaze xelis daWeris

69

gareSe, xelis moZraobiT vcadoT savazne kolofis moxsna –

savazne kolofi Tavisuflad unda Sediodes lulis kolofis

sarkmelSi da saimedod magrdebodes savazne kolofis

saketelaTi. ramdenimejer gadavtenoT avtomati, amasTan

saswavlo vaznebi Seuferxeblad unda gadadiodes savazne

kolofidan savazneSi da energiulad vardebodes lulis

kolofidan gareT.

2) kondaxis gamarTuloba. kondaxis firfitis xraxnebi

bolomde unda iyos daxraxnili, xraxnebis Tavis Wrili

gawmendili. firfitis sarqvelze TiTis daWerisas penali mZime

zambaris zemoqmedebiT unda gamoiwios kondaxis budidan

imdenad, rom SesaZlebeli iyos misi xeliT gamoReba, dasakeci

kondaxi unda SevamowmoT ise, rogorc naCvenebia 66-e muxlSi.

amas garda, SevamowmoT xom ar aris gatexili avtomatis

kondaxi.

3) savazne kolofebis gamarTuloba: savazne kolofi ar unda

iyos damskdari, amotexili da aqerclili korpussa da

gadanakecebSi, ramac SeiZleba Seaferxos vaznebis miwodeba.

saCeri Tamasis Sverili saimedod unda iWerdes savazne

kolofis sarqvels. mimwodebeli zambaris zemoqmedebiT

energiulad unda brundebodes zeda mdgomareobaSi.

4) avtomatis xiSt-danis gamarTuloba. xiSt-dana kargad unda

magrdebodes avtomatze, Tavisuflad exsnebodes mas da kargad

jdebodes qarqaSSi. pirze ar unda hqondes amonatexebi, xolo

qarqaSsa da saxelurze amonatexebi da bzarebi.

69. daSlil mdgomareobaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisaTvis

unda davSaloT arasrulad an srulad da kargad gavamSraloT

nawilebi.

daSlil mdgomareobaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisas SevadaroT

mis nawilebze arsebuli nomrebi (mux.5) da saguldagulod

davaTvalieroT yoveli nawili da meqanizmi, raTa davrwmundeT,

rom liTonis nawilebi ar aris gacveTili, CaRunuli,

CaWyletili, daJanguli, daWuWyianebuli, ar aris moglejili

kuTxvili, xis nawilebze SevamowmoT naxeTqebisa da

danartyamebis, xolo plastmasis nawilebze _ naxeTqebisa da

ganatexebis ararseboba.

70

1) lulis daTvalierebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda

mivaqcioT lulis arxis mdgomareobas. lulis arxi unda

davaTvalieroT salule nawilis mxridan. amisaTvis lulis

kolofSi movaTavsoT TeTri qaRaldi, lula daviWiroT iseT

mdgomareobaSi, rom Suqi ireklebodes qaRaldidan da anaTebdes

lulis arxs. savazne unda davaTvalieroT bolo nawilis

mxridan.

lulis arxSi SeiZleba SevamCnioT Semdegi nakli:

- gaxurebis bade, urTierTgadamkveTi wvrili zolebis saxiT,

rogorc wesi, mdebareobs bolo nawilSi, Semdgom, srolisas,

gaxurebis badis adgilebSi warmoiSoba naxeTqebi da iwyeba

qromis danamceceba calkeuli wertilebis saxiT, Semdeg

danamceceba Zlierdeba da gadadis qromis amotexaSi, qromis

amotexis adgilebis arasakmarisad kargad gawmendam SeiZleba

gamoiwvios Jangis warmoSoba.

niJarebi _ mniSvnelovani CaRrmavebebi liTonSi, warmoiSoba

lulidan xangrZlivi srolis (lulis gaxurebis) an qromis

amotexis adgilebSi Jangis xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Sedegad;

lula, romelSic warmoiSoba qromis amonatexi an niJarebi

srolis Semdeg unda gaiwmindos gansakuTrebiT saguldagulod.

SeiaraRebuli TvaliT SesamCnevi naWdevis gaxexva an naWdevis

ferdebis kuTxeebis damrgvaleba (gansakuTrebiT, marcxena

wiboze).

lulis gaberva – romelic SeimCneva lulis arxSi ganivi

muqi (Crdilovani) mWidro rkalis (naxevarkalis) saxiT an

lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amozneqiT.

gaberili lulidan srolis SesaZleblobas gansazRvravs

oficeri. avtomati, romlis lulac rkaliseburad odnav aris

gaberili lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amozneqis gareSe,

Semdgomi srolisaTvis gamosadegia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi

pasuxobs normaluri moxvedrebis moTxovnebs. lulis arxis

gamovlenili naklovanebebi unda SevitanoT avtomatis

Tvisebrivi mdgomarebis baraTSi, formulaSi.

lulis garedan daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT xom ar aris

gazis kameris milyelis Wrilze amonatexebi da SevamowmoT

fiqsatoris moqmedeba. TiTis daWeriT fiqsatori iolad unda

71

iZirebodes, xolo ganTavisuflebis Semdeg gadiodes Tavisi

budidan da iRebdes pirvandel mdgomareobas, Sediodes lulis

muxruW-kompensatoris (kompensatoris) RarSi, CaZiruli

fiqsatorisas lulis muxruW-kompensatori (kompensatoris)

Zaldautaneblad unda amoixraxnebodes lulidan.

2) lulis kolofis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT: xom ar

aris gatexili lulis kolofis amreklavi Sverili, xom ar

aris gaRunuli an amotexili gadanakecebi, xom ar iryeva

kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri, muSaobs Tu ara savazne

kolofis saketela zambara.

3) saketis CarCos daTvalierebisas yuradReba mivaqcioT

gazis dguSis damagrebas, romelsac unda hqondes umniSvnelod

ryevis saSualeba.

4) saketis daTvalierebisas mivaqcioT yuradReba

damrtymelisa da gamommgdebis gamarTulobas.

damrtymelis gamarTulobis Sesamowmeblad saketi movaqcioT

vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, amis Semdeg movabrunoT 180

gradusiT, damrtymeli unda gadaadgildes saketSi sakuTari

wonis zemoqmedebiT. gavwioT damrtymeli bolomde win,

sacemeli unda gamodiodes saketis Wrilis fskeris xvrelidan,

sacemeli ar unda iyos aqerclili an Zalian gaxurebuli.

gamommgdebis gamarTulobis Sesamowmeblad TiTiT gadavwioT

igi gverdze da gavuSvaT gamommgdebi, igi zambaris zemoqmedebiT,

energiulad unda dabrundes pirvandel mdgomareobaSi, CavdoT

saswavlo vazna gamommgdebis CamWidis qveS da vcadoT misi win

gamoReba – vaznas mtkiced unda ikavebdes gamommgdebis CamWidi.

igi ar unda iyos aqerclili.

5) damabrunebeli da damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmebis

nawilebis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT: xom ar aris gatexili

an gaRunuli zambarebi, daxeTqili da gatexili nawilebi.

sabrZolo vaznebis daTvaliereba

70. vaznebis daTvaliereba xdeba srolisa da ganwesSi

gasvlis win, meTauris gankargularebiT.

72

vaznebis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT:

- xom ar aris gaWyletili da daJanguli masrebi, xom ar

iryeva tyvia masris lulaSi;

- xom ar aris kafsuli mwvaned Seferili da xom ar iCreba

kafsuli masris fskeris zedapirze maRla.

- xom ar aris sabrZolo vaznebs Soris saswavlo vaznebi.

yvela gaumarTavi vazna unda CavyaroT sawyobSi. Tu vaznebi

daimtvra, daWuWyianda, daifara cotaodeni nafifqiT an JangiT,

aucilebelia maTi mSrali, sufTa ZonZiT gawmenda. akrZalulia

vaznebis gawmenda zeTiT gaJRenTili ZonZiT da maTi Cawyoba

Signidan Zalian SezeTil savazne kolofebSi.

avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis

71. avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis xdeba srolis dros

misi Seuferxebeli muSaobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

avtomatis srolisaTvis momzadeba xdeba aTeulis meTauris

xelmZRvanelobiT.

72. srolisaTvis avtomatis mosamzadeblad aucilebelia:

- gavwmindoT daSlil mdgomareobaSi, davaTvalieroT da

SevzeToT avtomati;

- davaTvalieroT awyobili avtomati;

- davaTvalieroT savazne kolofebi.

uSualod srolis win kargad gavamSraloT lulis arxi

(kuTxviliani nawili da savazne). davaTvalieroT vaznebi da

aRvWurvoT savazne kolofebi.

Tu avtomati xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi iyo yinvaSi,

maSin mis datenamde xeliT ramdenimejer energiulad gadavwioT

ukan da gavwioT win saketis CarCo.

73

Tavi VII

avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi miyvana normalur moxvedrebamde

saerTo debulebani

73. qvedanayofSi arsebuli avtomati yovelTvis miyvanili

unda iyos normalur moxvedrebamde.

avtomatis moxvedrebis sizuste mowmdeba;

- qvedanayofSi misi miRebisas;

- im nawilebis garemontebis an gamocvlis Semdeg, romelTac

SeeZloT misi moxvedrebis sizustis Secvla;

- srolis dros tyviebis normaze metad gadaxris aRmoCenisas;

- sabrZolo viTarebaSi avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis

periodulad Semowmebisa da misi normalur moxvedrebamde

miyvanisaTvis gamoyenebuli unda iqnas yovelgvari SesaZlebloba.

74. moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebamde avtomati

saguldagulod unda davaTvalieroT da aRmovfxvraT

gamovlenili gaumarTaobani.

75. avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi miyvana

normalur moxvedrebamde sruldeba aseulis (batareis,

oceulis, instruqtoris) meTauris xelmZRvanelobiT,

sasroleTze wynar amindSi daxurul tirSi an sasroleTis

qarisagan dacul ubanze, normaluri ganaTebisas.

pirdapiri ufrosebi (nawilis meTauris CaTvliT) movaleni

arian Tvalyuri adevnon avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis

Semowmebisa da misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanis wesebis

zust dacvas.

76. srola avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Sesamowmeblad da

misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisas sruldeba jariskacebis

(msrolelebis) mier individualurad.

77. avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi

normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana xdeba Cveulebrivi

foladisgulariani vaznebis sroliT. srolis siSore 100 m,

kora_3, mdgomareoba srolisaTvis: avtomatiT – wolela,

74

sayrdeniT. avtomati xiSt-danis gareSe. avtomatis normalur

moxvedrebamde miyvana xdeba lulis muxruW-kompensatorianad

(kompensatorianad), romlebic maT Semdgom srolisas ar

exsnebaT.

78. isvrian Sesamowmebel niSanSi an 35 sm-is simaRlisa da 25

sm-is siganis Sav marTkuTxedSi, igi magrdeba 1 m-is simaRlisa

da 0,5 m-is siganis farze, romelic idgmeba miwis zedapiris

doneze (sxivi ar unda gadiodes). Sesamowmebel niSanSi #1

srolisas (nax.48) damiznebis wertilad miRebulia niSnis qveda kidis Suawertili, AKM avtomatiT srolisas pirvel, xolo АК-74 gadaWril mexuTe horizontalur xazze; sakontrolo

wertilad miRebulia wreebis centri, Sav marTkuTxedSi

srolisas damiznebis wertilad miRebulia marTkuTxedis kidis

Sua wertili; sakontrolo wertilis mdebareoba aRiniSneba

vertikalur zolze damiznebis wertilis zemoT, AKM avtomatiT srolisas 25sm, xolo АК-74–iT srolisas 13 sm-is

manZilze, damiznebis wertili unda imyofebodes daaxloebiT

msrolelis Tvalis doneze.

moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana

79. moxvedrebis sizustis Sesamowmeblad msroleli asrulebs 3 erTeul gasrolas (avtomatis normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisaTvis gankuTvnilia 18 vazna). Sesamowmebeli niSnis (Savi marTkuTxedis) qveda Sua wertilis qveS erTgvari da gulmodgine damiznebiT (dro srolisaTvis ganusazRvrelia). srolis damTavrebisas, meTauri (instruqtori), romelic xelmZRvanelobs moxverebis sizustis Semowmebas msrolelebTan erTad, aTvalierebs natyviarebis gafantvis gabarits, misi diametri ar unda aRematebodes 15 sm-s. Tu gafantvis gabariti damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs (moxvedrebis saSualo wertils) aRniSnavs cifriT `1~, ris Semdegac msroleli brundeba sacecxle poziciaze (xazze) da isvris momdevno 3 gasrolian jgufs. Semdeg isev srolis xelmZRvanelTan (instruqtorTan) amowmebs natyviarebis gabarits, da Tu gafantvis gabariti damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs aRniSnavs

75

cifriT `2~. Semdeg moniSnavs orive jgufis centrs (moxvedris saSualo wertils) - `X~. Tu orive jgufis natyviari Tavsdeba 16 sm-iani diametris wreSi, msroleli arkvevs, Tu saiT da ra sididiT unda gadaadgildes moxvedris saSualo wertili imisaTvis, rom avtomati mivides normalur moxvedrebamde (ganisazRvreba moxvedris saSualo wertilis daSoreba sakontrolo wertilidan vertikalur da horizontalur sibrtyeSi). Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili imyofeba sakontrolo wertilis qveviT, samizne unda CavxraxnoT, Tu zeviT – amovxraxnoT. Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis marcxnivaa - samizne mowyobilobis niSani gavwioT marcxniv, Tu marjvnivaa – marjvniv. samizne mowyobilobis niSnis 1 mm-iT gverdze (marjvniv-marcxniv) gadawevisas moxvedris saSualo wertili avtomatiT 100 m-ze srolisas gadaiweva 26 sm-iT, xolo niSnis erTi sruli bruniT (3600) mobruneba gadaadgilebs moxvedris saSualo wertils 20 sm-ze. samizne mowyobilobis regulirebis Semdeg msroleli ganagrZobs srolas avtomati normalur moxvedrebamde misayvanad.

nax. 48. Sesamowmebeli niSani #1

76

82. sami natyviaris moxvedris Sua wertilis

gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa:

- natyviarebi SevaerToT swori xazebiT, maTi Suaguli iqneba

moxverebis saSualo wertili. (nax.49).

nax. 49. moxvedris Sua wertilis gansazRvra

RamiT srolis samizne universaluri (НСПУ), moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana

83. (AKMН da АК-74Н) avtomatebis Ria samizniT moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebisa da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanis

damTavrebis Semdeg warmoebs RamiT srolis samizne universaluris (НСПУ), normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisaTvis

dRis an bindbundis pirobebSi saWiroa:

- SevamowmoT, Seesabameba Tu ara Ramis samizneze dayenebuli

damiznebis kuTxeebis skalis niSandeba konkretuli iaraRis

tips: avtomatze AKMН-1 (AKMНС-1) unda iyos niSandeba AKM, avtomatze АК-74Н (АКС-74Н) - АК-74; - davamagroT Ramis samizne avtomatze;

- davamagroT avtomati samizne dazgaze;

- davayenoT avtomatis samizne Tamasaze danayofi “3” avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1 (AKMCH-1) da danayofi “4” avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H);

77

- Ria amosamizniT davumiznoT iaraRi 100 metriT

dacilebul damiznebis wertilSi (Sesamowmebeli niSani #1)

iseve, rogorc Ria samizne mowyobilobiT normalur

moxvedrebamde miyvanisas;

- xelsawyoze damiznebis kuTxeebis skala davayenoT danayofze “3” avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1(AKMCH-1), da danayofze “4” avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H). - davrwmundeT, rom samiznis diafragma daxurulia;

- CavrToT samizne da misi marTvis saSualebebiT mivaRwioT

badis naTebisa da amosamiznis gamosaxulebis optimalur

sidideebs;

- SevamowmoT emTxveva Tu ara badis samizne kuTxvilis

kenwero imave damiznebis wertils, romelzec mimarTulia Ria

samiznis niSani;

- Tu damiznebis wertilebi ar emTxveva, badis samizne

kuTxvilis kenwero unda gadavaadgiloT samizneze meqanikuri

moqmedebebiT ise, rom daemTxves im damiznebis wertils

romelSic mimarTulia Ria samiznis niSani;

- movxsnaT Ramis samiznesTan erTad avtomati samizne

dazgidan; - sabrZolo vaznebiT sroliT #1 Sesamowmebel niSanSi unda ganisazRvros srolis SequCuloba da moxvedris saSualo wertilis mdebareoba, amisaTvis isvrian erTeuli gasrolebiT. damiznebis wertilia Savi marTkuTxedis qveda kidis Sua wertili, sakontrolo wertilis mdebareoba aRiniSneba vertikalur xazze damiznebis wertilis zemoT: - kalaSnikovis avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1(AKMCH-1) – 21 sm; - kalaSnikovis avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H) – 20 sm; yoveli gasrola xorcieldeba erTsa da imave damiznebis wertilSi; - jariskaci asrulebs 3 erTeul gasrolas da instruqtorTan erTad amowmebs natyviarebis gafantvis gabarits, misi diametri ar unda aRematebodes 15 sm-s. Tu gafantvis gabariti damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs (moxvedris saSualo wertils) aRniSnavs cifriT “1”; - jariskaci brundeba cecxlis xazze da da isvris momdevno 3 vaznian jgufs. Semdeg isev instruqtorTan erTad amowmebs natyviarebis gafantvis gabarits, da Tu gafantvis gabariti

78

damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs aRniSnavs cifriT “2”. Semdeg moniSnavs orive jgufis centrs (moxvedris saSualo wertils) – “X”; - Tu orive jgufis natyviarebi Tavsdeba 16 sm-iani diametris wreSi, jariskaci arkvevs, Tu saiT da ra sididiT unda gadaadgildes moxvedris saSualo wertili imisaTvis, rom avtomati mivides normalur moxvedramde (ganisazRvreba moxvedris saSualo wertilis daSoreba sakontrolo wertilidan vertikalur da horizontalur sibrtyeebSi). Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili imyofeba sakontrolo wertilis qveviT, samiznes dolura unda davatrialoT im mxares, saiTac isari miuTiTebs BBEPX CTП, Tu zeviT – BHÈÇ CTП; doluras erTi danayofiT motrialeba 100 metrSi srolisas, gadaaadgilebs moxvedris saSualo wertils 5 sm-iT. Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis marcxnivaa – samiznes mimmarTveli mivatrialoT mimarTulebiT BÏÐÀÂÎ CTП, xolo Tu marjvnivaa – mimarTulebiT BËÅÂÎ CTП. mimmarTvelis erTi danayofiT motrialeba 100 metrSi srolisas, gadaaadgilebs moxvedris saSualo wertils 5 sm-iT. samizne mowyobilobis regulirebis Semdeg jariskaci

agrZelebs srolas Aavtomatis normalur moxvedrebamde

misayvanad.

79

nawili II

avtomatiT srolis ileTebi da wesebi

80

Tavi VIII

avtomatiT srolis ileTebi saerTo debulebani

84. sabrZolo pirobebSi avtomati gadaitaneba masTan

mierTebuli aRWurvili savazne kolofiT.

85. avtomatiT srola SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari

mdgomareobidan da nebismieri adgilidan, saidanac Cans mizani an

im adgilmdebareobis ubani, romelzedac mosalodnelia

mowinaaRmdegis gamoCena.

adgilidan qveiT wyobaSi cecxlis gaxsnisTvis msroleli

srolisaTvis iRebs mdgomela, Coqela da wolela mdgomareobas

(adgilmdebareobis pirobebidan da mowinaaRmdegis cecxlidan

gamomdinare).

moZraobaSi cecxlis gaxsna SeiZleba svlisas an xanmokle

SeCerebisas.

javSantransportiorze, qveiTi jaris sabrZolo manqanaze,

avtomobilze, tanksa da sadesanto gadasayvan saSualebebze

gadaadgilebisas meavtomate cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis iRebs misTvis

moxerxebul mdgomareobas, usafrTxoebis zomebis dacviT.

86. sabrZolo pirobebSi msroleli srolisaTvis adgils

ikavebs da moawyobs aTeulis meTauris komandebiT an

damoukideblad, srolisaTvis adgilis dasakaveblad gacemul

komandaSi meTaurma SeiZleba agreTve gansazRvros mowyobisaTvis

saWiro dro, srolisaTvis mdgomareoba, dacxrilvis seqtori an

srolis mimarTuleba.

avtomatidan srolisaTvis aucilebelia iseTi adgilis

SerCeva, romelic uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso TvalTvalsa da

cecxlis daSenas, ifaravs meavtomates mowinaaRmdegis

meTvalyureobisa da cecxlisagan da aZlevs mas srolis

ileTebis moxerxebulad Sesrulebis saSualebas.

viTarebidan gamomdinare, srolisTvis adgili airCeva

tranSeaSi, sangarSi, Wurvisagan warmoqmnil ZabrSi, TxrilSi,

qvis an kunZis ukan da aS.

81

dasaxlebul punqtSi srolisaTvis adgili SeiZleba airCes

Senobis fanjaraSi, sxvenze, nagebobebis saZirkvelSi da aS.

ar aris mizanSewonili srolisaTvis adgilis SerCeva

calkeul gamorCeul adgilobriv sagnebTan axlos, agreTve

maRlobebis Txemebze.

87. srolisaTvis adgilis winaswari momzadebisas

aucilebelia SevamowmoT mocemul seqtorSi an mimarTulebaze

cecxlis warmoebis SesaZlebloba, risTvisac avtomati

Tanamimdevrulad unda davumiznoT sxvadasxva adgilobriv

sagnebs.

moxerxebulobisa da avtomatiT srolis efeqturobis

amaRlebisaTvis, aucilebelia salulisaTvis sayrdenis momzadeba.

88. srolisaTvis adgilis dasakaveblad gaicema komanda,

magaliTad: `esa da es meavtomate, srolis ama da am adgilze –

brZolisaTvis.~ am komandiT meavtomate, adgilmdebareobasTan

SewyobiT, swrafad ikavebs srolisaTvis adgils da emzadeba

srolisaTvis.

89. srolisaTvis adgilis Sesacvlelad gaicema komanda,

magaliTad: `aman da am meavtomatem gadairbinos aqa da aq - win.~

am komandiT meavtomate isaxavs axal adgilze win wawevis gzas,

farul adgilebs SeCerebisaTvis da gadaadgilebis xerxs, Tu

igi ar iqna komandiT miTiTebuli.

viTarebidan da adgilmdebareobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare

meavtomate brZolisas gadaadgildeba sirbiliT, aCqarebuli

nabijiT, gadarbeniT an gadaxoxviT. gadaadgilebis dawyebamde

avtomati dgeba mcvelze.

sirbiliT, aCqarebuli nabijiT da gadarbeniT moZraobisas

avtomati unda davikavoT erTi an orive xeliT, rogorc ufro

moxerxebulia.

gadaxoxvisas avtomati unda daviWiroT marjvena xeliT

qamriT zeda rgol rkalTan an saluliT (nax.50).

90. sacecxle amocanebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis

meavtomate srulyofilad unda flobdes avtomatiT srolis

ileTebs.

82

nax. 50. avtomatis dakaveba plastunuri xoxvis dros

yovelma meavtomatem unda ixelmZRvanelos srolis ileTebis

Sesrulebis saerTo wesebiT da iTvaliswinebs ra Tavis

individulaur Taviseburebebs unda gamoimuSaos da gamoiyenos

yvelaze ufro xelsayreli da mdgradi mdgomareoba

srolisaTvis, miaRwios Tavis korpusis xelebisa da fexebis

erTgar mdgomareobaSi dayenebas. meavtomatis fizikuri

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, nebadarTulia srolis warmoeba

marcxena mxridan, damizneba orive gaxelili TvaliT da a.S.

91. avtomatiT srola Sedgeba srolisaTvis gamzadebisagan,

srolis (gasrolis) warmoebisa da srolis Sewyvetisagan.

srolisaTvis momzadeba

92. meavtomate srolisaTvis emzadeba komandiT an

damoukideblad. saswavlo mecadineobaze srolisaTvis gamzadebis

komanda SeiZleba gaices gancalkevebulad, mag. `cecxlis gaxsnis

zRudeze, nabijiT-iar~ da Semdeg `datene~.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi `datene~ komandis win mieTiTeba

mdgomareoba srolisaTvis.

93. srolisaTvis gamzadeba Seicavs srolisaTvis mdgomarebis

miRebasa da avtomatis datenas.

94. srolisaTvis wolela mdgomareobis misaRebad saWiroa:

1) Tu avtomati moTavsebulia mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~,

avwioT marjvena xeli qamriT cota zemoT da avtomatis mxridan

moxsnisas daviWiroT igi marcxena xelSi sasxleti kaviTa da

lulis kolofiT, Semdeg aviRoT avtomati marjvena xelSi

lulis zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule nawiliT win. amasTan,

erTdroulad marjvena fexiT gadavdgaT sruli nabiji win da

odnav marjvniv. davixaroT win, daveSvaT marcxena muxlze da

83

davdoT marcxena xeli miwaze sxeulis win, TiTebiT marjvniv

(nax.51a) Semdeg marcxena fexis barZaysa da marcxena xelis

winamxarze Tanmimdevrulad dayrdnobiT, davwveT marcxena

mxareze da swrafad gadmovbrundeT mucelze, fexebi gavSaloT

odnav ganze, wverebiT SigniT; avtomati saluliT davdoT

marcxena xelisgulze (nax.51b).

nax. 51. avtomatiT srolisaTvis wolela

mdgomareobis miRebis wesi a. meavtomate eyrdnoba marcxena muxlsa da marcxena xels;

b. avtomati daWerilia saluliT marcxena xelSi.

2) avtomati `mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, marcxena xeliT

aviRoT avtomati saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT, avwioT igi

odnav zemoT da win, gamoviRoT marjvena xeli qamris qveSidan,

Semdeg gadavigdoT qamari Tavs ukan da aviRoT avtomati

marjvena xelSi lulis zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule

nawiliT win. Semdgom srolisaTvis wolela mdgomareoba miiReba

iseve, rogorc miiReba avtomatis `qamarze~ mdgomareobidan.

95. srolisaTvis Coqela mdgomareobis misRebad saWiroa:

aviRoT avtomati marjvena xelSi (102-e muxli) lulis

zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule nawiliT win da amasTan

erTdroulad, gadavdgamT ra marjvena fexs, daveSvaT marjvena

muxlze da CavjdeT quslze; marcxena fexis wvivi unda darCes

vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, xolo barZayebma unda Seadginon

84

maTTan miaxloebuli kuTxe; gadavitanoT avtomati saluliT

marcxena xelSi, mivmarToT igi miznis mxares (nax.52)

nax. 52. srolisaTvis Coqela mdgomareoba

96. srolisaTvis mdgomela mdgomareobis misaRebad saWiroa:

1) Tu avtomati aris mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~, naxevarbruniT

movabrunoT marjvniv miznis mimarTulebis mimarT da marcxena

fexis miudgomlad, gadavdgaT igi marcxniv daaxloebiT mxrebis

siganeze, rogorc ufro xelsayrelia meavtomatisaTvis, amasTan,

sxeulis simZime Tanabrad unda gavanawiloT orive fexze.

erTdroulad avwioT marjvena xeli qamriT odnav zemoT,

movixsnaT avtomati mxridan, qvemoT daviWiroT igi marcxena

xelSi saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT da energiulad gavwioT

igi saluliT win, miznis mimarTulebiT (nax.53).

2) Tu avtomati `mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, qvemodan aviRoT

marcxena xelSi saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT da, avwevT ra

mas ramdenadme zeviT da win, gamoviRoT marjvena xeli qamris

qveSidan, xolo Semdeg gadavigdoT qamari Tavs zemoT.

erTdroulad movbrundeT naxevarbruniT marjvniv da marcxena

fexis miudgomlad, gadavdgaT igi marcxniv daaxloebiT mxrebis

siganeze, rogorc ufro xelsayrelia meavtomatisaTvis da

energiulad gavwioT avtomati salule nawiliT win, miznis

mimarTulebiT (nax.53).

85

nax. 53. srolisaTvis mdgomela mdgomareoba

97. srolisaTvis mdgomareobis miRebisas, roca avtomati

`mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, SeiZleba qamari kisridan ki ar

movixsnaT, aramed gamoviyenoT igi srolisas avtomatis ufro

myarad daWerisaTvis (nax.54a,b).

nax. 54. mdgomareoba avtomatiT srolisaTvis qamris gamoyenebiT

a. Coqela; b. mdgomela;

98. avtomatis dasatenad saWiroa:

- aRWurvili savazne kolofi mivaerToT avtomatTan (mux.7.

p.10), Tu igi ar iyo mierTebuli;

86

- movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan;

- energiulad gavwioT saketis CarCo bolomde ukan da

gavuSvaT igi;

- davayenoT avtomati mcvelze (nax.55), Tu cecxli

dauyovnebliv ar unda gaixsnas da ar gaica komanda `cecxli~

da gadavitanoT marjvena xeli pistoletis saxelurze.

nax. 55. avtomati dayenebulia mcvelze

99. Tu avtomatis datenis win savazne kolofi ar iqna vaznebiT aRWurvili an vaznebi daixarja srolisaTvis, maSin aucilebelia savazne kolofis aRWurva. savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvisaTvis unda aviRoT igi marcxena xelSi sayeluriT zeviT da amozneqili mxriT marcxniv, xolo marjvena xelSi – vaznebi, tyviebiT nekisaken ise, rom masris fskeri cer da saCvenebel TiTebze odnav zemoT iyos. daviWiroT savazne kolofi marcxniv mcire gadaxriT, ceris daWeriT (nax.56) vaznebi TiTo-TiTod CavdoT gverdiTi kedlebis gadanakecebis qveS, masris fskeriT savazne kolofis ukana kedlisaken.

nax. 56. savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurva

87

savazne kolofis mWidis vaznebiT (АК-74) aRWurvisaTvis saWiroa: marcxena xeliT aviRoT savazne kolofi, marjvenaTi

mivuerToT mas gadamyvani ise, rom misi gadanakecebi Sevides

savazne kolofis sayelurze arsebul Sesabamis kiloebSi

(nax.57); daviWiroT savazne kolofi marcxena xelSi, marjvena

xeliT CavsvaT vaznebiani mWidi gadamsvlelSi, amasTan, vaznebi

tyviebiT zemoT unda iyos mimarTuli; marjvena xelis

saCvenebeli TiTis daWeriT zeda vaznis masris korpusze

(fskerTan) da mWidis gatarebiT Sua da saCvenebel TiTebs

Soris, CavZiroT vaznebi savazne kolofSi.

gamoviRoT gadamyvanidan carieli mWidi, CavsvaT mWidi

axali vaznebiT da bolomde davtenoT savazne kolofi; movxsnaT

savazne kolofidan gadamyvani. mWidis gamoyeneba aCqarebs savazne

kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvas.

nax. 57. АК-74-is savazne kolofis aRWurva mWidis vaznebiT

1. savazne kolofi; 2. gadamyvani; 3. mWidi; 4. vaznebi.

mWidis vaznebiT aRWurvisaTvis CavsvaT igi gadamsvlelSi ise,

rom igi Sevides gadamyvanis kiloebSi da miebjinos mis

sayrdens. davikavoT gadamyvaniani mWidi marcxena xelSi, marjvena

xeliT daviWerT ra vaznas tyviiT da masris zeda nawils sami

TiTiT (ceri, saCvenebeli da SuaTiTi), CavsvaT igi mWidis

kiloebSi (nax.58a)

mWidis vaznebiT aRWurva SeiZleba gadamyvanis gareSec;

amisaTvis daviWiroT mWidi marcxena xelSi, xolo marjvenaSi –

vazna; davaWiroT zambaris CamWids da CavsvaT tyvia mWidsa da

zambaras Soris (CavZiroT CamWidi); CavsvaT vaznebi mWidis

kiloebSi (nax.58b) gamoviRoT vaznis tyvia mWidis zambaris

qveSidan.

88

nax. 58. mWidis aRWurva vaznebiT (АК-74)

a. gadamsvleliT; b. gadamyvanis gareSe;

100. dasakeckondaxiani avtomatiT srolisaTvis gamzadebisas

avtomatis datenis win unda gadavxsnaT kondaxi (mux.15).

kondaxis gadaxsnisaTvis drois uqonlobisas (mowinaaRmdegis

uecari Tavdasxmisas) meavtomate emzadeba dakecilkondaxiani

avtoamatiT srolisaTvis da isvris, risTvisac avtomats lulis

kolofis ukana nawiliTa da pistoletis saxeluriT miibjens

sxeulze (nax.59).

nax. 59. srolisaTvis mdgomareoba dakecili kondaxiT

89

srola

101. avtomatiT cecxli ixsneba komandebiT an damoukideblad,

dasmuli amocanebidan da viTarebidan gamomdinare.

cecxlis gaxsnis komandaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos vin

isrolos, mizani, kora da damiznebis wertili. magaliTad: `aman

da aman (ama da am meavtomatem), meTvalyureze, oTxi, miznis qveS

- cecxli~, `aTeulo, kolonaze, xuTi, qamarSi – cecxli~.

AKM-dan 300m-mde, АК-74-dan 400 metramde manZilze myof

miznebSi srolisas kora da damiznebis wertili SeiZleba ar

iyos miTiTebuli. mag: meavtomatem, moieriSe qveiTebze _

cecxli. am komandiT meavtomate xsnis cecxls koriT 3, 4 an

`II~, xolo damiznebis wertils irCevs damoukideblad.

102. srola (gasrolis) Seicavs koris, agreTve cecxlis

saWiro saxeobaze gadamyvanis dayenebas. kondaxis mxareze

mibjenas, dazianebas, Caxmaxis daSvebasa da srolisas avtomatis

daWeras.

103. koris dasayeneblad saWiroa mivizidoT avtomati Cvensken.

marjvena xelis ceri da saCvenebeli TiTebiT SevkumSoT CarCikis

saketela (nax.60) da gadavwioT CarCiki misi wina Wrilis

SeTavsebamde samizne Tamsaze arsebuli cifris niSanTan

(danayofTan).

nax. 60. koris dayeneba

90

104. gadamyvanis dasayeneblad cecxlis saWiro saxeobaze

(nax.61a,b) marjvena xelis ceris gadamyvanis Sverilze daWeriT,

unda movabrunoT gadamyvani dabla: pirvel tkacanamde –

avtomati cecxlis gaxsnisTvis (AB), meore tkacanamde – erTeuli cecxlis srolisTvis (ОД).

nax. 61. gadamyvanis dayeneba cecxlis saWiro saxeobaze

a. avtomaturi cecxlis gaxsnisTvis; b. erTeuli cecxliT

srolisTvis;

105. avtomatis kondaxis mxarze misabjenad saWiroa:

mxvedvelobidan miznis daukargavad, mivibjinoT kondaxi mxarze

ise, rom vigrZnoT mTeli sakisuris mWidro mibjena mxarTan;

marjvena xelis saCvenebeli TiTi (pirveli saxsriT) davdoT

sasxlet kauWze; davxaroT Tavi odnav win da, kisris

dauZabavad, marjvena loya mivadoT kondaxs.

avtomati marjvena xeliT unda daviWiroT saluliT an

savazne kolofiT, xolo marjvena xeliT pistoletis

saxeluriT (nax.62a,b).

91

nax. 62. avtomatis daWera wolela srolisas

a. marcxena xeliT saluliT; b. marcxena xeliT savazne kolofiT.

avtomatis mxarze mibjenisas idayvebi unda gvqondes: - dabjenili miwaze yvelaze ufro moxerxebul mdgomareobaSi (daaxloebiT mxrebis siganeze wolela da sangrebSi mdgomela an Coqela mdgomareobidan); - marcxena xelis idayvi, dadebuli marcxena fexis rbilobze, muxlTan an misgan odnav daSvebuli, xolo marjvena xelis idayvi aweuli daaxloebiT mxris simaRleze (nax.63a). sangars gareT Coqela mdgomareobaSi srolisas: - marcxena xelis idayvi miWerilia gverdTan yumbarebis CanTis axlos, Tu avtomati gviWiravs savazne kolofiT, xolo marjvena xelis idayvi aweulia daaxloebiT mxaris simaRleze (nax.63b) sangars gareT mdgomela mdgomereobidan srolisas.

nax. 63. avtomatis daWera srolisas mdgomareobidan

a. Coqela; b. mdgomela.

92

Tu avtomatis mxarze mibjenisas gamoiyeneba qamari, srolisas

avtomatis ufro myari dakavebisaTvis, maSin saWiroa qamari

movaTavsoT marcxena xelis mtevnis qveS ise, rom man miaWiros

igi salules (nax.64a,b).

nax. 64. srolisas avtomatis daWera qamris

gamoyenebiT mdgomareobidan a. Coqela; b. mdgomela.

106. dasamizneblad unda movWutoT marcxena Tvali, xolo

marjvenaTi vicqiroT samiznis koris WrilSi ise, rom samizne

moeqces Wrilis SuaSi, xolo misi wveri iyos samizne Tamasis

fafris zeda kideebis doneze, e.i. aviRoT swori samizne (nax.65)

SevikaoT sunTqva amosunTqvis dros. idayvebis gadaadgilebiT,

xolo Tu saWiroa, korpusisa da fexebis gadaadgilebiTac,

miviyvanoT swori samizne damiznebis wertilTan, amasTan

erTdroulad davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs, marjvena xelis

saCvenebeli TiTis pirveli saxsriT damiznebisas Tvalyuri unda

vadevnoT imas, rom samizne Tamasis fafari iyos horizontalur

mdgomareobaSi.

nax. 65. swori samizne

93

107. Caxmaxis dasaSvebad saWiroa myarad daviWiroT avtomati

da sunTqvis SekavebiT, ganvagrZoT sasxlet kauWze nela daWera

manam, sanam Caxmaxi meavtomatis SeumCnevlad ar daeSveba

sabrZolo fexidan, e.i. sanam ar moxdeba gasrola.

Tu damiznebisas swori samizne mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba

damiznebis wertilidan, sasxlet kauWze dawolis Seumcireblad

da gauzrdelad, unda davazustoT damizneba da kvlav

gavaZlieroT sasxlet kauWze daWera.

Caxmaxis daSvebisas ar unda mivaqcioT yuradReba damiznebis

wertilTan swori samiznis msubuq rxevas. damiznebis

wertilTan swori samiznis saukeTeso SeTavsebis momentSi

sasxlet kauWze bolomde daWeris miswrafebas, rogorc wesi,

mivyavarT sasxleti kauWis moqaCvisa da arazusti gasrolisaken.

Tu sasxlet kauWze daWerisas meavtomate igrZnobs, rom aRar

SeuZlia sunTqvis Sekaveba, sasxlet kauWze dawolis

Seumcireblad da gauzrdelad unda ganaaxlos sunTqva da kvlav

Seikavebs ra mas amosunTqvis dros, daazustos damizneba da

ganagrZos sasxlet kauWze daWera.

108. cecxlis gaxsnisas, gansakuTrebiT jerebiT, kondaxi

magrad unda daviWiroT mxarSi, ar SevcvaloT idayvebis

mdgomareoba da SevinarCunoT swori damizneba dazianebis

wertilis qveS. yoveli jeris (gasrolis) Semdeg swrafad unda

aRvadginoT damiznebis siswore. wolela mdgomarebidan

srolisas nebadarTulia savazne kolofiT avtomatis gruntze

mibjena (nax.66).

uwyveti cecxliT srolisas farTo mizanSi nela

gadavaadgiloT swori samizne miznis erTi falangidan meoremde.

nax. 66. avtomatis mdgomareoba srolisas savazne

kolofis gruntze mibjeniT

94

srolis Sewyveta

109. srolis Sewyveta SeiZleba iyos droebiTi da sruli.

110. srolis droebiTi da sruli SewyvetisaTvis, agreTve

moZraobisas srolis dros gaicema komanda - `Sewyvite cecxli~.

am komandebiT meavtomate wyvets sasxlet kauWze daWeras,

ayenebs avtomats mcvelze da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, cvlis

savazne kolofs.

111. savazne kolofis Sesacvlelad saWiroa:

- movxsnaT savazne kolofi avtomatidan.

- mivaerToT aRWurvili savazne kolofi.

Tu savazne kolofidan yvela vazna daixarja, maSin avtomati

unda movxsnaT mcvelidan, gadavwioT saketis CarCo saxeluriT

bolomde ukan, gavuSvaT igi da kvlav davayenoT avtomati

mcvelze.

nax. 67. avtomatis mdgomareoba cecxlis Sewyvetis Semdeg

112. srolis sruli SewyvetisaTvis `sdeq~ an `Sewyvite~

cecxli komandis Semdeg gaicema komanda `dacale~. am komandiT

meavtomate ayenebs avtomats mcvelze, ukan gadaWimavs CarCiks,

ayenebs avtomatis koras `II~-ze, clis avtomats

dasakeckondaxian avtomatze, amis garda, kecavs kondaxs (muxli

15) wolela mdgomareobidan srolisas dauSvebs kondaxs

(lulis kolofis ukana nawils) miwaze, xolo avtomatis

salule nawils idebs marcxena xelis winamxarze (nax.67) da

Semdgom moqmedebs viTarebidan gamomdinare.

sangridan srolisas avtomati daclis Semdeg SeiZleba

davdoT sangris brustverze, saketis CarCos saxeluriT qvemoT.

113. avtomatis dasaclelad saWiroa:

95

- movxsnaT savazne kolofi;

- movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan.

- nela gadavwioT saketis CarCo saxeluriT ukan, gamoviRoT

vazna savaznidan da gavuSvaT saketis CarCo;

- davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs (davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo

fexidan);

- davayenoT avtomati mcvelze, aviRoT igi `qamarze~, Tu

isvroden mdgomela mdgomareobidan, an davdoT miwaze, Tu

isvroden wolela mdgomareobidan;

- gamoviRoT vaznebi savazne kolofidan da mivuerToT igi

avtomats:

- aviRoT miwidan savaznidan gamogdebuli vazna.

nax. 68. savazne kolofidan vaznebis gamoReba

savazne kolofidan vaznebis gamosaRebad marcxena xelSi unda aviRoT savazne kolofi sayeluriT zemoT, sayrdeni SveriliT Cvensken, marjvena xeliT vaznis meSveobiT, gadavwevT ra vaznebs TiTo-TiTod Cvengan, gamoviRoT isini savazne kolofidan (nax.68) 114. asadgomad - orive xeli unda mivWimoT sxeulidan mkerdis doneze, avtomati unda gveWiros marjvena xelSi saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT, amasTan erTdroulad mivwioT orive fexi erTmaneTTan (nax.69a), xelebis mkveTri gasworebiT, avwioT mkerdi miwidan da gavitanoT marjvena (marcxena) fexi win (nax.69b), swrafad avdgeT da, Tu saWiroa, daviwyoT moZraoba. 115. daclis Semdeg, Tu saWiroa, meTauri gascems komandas, `iaraRi-dasaTvaliereblad~. am komandiT:

96

- wolela mdgomareobaSi: unda movxsnaT savazne kolofi da davdoT igi avtomatis gverdze sayeluriT Cvenken, movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan, saxeluriT ukan gadavwioT saketis CarCo da movabrunoT avtomati ramdenadme marcxniv; meTuris mier savaznisa da savazne kolofis daTvalierebis Semdeg gavwioT saketis CarCo win, davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo fexidan (davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs), davayenoT avtomati mcvelze da mivuerToT avtomats savazne kolofi.

nax. 69. `adeq~ -komandis Sesruleba

a. meavtomatis mdgomareoba adgomis win; b. marjvena (marcxena) fexis

win gadatana mdgomela mdgomareobaSi.

nax. 70. avtomati momzadebulia mdgomela

mdgomareobaSi dasaTvaliereblad

97

marcxena xelSi daviWiroT avtomati saluliT, marjvenaTi

movxsnaT savazne kolofi da gadavdoT igi marcxena xelSi

mimwodebliT zemoT (amozneqili nawiliT Cvengan), marcxena

xelis TiTebiT mivaWiroT savazne kolofi avtomatis salules;

movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan, gadavwioT saketis CarCo ukan da

movabrunoT avtomati ramdenadme marcxniv (nax. 70).

meTauris mier savaznisa da savazne kolofis daTvalierebis

Semdeg gavuSvaT saketis CarCo win, davuSvaT sabrZolo fexidan

(davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs), davayenoT avtomati mcvelze,

mivaerToT savazne kolofi da aviRoT avtomati mdgomareobaSi

`qamarze~ an mivitanoT fexTan.

sayrdenidan da safridan srolis ileTebi

116. sayrdenis an safris simaRlidan gamomdinare, meavtomate

iRebs srolisaTvis mdgomareobas: wolela, Coqela an mdgomela.

nax. 71. mdgomareoba sayrdeniani srolisas

a. avtomatis daWera savazne kolofiT; b. avtomatis daWera

saluliT.

117. sayrdeniani srlisaTvis avtomati davdoT sayrdenze

saluliT, marcxena xeliT daviWiroT igi savazne kolofiT an

saluliT, xolo marjvenaTi – pistoletis saxeluriT

(nax.71a,b).

magari sayrdeni dasarbileblad unda gadavfaroT busnoTi,

daxveuli labada-karviT, daxveuli mazariT da a.S. xis, Senobis

kuTxis uknidan an sxva safridan srolisaTvis, miviRoT

98

mdgomareoba srolisaTvis, miveyrdnoT safars ise, rom igi

gvicavdes mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan; avtomati unda

daviWiroT iseve, rogorc safris gareSe srolisas (nax.72)

mcire safridan (sangari wolela srolisaTvis, borcvi,

burcobi) srolisas unda ganvlagdeT safris ukan.

nax. 72. mdgomareoba safridan srolisas

a. mdgomela mdgomareobidan; b. wolela mdgomareobidan.

nax. 73. mdgomareoba sangridan srolisas

118. sangridan an tranSeidan srolisaTvis korpusiT

miveyrdnoT sangris kedels, orive xelis idayviT daveyrdnoT

miwaze, xolo kondaxi mWidrod miviWiroT mxarze; amasTan,

srola SeiZleba rogorc sayrdeniT, ise xelidan an savazne

kolofis gruntze dayrdnobiT (nax.73).

99

svlisas srolis ileTebi

119. svlisas isvrian swrafad momarjvebuli avtomatiT an

kondaxiT gverdze mibjenili avtomatiT.

120. swrafad momarjvebuli srola (nax.74). SeiZleba

SevasruloT xanmokle SeCerebis dros an svlisas

(SeuCerebliv).

nax. 74. mdgomareoba svlisas swrafi momarjvebiT srolisas

xanmokle SeCerebiT swrafad momarjvebiT srolisaTvis unda

SevCerdeT da marcxena fexis miwaze dadgmis momentSi

erTdroulad mivibjinoT kondaxi mxarze, movimarjvoT

avtomati; marjvena fexis miudgomlad davumiznoT, gavisroloT

erTi-ori jeri (gasrola), davuSvaT avtomati da ganvagrZoT

moZraoba.

svlisas swrafi momarjvebiT srolisaTvis (SeuCerebliv)

movimarjvoT avtomati mxarze, davumiznoT mizanSi da,

ganvagrZobT ra moZraobas, gavxsnaT cecxli.

121. srola gverdze mibjenili kondaxiT sruldeba SeCerebis

gareSe. amisaTvis, marjvena xeliT mivibjinoT kondaxi marjvena

gverdze samxre nawilSi, marjvena xelis idayvis saxsarTan

sakiduris mibjeniT an mibjenis gareSe (nax.75). Tu kondaxi

dakecilia avtomati marjvena xeliT mivibjinoT gverdze lulis

kolofiT da pistoletis saxeluriT (nax.58); marcxena xelSi

100

avtomati daviWiroT saluliT. mivmarToT avtomati mizanSi da,

moZraobis Seuwyvetilad, gavxsnaT cecxli.

122. svlis dros srolisas avtomatis gadatena unda

movaxdinoT moZraobis SeuCerebliv.

nax. 75. mdgomareoba svlisas srolis dros a. gverdze mibjenili kondaxiT; b. kondaxis mibjeniT xelis samxre

nawilze.

srolis ileTebi Txilamurebze dgomisas

123. Txilamurebze dgomisas avtomatiT SeiZleba gavisroloT

adgilidan (wolela, Coqela, mdgomela) da moZraobisas.

124. Txilamurebidan wolela srolisaTvis aviRoT avtomati

marjvena xelSi, joxebi – marcxenaSi. davtovebT ra

Txilamurebis quslebs adgilze, maTi wverebi gavSaloT ganze,

davdoT avtomati Cven marjvniv (Tu Tovli Rrma da fxvieria,

kondaxiT TovlSi). SevaerToT joxebi, risTvisac erTis bolo

CavsvaT meoris rgolSi ; davdoT isini Cven win da davwioT ise,

rom idayvebi miebjinos joxebze, aviRoT avtomati da srolisas

miviRoT iseTive mdgomareoba, rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe

wolela srolisas (nax.76)

101

nax. 76. mdgomareoba Txilamurebidan wolela srolisas

125. Txilamurebze dgomisas Coqela srolisaTvis davayenoT

joxebi marcxena mxridan, movabrunoT marjvena Txilamuri

wveriT marjvniv, daveSvaT marjvena muxliT marjvena

Txilamurze (nax.77) da miviRoT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogorc

Txilamurebis gareSe Coqela srolisas.

126. Txilamurebze dgomiT srolisaTvis davayenoT joxebi

marcxena mxridan, marjvena Txilamuri ramdenadme movabrunoT

wveriT marjvniv (nax.78) da miviRoT iseTive mdgomareoba,

rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe mdgomela srolisas.

nax. 77. mdgomareoba Txilamurebze dgomisas

Coqela srolis dros

102

nax. 78. mdgomareoba Txilamurebze dgomisas srolis dros

Txilamurebze dgomisas srolis dros simyarisaTvis SeiZleba sayrdenis saxiT joxebis gamoyeneba, risTvisac joxebi unda SevaerToT maryuJebiT da avtomati saluliT davdoT maryuJze. 127. Txilamurebze moZraobisas srolisaTvis joxebis maryuJebi ecmeva orive an erTi xelis mtevanze; gasrola avtomatiT sruldeba ise, rogorc uTxilamurod svlisas.

srolis ileTebi gadaadgilebisas

128. javSantransportioridan, avtomobilidan da sadesanto gadasayvani saSualebebidan srolisaTvis gamoiyeneba nebismieri moxerxebuli mdgomareoba, romelic uzrunvelyofs avtomatis mdgradobasa da mezoblebis usafrTxoebas. javSantran- sportioridan da avtomobilidan srolisaTvis adgilidan, xanmokle SeCerebiT an svlisas SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 79-e da 80-e nax-ze naCvenebi ileTebi. amasTan, dasajdomebis sazurgeebi da sxva nagebobebi javSantransportioris Zaras SigniT gamoiyeneba xelebis, winamxris, gverdisa da fexebis sayrdenis saxiT. salules qveS unda davudoT avtomatis qamari. javSantransportioris saTofuridan srolisas avtomatis lula win unda gavwioT ise, rom koris Wrili mdebareobdes bortidan daaxloebiT 5-7 sm-ze, xolo nagebobebi xels ar uSlidnen saketis CarCos saxeluris moZraobas.

103

nax. 79. mdgomareoba srolisas

a. javSantransportioris saTofuridan; b. avtomobilis zeda kidis

zemodan.

nax. 80. avtomatis Cayeneba saTofurSi

a. saketis moxsna saTofuridan; b. saketis mierTeba avtomatTan; 1. saTofuri; 2. saketi; 3. Tamasa.

104

bortis zemoT srolisaTvis mdgomareobis misaRebad aucilebelia orive, muxlebSi odnav moxrili fexiT davdgeT javSantrasportioris fskerze an marcxena muxliT daveyrdnoT dasajdomze da gadavitanoT avtomatis salule nawili borts iqiT. avtomatiT srolisaTvis qveiTi jaris sabrZolo manqanis saTofuridan aucilebelia gavxsnaT saTofuris sarqveli, CavayenoT avtomati saTofurSi da mivuerToT mas masraTSemkrebi. saTofurSi avtomatis Casayeneblad unda SevaerToT saketis Tamasebi da gamoviRoT saketi saTofuridan (nax.89). gavxsnaT saketi, CavsvaT masSi avtomatis salule nawili ise, rom saketi ganlagdes gazis kameris ukan (nax.80) da davxuroT saketi; SevaerToT saketis Tamasebi da saketi avtomatianad CavsvaT saTofurSi, amasTan, avtomati movabrunoT samizniT marjvniv da marcxniv. masraTamrekli uerTdeba avtomats samiznis kalapotis ukana mxridan (nax.81)

nax. 81. avtomatTan masraTamreklis mierTeba

1. masraTamrekli.

cecxlis gaxsnisas avtomati unda daviWiroT marcxena xelSi

saluliT (savazne kolofiT), xolo marjvenaSi – pistoletis

saxeluriT, marjvena loya midebulia kondaxze, idayvebi odnav

daSvebulia (nax.82).

105

nax. 82. mdgomareoba qveiTTa sabZolo manqanis saTofuridan

avtomatiT srolisas

qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanis sadesanto ganyofilebis Ria liukebidan avtomatiT cecxlis gaxsnisas, SeiZleba nebismieri moxerxebuli mdgomareobis miReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs avtomatis myar mdgomareobas da mezoblebis usafrTxoebas. sahaero miznebSi srolis ileTebi

129. Ria adgilmdebareobaze sahaero miznebSi avtomatiT srola xdeba wolela, Coqela da mdgomela mdgomareobebidan (nax.83). adgilobriv sagnebs ukan mofarebul mdgomareobaSi srolisaTvis adgilobrivi sagani sayrdenis saxiT SeZlebisdagvarad unda gamoviyenoT da miviRoT yvelaze ufro xelsayreli mdgomareoba srolisaTvis (mdgomela, naxevradmoxrili, Coqela). srola javSantransportioridan (qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanidan) sahaero miznebSi xdeba bortis zemodan an sadesanto ganyofilebis Ria liukebidan. meavtomate iRebs yvelaze ufro moxerxebul mdgomareobas (mdgomela, naxevradmoxrili, manqanis dasajdomze Coqela), winamxriTa da sxeuliT eyrdnoba manqanis Sida nagebobebs. tranSeidan (sangarsavalidan) sahaero miznebSi srola unda SevasruloT: - marcxena xelis winamxrisa da avtomatis savazne kolofis mibjeniT sangarsavalis wina cicabo kedelze; Tu amaRlebis kuTxe arasakmarisi aRmoCndeba, maSin unda CavjdeT (nax.84. a,b)

106

nax. 83. mdgomareba sahaero miznebSi srolisas.

a. wolela; b. Coqela; g. mdgomela.

nax.84. mdgomareoba sahaero mizanSi tranSeidan srolisas

a. avtomatis savazne kolofis mibjeniT wina cicabo kedelze; b. xelSi daWerili avtomatiT.

- zurgisa da marcxena fexis mibjeniT tranSeis cicabo

kedelze. avwioT marcxena fexi rac SeiZleba maRla da terfiT

107

mivabjinoT igi tranSeis cicabo kedels, xolo zurgiT

miveyrdnoT tranSeis mopirdapire cicabo kedels da odnav

CavjdeT. avtomati unda daviWiroT iseve, rogorc mdgomela

srolisas, magram marcxena xelis idayvi unda mivabjinoT

marcxena fexis barZays an ramdenadme gavwioT win muxlis iqiT.

vertmfrenidan srolis ileTebi

130. vertmfrenSi Casxdomis win iniSnebian msrolelebi da

maT mieTiTebaT tabikuri danadgari srolisaTvis (danarTi 8),

piradi Semadgenlobis ganlagebisa da frenisas adgilebis

Secvlis wesi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi vertmfrenSi

Casxdomis xerxic.

vertmfrenSi pirvelad msrolelebi ganlagdebian

dasajdomebze maTTvis miTiTebuli tabikuri danadgarebis

gverdiT, xolo morigi msrolelebi – adgilebze, sadac

uzrunvelyofilia adgilis swrafi da moxerxebuli Secvla.

131. vertmfrenidan cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis aucilebelia

tabikuri danadgarebis gadayvana salaSqrodan sabrZolo

mdgomareobaSi da maTTan iaraRis mierTeba. danadgarebTan

iaraRis mierTeba xdeba komandiT, magaliTad: `iaraRi

danadgarebTan - miaerTe~. am komandiT avtomatis sacqer

sarkmelTan ganlagebul danadgarTan mierTebisas, aucilebelia:

- gavaRoT sacqeri sarkmeli da davafiqsiroT igi zeda

mdgomareobaSi; Tu dgari vertikalur mdgomareobaSia, maSin jer

unda gamoviRoT dgaris Wilibi da davuSvaT (gadavxsnaT) dgari

dasajdomze, xolo Semdeg gavaRoT sacqeri sarkmeli.

- gadaviyvanoT dgari sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi, risTvisac

avwioT igi da WilibiT davafiqsiroT vertikalur

mdgomareobaSi;

- avwioT saxeluri zeviT (Tu igi qveda mdgomareobaSia),

avtomati davdoT saluliT gadasaxsnel Tamasaze, xolo Semdeg

saluliT CavdoT RarSi; movabrunoT saxeluri qveviT, amasTan,

ar unda movaxdinoT zedmeti Zaldataneba da Tvalyuri

108

vadevnoT, rom avtomatis qamari ar eWirebodes loyebiT

salulesTan erTad.

- mivaerToT masraTSemkrebi, risTvisac misi buniki

movaTavsoT Tavze arsebuli korZis xvrelSi da SevamowmoT, xom

ar uSlis xels saketis CarCos moZraobas; aucileblobis

SemTxvevaSi, zeviT avwioT tabikuri Tavis saxeluri, ramdenadme

gavwioT win an ukan avtomati da davuSvaT saxeluri dabla.

Sesasvlel karTan avtomatis danadgarze mierTebisas,

aucilebelia: gamovcvaloT tabikuri Tavi (Tu dayenebuli iyo

Tavi kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqvevisaTvis). msrolelma gaikeTos

dasazRvevi qamari da miamagros igi satvirTos kabinis WerSi

arsebul trosze; movabrunoT ferma daaxloebiT 90-120°-iT;

mivaerToT avtomati danadgarze iseve, rogorc sacqer

sarkmelTan, mivaerToT masraTSemkrebi, gavaRoT (gadavwioT)

kari; gadaviyvanoT ferma mierTebuli avtomatianad sabrZolo

mdgomareobaSi, risTvisac movabrunoT igi saxeluris Sverilis

Sesvlamde karis fiqsirebul budeSi; davayenoT SemoRobva,

risTvisac movaTavsoT milis bunikebi Sesasvleli karis sios

kantze arsebul kavebSi da kauWebiT mivamagroT igi iatakze.

132. vertmfrenidan cecxli, rogorc wesi, ixsneba meTauris

komandiT (signaliT). cecxlis gaxsnis win gadaicema winaswari

komanda (signali) `moemzadeT srolisaTvis~, romliTac

msrolelebi iReben mdgomareobas srolisaTvis da iaraRs

uerTeben savazne kolofs, ayenebdnen koras mudmiv an miTiTebul

danayofze da awarmoeben meTvalyureobas uweven brZolis vels.

vertmfrenidan cecxlis gaxsna yvelaze ufro xelsayrelia

mdgomela mdgomareobidan; SeiZleba cecxlis warmoeba Coqela

mdgomareobidan, dasajdomze dayrdnobiT an srolis

moxerxebulobisaTvis dasajdomis gadaxsniT (daSvebiT). yovelma

meavtomatem unda gamoimuSaos da gamoiyenos vertmfrenidan

srolisaTvis yvelaze ufro xelsayreli da myari mdgomareoba,

romelic uzrunvelyofs xalxis usafrTxoebas da cecxlis

gaxsnas dacxrilvis SesaZlebel seqtorSi.

komandiT (signali) `cecxli~ aucilebelia movxsnaT avtomati

mcvelidan, gadavWimoT saketis CarCo ukan da gavuSvaT igi.

aRmovaCenT ra mizans, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi davayenoT

109

dazustebuli kora, davumiznoT da gavxsnaT cecxli. yoveli

jeris Semdeg swrafad unda aRvadginoT damiznebis siswore.

vertmfrenidan srolis damTavrebisas komandiT (signaliT),

magaliTad: `iaraRi danadgarebidan - moxseni~ aucilebelia

avwioT tabikis Tavis saxluri zeviT da movxsnaT avtomati.

133. Tu vertmfrenidan ar unda visroloT, tabikuri

danadgarebi, maTgan iaraRis moxsnis Semdeg, sabrZolo

mdgomareobidan unda gadaviyvanoT salaSqro mdgomareobaSi

komandiT: magaliTad: `danadgarebi salaSqro mdgomareobaSi -

gadaiyvane~.

sacqer sarkmelTan arsebuli danadgaris gadasayvanad

sabrZolo mdgomareobidan salaSqroSi aucilebelia: amoviRoT

Wilibi, gadavxsnaT dgari da ganvalagoT igi dasajdomze

bortis gaswvriv; davxuroT sacqeri sarkmeli; avwioT dgari da

Wilibi davafiqsiroT vertikalur mdgomareobaSi.

Sesasvlel karTan arsebuli danadgaris gadasayvanad

sabrZolodan salaSqro mdgomareobaSi aucilebelia: movxsnaT

SemoRobva; movabrunoT satvirTo kabinis SigniT, raTa igi

ganlagdes bortis gaswvriv; davxuroT satvirTo kabinis kari.

110

Tavi IX

avtomatiT srolis wesebi saerTo debulebani

134. brZolaSi amocanebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis

aucilebelia:

- brZolis velze ganuwyvetliv meTvalyureoba;

- srolisaTvis monacemebis swrafad da sworad momzadeba;

- sabrZolo viTarebis sxvadasxvagvar pirobebSi, yovelgvar

miznebSi cecxlis unarianad gaxsna rogorc dRisiT, ise

RamiTac;

jgufuri da gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani erTeuli miznebis

dasazianeblad saWiroa Tavmoyrili cecxlis gamoyeneba.

- cecxlis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba da misi

moxerxebulad koreqtireba.

- brZolaSi vaznebis xarjze Tvalyuris devneba da zomebis

miReba maTi maragis droulad Sesavsebad.

brZolis velze meTvalyureoba da miznis Cveneba

135. meTvalyureoba xdeba mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da

moqmedebebis droulad aRmoCenis mizniT. amas garda, brZolaSi

aucilebelia Tvalyuri vadevnoT meTauris signalebsa da

niSnebs da sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs.

136. meTvalyureoba warmoebs SeiaraRebuli TvaliT.

meTvalyureobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT

farul misadgomebs. adgilmdebareoba unda davaTvalieroT

marjvnidan marcxniv, axlomdebare sagnebidan moSorebuli

sagnebisaken. daTvaliereba unda SevasruloT saguldagulod,

radgan mowinaaRmdegis aRmoCenas xels uwyobs umniSvnelo

ganmniRbavi niSnebi; aseTi niSnebi SeiZleba iyos: priali, xmauri,

xeebisa da buCqebis totebis rxeva, axali adgilobrivi sagnebis

gamoCena, adgilobrivi sagnebis mdgomareobisa da formis Secvla

da a.S.

111

binoklis arsebobisas gamoviyenoT igi mxolod calkeuli

sagnebis an adgilmdebareobis ubnebis saguldagulod

SeswavlisaTvis, amasTan, unda miviRoT zomebi imisaTvis, rom

binoklis SuSebis prialiT ar gamovavlinoT Cveni ganlagebis

adgili;

RamiT, mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da misi moqmedebebis

adgilebi, SeiZleba davadginoT bgerebisa da sinaTlis wyaroebis

mixedviT. Tu saWiroa mimarTulebis adgilmdebareoba gavanaToT

gamnaTebeli vazniT an sinaTlis sxva wyaros meSveobiT, swrafad

unda davaTvalieroT ganaTebuli ubani.

137. brZolis velze SeniSnuli miznebis Sesaxeb aucilebelia

dauyovnebliv movaxsenoT meTaurs da sworad mivuTiToT maTi

ganlagebis adgili. mizani unda mivuTiToT zepiri moxsenebiT an

mgezveli tyviebiT.

moxseneba unda iyos mokle, gasagebi da zusti, magaliTad:

`pirdapir – farTo buCqi, marcxniv - tyviamfrqvevi~;

orientiri meore, marjvniv ori TiTi, buCqis qveS –

meTvalyure~.

mgezveli tyviebis meSveobiT miznis Cvenebisas gavisroloT

miznis mimarTulebiT erTi-ori mokle jeri.

miznis SerCeva

138. avtomatebisaTvis yvelaze ufro damaxasiaTebelia cocxali miznebi – tyviamfrqvevebisa da qvemexebis gaTvlebi, msrolelTa jgufebi an calkeuli figurebi, romlebic cecxls sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan xsnian, agreTve cocxali Zala avtomobilebze, motocikletebze da a.S. amas garda, avtomatebiT cecxli ixsneba sahaero miznebSic. miznebi brZolis velze SeiZleba iyos uZravi, xanmkle droiT gamoCenadi da moZravi. 139. meavtomate brZolaSi cecxls xsnis, rogorc wesi, aTeulis an oceulis SemadgenlobaSi, anadgurebs ra meTauris mier miTiTebul miznebs. amitom man yuradRebiT unda mousminos meTaurs da zustad Seasrulos misi yvela komanda. 140. Tu meavtomates brZolaSi ar aqvs miTiTebuli mizani, igi Tavad irCevs mas. pirvel rigSi, unda daziandes gansakuTrebiT saSiSi da mniSvnelovani miznebi, magaliTad, tyviamfrqvevebisa da qvemexebis gaTvlebi, mowinaaRmdegis

112

meTaurebi da meTvalyureebi. ori Tanabrad mniSvnelovani miznidan cecxlis dasaSenad airCeva uaxloesi da ufro metad dasazianebeli. srolis dros axali, ufro mniSvnelovani miznis gamoCenisas, cecxli dauyovnebliv masze unda gadavitanoT.

korisa da damiznebis wertilis SerCeva 141. koris da damiznebis wertilis SerCevisaTvis

aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT miznamde manZili da gaviTvaliswinoT

garemo pirobebi, romelTac SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinon tyviis

frenis siSoresa da mimarTulebaze. kora da damiznebis

wertili unda avirCioT im gaangariSebiT, rom srolisas Sua

traeqtoria gadiodes miznis SuagulSi.

(AKM-dan 300 m-ze da АК-74-dan 400 m-mde manZilze.

srolisas cecxli unda gavxsnaT, rogorc wesi, kora 3, 4-iT an

`II~-iT, unda davumiznoT miznis qveda kides an Suaguls, Tu

mizani maRalia morbenali figurebi da a.S.).

300, 400 m-ze met manZilze srolisas kora yendeba miznamde

mTel aseul metrebamde damrgvalebuli manZilis Sesabamisad.

damiznebis wertilad, rogorc wesi, miiReba miznis Suaguli. Tu

mdgomareobis pirobebi ar iZleva koris Secvlis SesaZleblobas

miznamde manZilis Sesabamisad, maSin pirdapiri gasrolis

siSoris farglebSi cecxli unda gavxsnaT koriT, romelic

Seesabameba pirdapiri gasrolis siSores, unda davumiznoT

miznis qveda kides.

142. miznamde manZili ganisazRvreba TvalzomiT. amasTan,

miznamde da adgilobriv sagnebamde manZili ganisazRvreba

mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi kargad aRbeWdili adgilmdebareobis

ubnebis, xilvadobis xarisxisa da miznebis (sagnebis) moCvenebiTi

sididis mixedviT, agreTve orive xerxis SeTavsebis gziTac.

manZilis gansazRvrisas adgilmdebareobis monakveTebis

mixedviT aucilebelia romelime SeCveuli siSore, romelic

kargad aRibeWda mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi (mag. 100, 200 an

300m. monakveTi), gonebaSi gadavzomoT Cvengan sagnamde

(miznamde).

113

xilvadobis xarisxisa da sagnebis (miznis) moCvenebiTi

sididis mixedviT manZilis gansazRvrisas, aucilebelia, miznis

xilvadi sidide SevadaroT gansazRvrul manZilze mocemul

miznis mexsierebaSi aRbeWdil xilvad zomebs.

TuU mizani SemCneulia im orientiris an adgilobrivi sagnis

axlos, romlamde manZilic cnobilia, maSin miznamde manZilis

gansazRvrisas aucilebelia TvalzomiT gaviTvaliswinoT misi

daSoreba orientiridan.

RamiT, manZili ganaTebul miznebamde ganisazRvreba iseve,

rogorc dRisiT.

143. manZilis TvalzomiT gansazRvrisas aucilebelia

gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi:

- adgilmdebareobis erTi da imave monakveTis moCvenebiTi

sidide meavtomatidan daSorebasTan erTad (perspeqtivaSi)

TandaTan mcirdeba.

- adgilobrivi sagnebis an miznisaken mimarTulebis gadamkveTi

xramebi, Rartafebi da mdinareebi amcireben manZils.

- mcire sagnebi (buCqebi, qvebi, calkeuli figurebi) gveCveneba

ufro Sors, vidre imave manZilze myofi didi zomis sagnebi

(tye, mTa, jaris kolona);

- adgilmdebareobis erTferovani, sada foni (mdelo, Tovli,

xnuli) gamoyofs da TiTqos aaxlovebs masze mdebare sagnebs,

Tu isini sxvadasxvagvarad arian SeRebili, xolo

adgilmdebareobis aWrelebuli, mravalferovani foni, piriqiT,

niRbavs da TiTqos aSorebs masze myof sagnebs.

- moRrublul amindSi, wvimaSi, Sebindebisas, nislSi manZili

gveCveneba gazrdili, xolo naTel, mzian amindSi, piriqiT,

Semcirebuli.

- mTagorian adgilmdebareobaze xilvadi sagnebi TiTqos

axlovdeba.

144. gareSe pirobebis mniSvnelovnad gadaxra cxrilis

(normaluri) pirobebidan cvlis tyviis frenis siSores an

gadaxris mas gverdze srolis mimarTulebidan (sibrtyidan).

114

srolis cxrilis pirobebad miRebulia: haeris temperatura

+15°c, uqaroba, adgilmdebareobis amaRleba zRvis doneze

maRla, miznis adgilis ara umetes 15°.

145. haeris temperaturis gadaxra cxrilis normidan (+150°)

iwvevs tyviis frenis siSoris cvlilebas, zrdis mas zafxulis

pirobebSi srolisas da amcirebs zamTarSi. zafxulis pirobebSi

srolisas tyviis frenis siSore izrdeba umniSvnelod, amitom

koraSi an damiznebis wertilSi cvlilebebis Setana ar aris

marTebuli. zamTarSi (dabali temperaturis pirobebSi)

srolisas AKM-dan 300, АК-74-dan 400 m-ze met manZilze

mcirdeba mniSvnelovani sididiT (50-100m), amitom -250–ze

maRali haeris temperaturisas damiznebis wertili unda

avirCioT miznis zeda kideSi, xolo -250° -ze dabali haeris

temperaturisas unda gavzardoT kora erTi danayofiT.

146. adgilmdebareobis zRvis doneze amaRlebaze da miznis

adgilis kuTxeze koris dayenebaSi Sesworebebi unda

gaviTvaliswinoT mxolod mTaSi srolisas, Tu miznamde manZili

aRemateba (AKM-dan 300, АК-74-dan 400 metrs. 147. gverdiTi qari mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens tyviis

frenaze da gadaxris mas gverdze. tyviis gadaxris sidide

damokidebulia gverdiTi qaris siCqaresa da mimarTulebaze da

miznamde manZilze. rac ufro Zlieria gverdiTi qari, rac ufro

axloa kuTxe, romeliTac igi uberavs 90°-Tan da rac ufro

Sors aris mizani, miT ufro meti sididiT gadaixreba tyvia

srolis mimarTulebidan gverdze. amasTan dakavSirebiT

aucilebelia gverdiT qarze Sesworebis Setana. avtomatiT

srolisas, igi gaiTvaliswineba damiznebis wertilis gataniT

miznis figurebSi an metrebSi. gverdiT qarze Sesworeba unda

aviRoT im mxares, saiTac uberavs qari: ase magaliTad, Tu qari

marcxnidan uberavs, damiznebis wertili gadaitaneba marcxniv,

Tu qari marjvnidan uberavs – marjvniv.

148. Sesworebis sidide gverdiT zomier qarze (siCqare 4m/wm)

metrebSi da adamianis figurebSi moyvanilia Semdeg cxrilSi.

115

Sesworebebi gverdiT zomier qarze (4m/wm) srolis

mimarTulebasTan 90°-iani kuTxiT (damrgvalebuli)

metrebSi Aadamianis

figurebSi

srolis

manZili

(m)

AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

_ 0,2 0,4 0,8 0,87 1,4 2,0 _ _ _

0,03 0,11 0,23 0,52 0,87 1,34 2,03 2,86 3,77 4,92

_ 0,5 1 1,5 3 4 _ _ _ _

-- -- 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,5 4 5,5 7,5 10.0

Zlieri qarisas (8 m/wm) siCqaris cxrilSi moyvanili

Sesworebebi aucilebelia gavzardoT orjer, xolo susti

qarisas (siCqare 2m/wm) -SevamciroT 2-jer, srolis sibrtyesTan

maxvili kuTxiT mqroli qarisas Sesworeba unda aviRoT 2-jer

naklebi, vidre 90°-iani kuTxiT mqroli qarisas.

cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis momentis SerCeva

149. momenti cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis ganisazRvreba meTauris

komandiT `cecxli~, xolo cecxlis damoukideblad gaxsnisas –

viTarebidan da miznis mdebareobidan gamomdinare.

cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis gansakuTrebiT xelsayreli momentia _

roca miznis dazianeba SeiZleba moulodnelad, axlo

manZilidan; roca mizani kargad xilvadia; moZraobs flangurad

an aRimarTeba mTeli simaRliT; roca mizani uaxlovdeba

adgilobriv sagans (orientirs), romliTac koris dayeneba

dazustebulia sroliT; moZraobisas, roca manqanas aqvs

umciresi ryeva.

mowinaaRmdegeze uecari sacecxle Tavdasxma (gansakuTrebiT

flangidan) Seacbunebs mas da miayenebs udides zians.

116

cecxlis gaxsna, mis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba da koreqtireba

150. cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomatem yuradRebiT unda adevnos

Tvalyuri sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs da koreqtireba unda

gaukeTos mas.

sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba xdeba

rikoSetebis, tyviebis, tranSeebisa da mowinaaRmdegis qcevis

mixedviT.

cecxlis koreqtireba xdeba damiznebis wertilis mdebareobis

simaRliTa da gverdiTi mimarTulebisa da koris dayenebis

SecvliT.

damiznebis wertili gaitaneba rikoSetebis an trasebis

gadaxris sididiT, miznidan maTi gadaxris mopirdapire mxares

(nax.85).

nax. 85. cecxlis koreqtirebis damiznebis wertilis gatana

Tu miznidan tyviebis gadaxra manZiliT aRemateba 100 m. maSin

aucilebelia koris dayenebis Secvla erTi danayofiT. trasebis

mixedviT cecxlis koreqtirebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom srola

sruldebodes Cveulebrivi da mgezveltyviiani vazniT, pirveli

unda iyos mgezveltyviiani vazna. ar aris rekomendebuli

mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis gamoyeneba dawmendil, wynar amindSi.

(sustad emCneva tyviebis trasebi) mxolod mgezveltyviebiani

damiznebis wertilis gadatana

rikoSetis Semdeg

rikoSeti

damiznebi

117

vaznebiT srolas mivyavarT lulis arxis gaZlierebul

gacveTamde.s

151. sakuTari cecxlis sinamdvilis maCveneblad SeiZleba

miviRoT Semdegi niSnebi: mowinaaRmdegis danakargi,

mowinaaRmdegis gadasvla gadarbenidan gadaxoxvaze, kolonaTa

danawevreba da gaSla, mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis Sesusteba an

Sewyveta, misi ukan daxeva an safarSi Sesvla.

srola uZrav da gamoCenad miznebSi

152. erTeuli, kargad xilvadi mizani unda daicxrilos

mokle an grZeli jerebiT, miznis mniSvnelobidan, misi

zomebidan da daSorebidan gamomdinare. rac ufro saSiSia an

rac ufro Sorsaa mizani, miT ufro grZeli unda iyos jeri.

cecxli unda iyos manam, sanam mizani ar ganadgurdeba an sanam

Tvals ar miefareba.

153. gamoCenadi miznis dasazianeblad aucilebelia, SevamCnevT

ra misi gamoCenis adgils, swrafad gavemzadoT srolisaTvis da

gavxsnaT cecxli. cecxlis gaxsnis siswrafes aqvs gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba miznis dazianebisaTvis. Tu srolisaTvis gamzadebis

drois ganmavlobaSi mizani Tvals miefara, misi xelmeored

gamoCenisas davazustoT damizneba da gavxsnaT cecxli.

mravalgzis gamoCenad mizanSi srolisas unda

gaviTvaliswinoT, rom igi SeiZleba gamoCndes axal adgilzec,

amitom, misi dazianeba damokidebuli iqneba yuradRebian

meTvalyureobaze, srolisaTvis gamzadebasa da cecxlis gaxsnis

siswrafeze.

gamoCenadi mizani unda davazianoT erTimeoris Semdeg swrafi

jerebiT.

154. jgufuri mizani, romelic Sedgeba calkeuli, mkafiod

xilvadi figurebisagan, unda davazianoT jerebiT, cecxlis

Tanmimdevruli gadataniT erTi figuridan meoreze.

155. farTo mizani, romelic Sedgeba bundovnad xilvadi

figurebisagan an SeniRbulia, da erTeuli SeniRbuli mizani

unda davcxriloT tyviebis gafantviT miznis (niRbis)

118

frontiT an damiznebis wertilis Tanmimdevruli gadataniT

miznis (niRbis) erTi flangidan meoreze.

156. srola mowinaaRmdegis moieriSe cocxal Zalaze 200 m-is

manZilze da ufro axlos unda SevasruloT grZeli jerebiT,

tyviebis gafantviT miznis frontiT.

srolisas frontiT tyviebis gafantva miiRweva

horizontaluri xazis gaswvriv avtomatis kuTxuri

gadaadgilebiT. avtomatis kuTxuri gadaadgilebis siswrafe

frontiT tyviebis gafantviT srolisas damokidebulia srolis

sisworesa da cecxlis saWiro simWidroveze. amasTan, cecxlis

simWidrove miznis frontis yovel metrze unda iyos aranakleb

ori tyviisa.

srola moZrav miznebSi

157. miznis moZraobisas msrolelisaken an misgan siSoreze,

romelic ar aRemateba pirdapiri gasrolis siSores, cecxli

unda gavxsnaT pirdapiri gasrolis siSoris Sesabamisi koris

dayenebiT. siSoreze, romelic aRemateba pirdapiri gasrolis

siSores, cecxli unda gavxsnaT koris dayenebiT im siSoris

Sesabamis danayofze, romelzedac mizani SeiZleba aRmoCndes

cecxlis gaxsnis momentSi.

158. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT kuTxiT moZrav mizanSi

srolisas, damiznebis wertili unda avirCioT miznis win da

misgan iseTi daSorebiT, rom tyviis frenis drois ganmavlobaSi

mizani win waiwios am manZiliT. manZils, romelzedac

gadaadgildeba mizani am miznamde tyviis frenis drois

ganmavlobaSi, daswreba ewodeba. daswreba miznis moZraobamde

unda aviRoT miznis figurebSi an metrebSi.

159. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT 90°-iani kuTxiT moZrav

mizanSi avtomatiT srolisas daswrebis gansazRvrisaTvis

vixelmZRvaneloT Semdegi cxriliT.

119

morbenali mizani

3 m/wm siCqariT

daaxloebiT

10 km/sT

motocikleti, moZravi

6 m/wm siCqariT

daaxloebiT 20 km/sT

Ddaswreba (damrgvalebulad)

Aadamianis

figurebSi metrebSi

srolis manZil

i

(m)

AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

1 2 3 4 6 8 _ _ _ _

0,5 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 6,0 7,5 9,5 11,5 13,5

1 2 3 4 6 8 _ _ _ _

0,63 1,34 2,14 3,06 4,15 5,39 6,85 8,56 10,40 12,48

srolis mimarTulebis mimarT maxvili kuTxiT miznis

moZraobisas daswreba unda aviRoT orjer naklebi, vidre

cxrilSia naCvenebi.

miznis moZraobisas cxrilSi naCvenebze meti (naklebi)

siCqariT, daswreba izrdeba (mcirdeba) miznis moZraobis

siCqaris cvlilebis proporciulad.

160. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT kuTxiT moZrav mizanSi

isvrian miznis Tanxlebis an miznis lodinis (sacecxle

Tavdasxmis) xerxiT.

miznis Tanmxlebis xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomate

iRebs saWiro daswrebas da, gadaaadgilebs ra avtomats miznis

moZraobis mimarTulebiT, yvelaze ufro swori damiznebis

momentSi xsnis cecxls mokle an grZeli jerebiT, srolis

siSoris, miznis moZraobis siSorisa da miznis moZraobis

siCqaridan gamomdinare.

miznis lodinis (sacecxle Tavdasxmis) xerxiT cecxlis

gaxsnisas meavtomate umiznebs miznis win arCeul wertils da

cxrilSi moyvanili daswrebis erTnaxevari-ori sididiT am

wertilTan miznis miaxloebisTanave, avtomatis myarad daWeriT

120

isvris grZel jers; Semdeg, Tu mizani ar dazianda, irCevs mis

win damiznebis axal wertils, umiznebs da saWiro daswrebis

sididiT, am wertilTan miznis misvlisas kvlav gaisvris grZel

jers da a.S.

161. moZrav miznebSi srolisas mgezveli tyviebis gamoyeneba

uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso meTvalyureobas srolis Sedegebze da

daswrebis dazustebis SesaZleblobas.

srola sahaero miznebze

162. TviTmfrinavebze, vertmfrenebsa da paraSutistebze

avtomatebiT cecxli ixsneba aTeulis an oceulis

SemadgenlobiT, 500 m-mde manZilze koris dayenebiT (AKM-ze 3, АК-74-ze 4) an `II~ -ze. vertmfrenebsa da TviTmfrinavebze cecxli unda gaixsnas

mxolod meTauris komandiT, xolo paraSutistebze – komandiT

an damoukideblad.

163. msrolelis mxares mopikire TviTmfrinavebze isvrian

uwyveti cecxliT koris dayenebiT AKM-ze 3, АК-74-ze 4 an `II~-Ti, miznis saTavo nawilSi damiznebiT, cecxli ixsneba 700-

900 m-is manZilidan.

164. ganze an meavtomatis Tavze mfren TviTmfrinavze cecxli

ixsneba gadamRobi an Tanmxlebi xerxiT.

gadamRobi xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas, aTeulis an oceulis

cecxli meTauris komandiT Tavmoiyreba moaxloebadi

TviTmfrinavis moZraobis mimarTulebaze (nax.86). komandaSi

miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT meavtomate aiRebs avtomats, miscems

daaxloebiT 45°-iani amaRlebis kuTxes da xsnis cecxls,

uWiravs ra avtomati micemuli mimarTulebiT. isvrian uwyveti

cecxliT, TviTmfrinavis gasvlamde cecxlis zonidan.

Tu meavtomate miznis axlos naTlad xedavs Tavisi avtomatis

trasebis mimarTulebas, maSin mas SeuZlia, cecxlis

Seuwyvetlad, ramdenadme gadaaadgilos avtomati miznis mxares

da miaRwios trasebis SeTavazebas mizanTan.

121

trasebis mixedviT cecxlis koreqtirebisas mxedvelobaSi

unda viqonioT is, rom TviTmfrinavisaken mimarTuli trasebi

msrolels eCveneba TviTmfrinavis zeviT da odnav mis win.

nela mfren sahaero samiznebze _ vertmfrenebze,

satransporto TviTmfrinvebze – cecxli ixsneba Tanmxlebi

xerxiT. daswreba ganisazRvreba da gadaiTvleba miznis xilul

zomebSi (figurebSi).

Tanmxlebi xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomate inarCunebs

damiznebis xazs TviTmfrinavis (vertmfrenis) win saWiro

daswrebis sididiT da gaisvris grZel jers.

nax. 86. TviTmfrinavze cecxlis gaxsna gadamRobi xerxiT a. oceulis poziciis frontis gaswvriv mfrenze; b. oceulis poziciis frontis xazis mimarT kuTxiT mfrenze. 165. sahaero miznebSi srolisas daswrebis gansazRvrisaTvis vixelmZRvaneloT Semdegi cxriliT.

daswreba

daswreba

srolis manZili

srolis manZili

oceulis pozicia

oceulis pozicia

122

srolis manZili (m)

100 300 500

metrebSi Mmiznis

korpusebSi metrebSi

Mmiznis korpusebSi

metrebSimiznis

korpusebSi

mizani da misi siCqare

AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 vertmfreni

50 m/wm satran sporto TviTmf

ri navi

100 m/wm

8 15

6 13

1 1

1 1

25 50

21 43

3 3

3 3

50

100

39 79

6

5

5

SeniSvna : TviTmfrinavis korpusis sigrZed miRebulia 15 m, vertmfrenisa – 8 m.

nax. 87. damiznebis wertilis gatana paraSutistze srolisas

damiznebis wertilis

2 figuriT

gadatanisas

123

166. paraSutistebze cecxli ixsneba grZeli jerebiT.

damiznebis wertili gadaitaneba paraSutistis daSvebis

mimarTulebiT, cxrilSi miTiTebuli sididiT. daswreba

gadaiTvleba paraSutistis figuris Suagulidan (nax.87).

srola mTaSi

167. mTaSi 400 m-ze met manZilze srolisas, Tu

adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan ar aRemateba 2000 m,

miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi kora, haeris Semcirebul

simWidrovesTan dakavSirebiT, unda SevamciroT 1 danayofiT; Tu

adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan 2000 m-ze naklebia,

maSin kora ki ar unda SevamciroT, aramed damiznebis wertili

avirCioT miznis qveda kideze.

mTaSi qvemodan zemoT an zemodan qvemoT srolisas 400 m-ze

met manZilze da 30°-ze nakleb miznis adgilis kuTxeebze,

damiznebis wertili unda avirCioT miznis qveda kideze, xolo

30°-ze metis SemTxvevaSi miznis adgilis kuTxeebisas miznamde

manZilis Sesabamisi kora SevamciroT erTi danayofiT.

srola SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi

168. gaisvrian RamiT ganaTebul miznebSi iseve, rogorc

dRisiT, adgilmdebareobis ganaTebisas meavtomate aRmoaCens ra

mizans, swrafad ayenebs koras, umiznebs da isvris jers.

miznis xanmokle ganaTebisas (magaliTad, adgilmdebareoba

ganaTebulia gamnaTebeli vaznebiT) cecxli unda gavxsnaT

100 200 300 400 500 srolis

manZili (m) AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 damiznebis

wertilis

gatana

paraSutis-

tis

figurebSi

fexis qveS

fexisqveS

1 1 2 2 3

2 4

3

124

AKM-dan kora 30-iT, АК-74-dan kora 4-iT an `II~-Ti, miznis qveS damiznebiT, Tu miznamde manZili ar aRemateba 300, 400

metrs, da miznis zeda nawilSi damiznebiT, Tu mizani imyofeba

300, 400 m-ze met manZilze.

droebiTi dabrmavebis Tavidan asacileblad ar unda vuyuroT

ganaTebis wyaros.

169. RamiT srola mizanSi, romelic Tavs gamoavlens

gasrolaTa anTebiT, sruldeba koris dayenebiT 3-ze, 4-ze an

`II~ -ze, grZeli jerebiT.

nax. 88. damiznebaze mizanSi srolisas, romelic Tavs gamoaCens

gasrolaTa anTebiT, samiznis mcvelisa da samizne

Tamasis meSveobiT

cecxli gaixsneba im momentSi, roca gasrolebis anTeba

moCans samiznis mcvelis centrsa da samizne Tamasis fafarze

(nax.88).

im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar moCans samiznis mcveli da samizne

Tamasis fafari, avtomati miznisken unda mivmarToT lulis

mixedviT.

125

Tu gamoiyeneba mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis mnaTi

wertilebiT, maSin damizneba gasrolaTa anTebis mixedviT unda

SevasruloT ise, rogorc naCvenebia 89a nax-ze. Tu gamoiyeneba

mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis mnaTi zolebiT, damiznebisas

aiReba swori samizne, romelic uTavsdeba gasrolaTa anTebas

(nax.89b).

nax. 89. damizneba RamiT srolisas TviTmnaTi

sacemebis meSveobiT a. mnaTi wertilebiT; b. mnaTi zolebiT;

1. samarjvi; 2. samizne; 3. mnaTi wertilebi; 4. mnaTi zolebi; 5. gasrolaTa anTeba.

170. im mizanSi srolisaTvis, romlis silueti moCans cis,

xanZris anareklsa da Tovlis fonze, avtomati unda mivmarToT

miznis gverdiT Ria fonze da aviRoT swori samizne (nax. 90).

nax. 90. siluetSi damiznebis xerxi

126

Semdeg, avtomatis gadaadgilebiT, miviyvanoT damiznebis

wertili siluetis Suagulamde da gavxsnaT cecxli, isvrian

grZeli jerebiT. muq fonze (tye, buCqnari) xilvad miznebSi

srolisas avtomatis damizneba xdeba lulis mixedviT.

171. RamiT avtomatiT srolisaTvis winaswar momzadebisas

brustverSi iWreba Rari im gaangariSebiT, rom masSi Cadebuli

avtomati mimarTuli iyos mowinaaRmdegis SesaZlebeli gamoCenis

miznisaken; avtomatis gadaadgileba gverdiTi mimarTulebiT

mocemul seqtorSi izRudeba paloebiT; avtomatis mdgomareoba

simaRliT fiqsirdeba pistoletis saxeluris qveS amodebuli

busnos (mWidro Tovlis, amonaWrebiani ficris da a.S.) feniT.

172. RamiT srolisas cecxlis ukeT koreqtirebisaTvis

mizanSewonilia mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis gamoyeneba.

173. meavtomatesTan uSualo siaxloveSi myof miznebsa da im

miznebSi srola, romelTac Tavi bgerebiT gamoavlines, xdeba

grZeli jerebiT, avtomatis lulis mimarTviT bgeris mxares.

174. kvamlis safaris an niRabis ukan myof miznebSi isvrian

grZeli jerebiT, tyviebis frontiT gafantviT.

srola radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri dasnebovnebis pirobebSi

175. radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri dasnebovnebis

pirobebSi isvrian dacvis individualur saSualebebSi.

airwinaRiT isvrian grZeli jerebiT. Tu srolis dros ar Cans

samizne Tamasis Wrili da samizne, avtomatis damizneba xdeba

lulis mixedviT.

radioaqtiuri, momwamlavi da biologiuri saSualebebiT

dasnebovnebul adgilmdebareobaze srolisas, maTgan pirvel

rigSi unda davicvaT avtomatis is nawilebi, romlebTanac

gviwevs Sexeba srolis dros.

srolis wesebi igivea, rac Cveulebriv pirobebSi srolisas.

adgilmdebareobis dasnebovnebuli ubnidan gasvlis Semdeg,

pirvelive SesaZleblobisas, aucilebelia avtomatis

dezaqtivaciis (degazaciis an dezinfeqciis) Catareba.

127

srola moZraobisas 176. qveiT wyobaSi, javSantransportiorze, qveiTTa sabrZolo

manqanasa da sxva saSualebebze meavtomatis moZraobisas srola

SeiZleba xanmokle SeCerebiT an svlisas (svlidan).

damiznebiTi srola xanmokle SeCerebiT sruldeba imave

wesebiT, rac adgilidan srolisas. srolisaTvis mzadeba, koris

dayeneba da damizneba unda moxdes moZraobisa da manqanis

damuxruWebis dros. gaCerebis momentSi davazustoT damiznebis

siswore da gavxsnaT cecxli.

qveiT wyobaSi moqmedebisas (svlisas manqanebze moqmedebisas)

srola, avtomatis gamudmebuli da mniSvnelovani rxevis gamo

sruldeba, rogorc wesi, pirapiri gasrolis siSoris

farglebSi mokle jerebiT. kora yendeba siSoris Sesabamisad da

srolis ganmavlobaSi ar icvleba.

damiznebis wertili simaRliT airCeva miznis qveda kidis

doneze, xolo gverdiTi mimarTulebiT – manqanis moZraobis

siCqarisa da mimarTulebidan da miznis xasiaTidan gamomdinare.

wina (ukana) bortis zemoT an avtomobilis moZraobis

mimarTulebasTan ara umetes 30°-iani kuTxiT cecxlis

gaxsnisas, damiznebis wertili gamoCenad miznebze uqaro amindSi,

rogorc wesi, miznis farglebs gareT ar unda gavitanoT.

Tu cecxli ixsneba marjvena (marcxena) bortis mxares

manqanis moZraobisas 10 km/sT siCqariT, damiznebis wertili 4

meaTasediT (damrgvalebulad) unda gavitanoT manqanis moZraobis

sapirispiro mxares. cocxal Zalaze srolisas SeiZleba

davimaxsovroT Semdegi wesi: damiznebis wertili gavitanoT

marjvniv (marcxniv) cecxlis warmoebisas marjvena (marcxena)

bortidan figuraTa im ricxviT, romelic tolia miznamde

aseuli metrebis ricxvisa. manqanis iribi moZraobisas

Sesworebebi orjer unda SevamciroT.

damiznebis wertilis gatana gverdiT qarsa da miznis

moZraobis daswrebaze unda gaviTvaliswinoT iseve, rogorc

adgilidan srolisas.

128

manqanis moZraobisas uswormasworo adgilmdebareobaze an

didi talRebis arsebobisas isvrian grZeli jerebiT, avtomatis

damiznebiT lulis mixedviT, koris gamoyenebis gareSe.

cecxlis ufro kargi koreqtirebisaTvis unda gamoviyenoT

mgezveltyviebiani vaznebi.

srola vertmfrenebidan

177. vertmfrenebidan cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis aucilebelia

vertmfrenis mimarTulebis, siCqaris, simaRlis, qaris siCqarisa

da miznis moZraobis gaTvaliswineba.

178. miwiszeda miznebSi 50-70 m-mde simaRleze mfreni

vertmfrenidan srolisas, roca miznis adgilis kuTxe ar

aRemateba 30°-s, kora airCeva miznamde daxrili siSoris

Sesabamisad. ufro didi simaRlidan srolisas koris dayeneba

unda SevamciroT (SevitanoT Sesworeba miznis adgilis

kuTxeze);

- 200 m-mde frenis simaRlisas da 300 m-mde daxrili

siSorisas naxevari danayofiT;

- 200 m-mde frenis simaRlisas da 300 m-ze meti daxrili

siSorisas –erTi danayofiT; damiznebis wertili simaRliT,

Cveulebriv airCeva miznis qveda kideze.

cecxldaSenis SesaZlebel seqtorebSi vertmfrenebidan

srolisaTvis arsebuli SezRuduli drois gaTvaliswinebiT

cecxli SeiZleba gavxsnaT 500 m-mde siSoreze da 200 m-mde

simaRleze koris `mudmivze~ dayenebiT.

179. gverdiTi mimarTulebiT damiznebis wertili airCeva

vertmfrenebis frenis siCqaris gavleniT tyviis gatanisa da

gverdiTi (vertmfrenis frenis mimarTulebis mimarT Semxvedri

Tu zurgis) qaris zemoqmedebiT tyviis gadaxris, agreTve miznis

moZraobis mimarTulebisa da siCqaris gaTvaliswinebiT.

vertmfrenis siCqaris gavleniT tyviis gatanis saxazo sidide

metrebSi tolia vertmfrenis siCqarisa m/wm-Si da tyviis

frenis drois wamebSi namravlisa. vertmfrenidan srolisas

gverdiTi qaris zemoqmedebiT tyviis gadaxris saxazo sidide da

129

moZraobaze daswrebis sidide ganisazRvreba imave wesebiT, rac

qveiT wyobaSi srolisas. gverdiT qarze Sesworeba unda

gaviTvaliswinoT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qaris siCqare 5 m/wm-ze

metia, xolo daswreba _ Tu miznis siCqare 10 km/sT-ze metia.

vertmfrenidan srolisas yvelaze ufro efeqturi srolis

siSoreebze (200-400 m) damiznebis wertili gverdiTi

mimarTulebiT damrgvalebulad unda gavitanoT miznis

Suagulidan vertmfrenis frenis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT

(marcxena bortidan srolisas_marcxniv, xolo marjvena

bortidan srolisas – marjvniv), metrebSi gazomili sididiT:

a) uZrav (gamoCenad) mizanSi srolisas:

- uqaro amindSi – vertmfrenis kreiseruli siCqaris erT

meaTedamde; mag. vertmfrenis 200 km/sT-Si kreiseruli

siCqarisas damiznebis wertili unda gavitanoT 20 m-ze

(200:10);

- Semxvedri (zurgis) qarisas – sagzao siCqaris erT

meaTedze: mag. vertmfrenis 200 km/sT kreiseruli siCqarisas da

30 km/sT siCqaris Semxvedri qarisas damiznebis wertili unda

gavitanoT 17 m-iT (200-30):10; qaris mimarTuleba da siCqare

ganisazRvreba adgilobrivi sagnebis mixedviT (kvamlis, mtvris

gadaadgilebis, xeebis daxris da a.S. mixedviT):

b) moZrav sagnebSi srolisas:

- uZrav mizanSi srolisaTvis damiznebis gansazRvruli

wertilis gatanis sidides emateba daswreba miznis Semxvedri

moZraobisa da akldeba miznis Tanamgzavruli moZraobisas; mag.

200 km/sT siCqariT mfreni vertmfrenidan srolisaTvis

avtomobilze ganlagebul qveiT jarze, Tu avtomobili moZraobs

vertmfrenis frenis Semxvedri mimarTulebiT, 300 m-is siSoreze

50 km/sT siCqariT, 30 km/sT siCqaris qarisas, damiznebis

wertili unda gavitanoT 28m-iT (200+30):10+5m, sadac 5 metri

aris daswreba miznis moZraobaze, romelic aRebulia daswrebaTa

cxrilidan.

180. vertmfrenidan cecxli, rogorc wesi, ixsneba grZeli

jerebiTa (10-15 gasrola) da maRali tempiT. srolisa da

cecxlis koreqtirebis Sedegebze dakvirvebisaTvis saWiroa

mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis ufro xSiri gamoyeneba. srola

130

SeiZleba miznis Tanxlebis an sacecxle Tavdasxmis (miznis

lodinis) xerxiT.

cecxlis gaxsnisas im xerxiT, romelic hgavs miznis

Tanxlebas, aucilebelia, gadavaadgiloT iaraRi vertmfrenis

frenis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT (ukan) gverdiTi Sesworebis

sididiT, xolo yvelaze ufro swori damiznebis momentSi

vawarmooT grZeli jeri; davazustoT damiznebis wertilis

gatanis sidide da vawarmooT Semdgomi jeri srolis procesSi

(aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi miviyvanoT jeris trasebi mizanTan).

cecxlis gaxsnisas im xerxiT, romelic hgavs sacecxle

Tavdaxmas, aucilebelia avirCioT wertili miznis Suagulidan

erTnaxevari_ori gverdiTi Sesworebis sididis daSorebaze da

am wertilTan damiznebis wertilis SeTavsebisas, iaraRis myarad

daWeriT, vawarmooT grZeli jeri srolis procesSi

(aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi miviyvanoT trasebi mizanTan).

vaznebiT momarageba da maTi xarji brZolaSi

181. vaznebis marags meavtomateebi atareben CanTebSi Cawyobil

savazne kolofebsa da mWidebSi.

brZolaSi meavtomateebis vaznebiT uzrunvelyofen vaznebis

mimtanebi, romelTac gamoyofs qvedanayofis meTauri.

satarebeli maragis naxevris daxarjvis Semdeg meavtomate

amis Sesaxeb moaxsenebs aTeulis meTaurs.

avtomatisaTvis vaznebiT aRWurvili erTi savazne kolofi

yovelTvis unda hqondes meavtomates, rogorc xelSeuxebeli

maragi, romelic ixarjeba mxolod meTauris nebarTviT.

131

d a n a r T e b i danarTi 1

me-2 muxlisaTvis

7,62mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizirebuli avtomatis da 5,45mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis balistikuri da

konstruqciuli monacemebi rigiTi

# monacemebis dasaxeleba AKM АК-74

1. samizne manZili (m) 1000 1000

2. pirdapiri gasrolis siSore:

samkerde figuraSi (m) 350 440

morbenal figuraSi (m) 525 625

3. srolis, gasrolaTa tempi wuTSi 600 600

4. sabrZolo srolis, gasrolaTa siswrafe:

erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas 40 40

jeriT srolisas 100 100

5. tyviis sawyisi siCqare (m; wm) 715 900

6. siSore, sadamdec SenarCunebulia tyviis sasikvdilo

moqmedeba (m) 1500 1350

7. tyviis frenis zRvruli siSore (m) 3000 3150

8. avtomatis wona (kg)

aRuWurveli plastmasis savazne kolofiT 3,1/3,3 3,3/3,2

aRWurvili plastmasis savazne kolofiT 3,6/3,8 3,6/3,5

9. savazne kolofis tevadoba, vazna.... 30 30

10. plastmasis savazne kolofis wona (kg) ...................... 0,17 0,23

11. xiSt-danis wona (kg)

qarqaSiT ............... 0,45 0,49

uqarqaSod.............. 0,26 0,32

12. kalibri (mm) ......... 7,62 5,45

13. avtomatis sigrZe (mm)

avtomatisa, mierTebuli xiSt-daniTa da gadaxsnili

kondaxiT 1020 1089

avtomatisa, mierTebuli xiSt-danis gareSe,

gadaxsnili kondaxiT 880 940

dakecili kandaxiT............... 640 700

14. lulis sigrZe (mm) 415 415

15. lulis kuTxviliani nawilis sigrZe (mm) 369 372

16. naWdevebis raodenoba (cal) 4 4

17. naWdevebis svlis sigrZe (mm) 240 200

18. dasamiznebeli xazis sigrZe (mm) 378 379

19. samiznis sisqe (mm) 2 2

20. vaznis wona (gr) ...... 16,2 10,2

21. foladisguliani tyviis wona (gr) ..... 7,9 3,4

22. denTis muxtis wona (gr) ..... 1,6 1,45

23. RamiT srolis samizne universaluris (НСПУ) wona sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi (kg) .....................

2,2 2,2

avtomatis wona miTiTebulia xiSt-danis gareSe; mricxvelSi aRniSnulia

mudmivkondaxiani avtomatis wona, xolo mniSvnelSi – dasakeckondaxianisa.

132

danarTi 2

me-2 muxlisaTvis

a) 7,62mm-iani vaznebis tyviis gamxvreti moqmedeba kalaSnikovis

modernizebuli avtomatiT (AKM) srolisas

rigiTi

#

dabrkolebis

(damcavi

saSualebis) dasaxeleba

tyviis tipi

gamWoli

natyviarebis

procenti an tyviis SeRwevis

siRrme

1 foladis

furclebi (90o-

iani Sexvedris

kuTxisas) 7 mm-

is sisqis:

javSangamtan-

cecxlgamCeni

tyvia

300

200

50%

90%

2 foladis

muzaradi

(CaCqani)

foladis

gulariani

tyvia

900 80-90%

3 javSanJileti foladis gu-

lariani tyvia javSangamtan-

cecxlgamCeni

tyvia

1100

600

80-90%

80-90%

4. brustveri mWid-

rod datkepnili

Tovlisagan

yvela tipis

tyviebi

500 70-80 sm

5. miwis dabrko-

leba datkepnili

Tixnari

gruntisagan

yvela tipis

tyviebi

500 25-30 sm

6. kedeli 20X20sm

sisqis xmeli fiWvis

Zelebisagan

foladis

gulariani tyvia javSan-

gamtan-cecxl-

gamCeni tyvia

500

150

25 sm

30-40 sm

7.

aguris wyoba

foladis

gulariani

tyvia javSan-

gamtan-cecxl-

gamCeni tyvia

100 12-15 sm

133

b) 5,45mm-iani vaznis foladguliani tyviis gamxvreti

moqmedeba kalaSnikovis avtomatiT (АК-74) srolisas

rigiTi

# dabrkolebis (damcavi saSualebis)

dasaxeleba

srolis

siSore (m)

gamWoli

natyviarebis

procenti an

tyviis

SeRwevis si-

Rrme

foladis furclebi (90o-iani

Sexvedris kuTxisas) sisqiT:

2 mm -----------------------

---------------------------------------------- 950 50%

3 mm-------------------------

----------------------------------------------

670 50%

1.

5 mm-------------------------

----------------------------------------------

250 50%

2. foladis muzaradi (CaCqani) 800 80-90%

3. javSanJileti 350 75-100%

4. brustveri mWidrod datkepnili

Tovlisagan

400 30-60%

5. miwis dabrkoleba datkepnili

Tixnari gruntisagan

400 20-25%

6. kedeli 20sm sisqis xmeli WiWvis

Zelebisagan

650 50%

7. aguris wyoba 100 10-12 sm

134

danarTi 3 me-2 muxlisaTvis

ZiriTadi cxrili kalaSnikovis avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da АК-74)

foladis guliani tyvia tyviis sawyisi siCqare AKM 715 m/wm da АК-74 AKM 900m/wm tyviis wona 7,6gr gamofrenis kuTxe AKM minus 2wT da АК-74 minus 4wT АК-74 tyviis wona3,4gr tyviis salule energia AKM 207kgxm АК-74 140kgxm

siSore damiznebis kuTxe dacemis kuTxe traeqtoriis

simaRle

horizontaluri siSore traeqtoriis mwvervalamde

tyviis frenis sruli dro

tyviis saboloo siCqare

tyviis energia dacemis

wertilidan

grad.wT. meaTased. grad.wT. meaTased. metri metri wami m/wm kgxm metri AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74

100 0 07 0 08 1,9 2,2 0 04 0 02 1,1 0,6 0,03 0,02 51 51 0,15 0,12 623 801 157 111

200 0 11 0 10 3,1 2,8 0 09 0 06 2,5 1,7 0,13 0,08 105 104 0,32 0,25 537 709 117 87

300 0 16 0 13 4,4 3,6 0 18 0 10 5,0 2,8 0,34 0,20 162 159 0,52 0,39 459 623 86 67

400 0 22 0 16 6,1 4,4 0 31 0 16 8,6 4,4 0,71 0,40 221 217 0,76 0,57 391 543 63 51

500 0 31 0 20 8,6 5,5 0 48 0 25 13 6,9 1,3 0,74 282 277 1,04 0,77 334 467 47 38

600 0 42 0 26 12 7,2 1 09 0 38 19 11 2,3 1,3 344 341 1,35 1,01 304 397 37 26

700 0 54 0 34 15 9,4 1 35 0 57 26 16 3,7 2,1 406 407 1,69 1,29 284 340 32 20

800 1 08 0 43 19 12 2 06 1 21 35 23 5,5 3,3 468 476 2,05 1,60 266 306 29 16

900 _ 0 54 _ 15 _ 1 49 _ 30 _ 4,9 _ 543 _ 1,94 _ 285 _ 14

1000 _ 1 07 _ 19 _ 2 20 _ 39 _ 7,1 _ 608 _ 2,34 _ 267 _ 12

135

danarTi 4

me-2 muxlisaTvis damiznebis xazze traeqtoriis gadacileba

kalaSnikovis avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da АК-74)

foladisguliani tyvia AKM tyviis wona 7,6gr tyviis sawyisi siCqare AKM 715 m/wm da АК-74 900 m/wm

АК-74 tyviis wona 3,4gr

siSore m

kor a 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

s a n t i m e t r e b i

AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74

1 0 0 0 0 _7 _3 _20 _10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 5 3 10 5 9 5 0 0 _17 _10 _45 _25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3 13 6 25 13 31 17 30 16 20 11 0 0 _31 _17 _77 _43 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4 22 11 44 24 60 33 69 38 68 37 57 22 35 20 0 0 _52 _27 _123 _65 _ _ _ _

5 34 18 68 37 96 52 116 64 127 70 129 71 119 65 95 52 55 31 0 0 _83 _42 _187 _98

siSore

m ko

ra

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

800

900 1000 1100 1200

m e t r e b i

AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74 AKM АК-74

6 0,98 0,54 1,8 0,97 2,2 1,2 2,1 1,2 1,4 0,82 0 0 _2,7 _1,5 _6,4 _3,7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7 1,3 0,75 2,5 1,4 3,3 1,8 3,6 2,0 3,3 1,9 2,1 1,3 0 0 _3,5 _2,1 _8,4 _5,2 _ _ _ _ _ _

8 1,8 1,0 3,4 1,9 4,6 2,7 5,4 3,1 5,5 3,2 4,7 2,9 3,0 1,9 0 0 _4,5 _2,9 10,5 _7,0 _ _ _ _

9 _ 1,4 _ 2,2 _ 3,6 _ 4,4 _ 4,8 _ 4,8 _ 4,1 _ 2,6 _ 0 _ _3,8 _ _8,9 _ _

10 _ 1,7 _ 3,3 _ 4,8 _ 5,9 _ 6,7 _ 7,1 _ 6,8 _ 5,6 _ 3,4 _ 0 _ _4,8 _ _11,1

136

danarTi 5

me-2 muxlisaTvis gafantvis daxasiaTeba

(AKM avtomatisaTvis ) foladisguliani tyvia mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an mdgomela sangridan

gafantvis saSualo gadaxrebi gadaxris sibrtyis gulidan (centridan)

jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis jerebis pirveli

tyviebis tyviebis moxvedris

Suawertilebis Sejamebeli

simaRleSi

BB 1

gverdiT

Bб 1

simaRleSi

BB

gverdiT

Bб simaRleSi

BB m.S.w

gverdiT

Bб m.S.w

simaRleSi

BB Semaj gverdiT

Bб Semaj simaRleSi

СB gverdiT

Сб

siSore

(m)

metri

100 0,04 0,03 0,06 0,09 0,05 0,07 0,08 0,11 0,24 0,34

200 0,08 0,07 0,11 0,18 0,10 0,13 0,15 0,22 0,46 0,68

300 0,02 0,11 0,17 0,27 0,15 0,20 0,23 0,33 0,70 1,01

400 0,17 0,15 0,23 0,36 0,20 0,27 0,31 0,44 0,95 1,35

500 0,21 0,18 0,29 0,45 0,26 0,33 0,39 0,56 1,19 1,71

600 0,26 0,22 0,35 0,54 0,31 0,40 0,47 0,67 1,44 2,05

700 0,32 0,26 0,42 0,63 0,36 0,46 0,55 0,78 1,69 2,39

800 0,38 0,31 0,49 0,72 0,41 0,53 0,64 0,90 1,96 2,75

SeniSvna: erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi Seesabameba jerebis pirveli

gasrolebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebs (BB1 da Bб1).

137

gafantvis daxasiaTeba (АК-74 avtomatisaTvis)

a) mokle jerebiT srolisas (3 gasrola) avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan foladisguliani tyvia mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an sangridan

gafantvis saSualo gadaxrebi (sm)

jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis jerebis pirveli

tyviebis tyviebis moxvedris Suawertilebis Sejamebeli

simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT

siSore

(m)

BB1 Bб1 BB Bб BB mSw Bб mSw BB Semaj Bб Semaj

100 4 2 3 4 5 7 6 8

200 8 4 6 8 10 14 12 16

300 12 6 9 12 15 21 18 24

400 16 8 12 16 20 28 24 32

500 20 10 15 20 25 35 30 40

600 24 12 18 24 30 42 36 48

700 29 14 22 28 35 49 42 56

800 34 17 26 32 40 56 48 64

900 39 20 31 37 45 63 65 73

1000 46 23 37 42 50 70 62 82

SeniSvna: 1. cxrilSi naCvenebia saukeTeso meavtomateebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi.

2. mocemuli cxrili gamosadegia Ramissamizniani avtomatiT srolisaTvis.

3. erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi Seesabameba jerebis pirveli

gasrolebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebs (BB1 da Bб1).

138

b) gafantvis maxasiaTeblebis Secvlis gardamavali koeficientebi srolisaTvis mdgomareobis Secvlisas

gardamavali koeficientebi wolela sayrdeniT mdgomareobidan srolasTan SedarebiT

jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis jerebis pirveli

tyviebis tyviebis moxvedris

Suawertilebis Sejamebeli

simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT

mdgomareoba

srolisaTvis

BB1 Bб1 BB Bб BB m.S.w Bб m.S.w BB Semaj Bб

Semaj

mdgomela

sangridan

sayrdeniT

1,2 2,0 2,0 1,7 1,0 1,1 1,3 1,4

wolela

xelidan

1,2 2,5 8,3 3,5 1,4 1,6 4,3 2,1

Coqela 1,7 4,5 8,0 7,2 5,2 2,0 5,8 4,0

mdgomela

xelidan

2,5 3,7 11,3 10,5 3,0 3,0 6,2 5,9

svlidan

xanmokle

SeCerebiT

3,7 7,0 12,3 11,2 5,6 4,4 7,7 6,8

qsm-dan

adgilidan

1,3 2,0 3,0 3,2 1,0 1,6 1,8 2,1

SeniSvna: gafantvis maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvrisaTvis srolisaTvis mocemuli mdgomareobidan,

aucilebelia cxrilSi wolela sayrdeniani mdgomareobisaTvis miTiTebuli sidideebi gavamravloT

srolisaTvis mdgomareobis Sesabamis gardamaval koeficientze.

139

danarTi 6 me-2 muxlisaTvis

vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad

kalaSnikovis (АКМ) avtomatidan srolisas mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an sangridan srolisas

srolis manZili (m)

Tavis

figura samkerde

figura welis

figura morbenali

figura

morbenali figura

(iribad) profilSi

tyviamfrqvevi reaqtiuli

tanksawinaaRmdego Tofi tanksawinaaRmdego

yumbarsatyorc

100

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200 2

4

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

300

36

24

14

14

14

24

13

13

400

49

36

24

24

25

25

13

13

500

613

49

25

25

26

36

24

13

600 -

512

36

26

37

48

25

24

700 -

716

48

37

49

511

26

24

800 - - 5

11

49

511

715

37

25

mricxvelSi _ mokle jerebiT srolisas, mniSvnelSi _ erTeuli cecxliT srolisas. SeniSvna: 1. moZrav (flangurad an kuTxiT) mizanSi srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 1,3-jer.

2. Ramis samizniani avtomatiT srolisas wolela mdgomareobidan sayrdeniT an mdgomela sangridan vaznebis raodenoba miiReba iseTive, rogorc am mdgomareobidan dRisiT srolisas. 3. sadesanto gadamyvani saSualebebidan srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 2-jer. 4. wolela mdgomareobidan xelidan, Coqela mdgomareobidan da moZraobaSi mokle SeCerebebiT an mdgomela mdgomareobidan srolisas vaznebis raodenoba Sesabamisad izrdeba: 100 m manZilze 1,3 da 1,8 jer, 200m manZilze 1,6 da 2,3 jer, did manZilze – 2 jer.

140

vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad kalaSnikovis (АК-74) avtomatidan samgasroliani jerebiT srolisas (mniSvnelSi avtomatiT srolisas erTeuli

gasrolebiT saukeTeso meavtomateebis

miznis dasxeleba da nomeri mdgomare

oba

srolisa

Tvis

srolis

manZili

(m) Tavis

figura

samkerde

figura

welis

figura

morbenali

figura

reaqtiuli

tanksawinaaRm

dego Tofi

tanksawinaaRm-

dego

yumbarsatyorcni

tyviamfrqvevi vertfreni

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200 14

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

300 25

14

13

13

13

13

13

13

400 37

24

13

13

13

14

13

13

500 4

10

26

14

13

13

25

14

13

600 6

14

38

24

14

14

25

25

13

700 8

19

410

25

25

24

36

25

13

wolel

a sayrdeniT

800 1126

614

37

26

25

38

37

13

141

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200

24

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

300

37

24

13

13

13

13

13

13

400

511

36

24

24

13

24

14

13

500

716

49

25

25

24

25

25

13

600

1122

5

12

36

26

25

37

26

13

700

1531

8

16

48

37

36

49

37

13

mdgo

mela sangrid

an sayrdeniT

800 2041

1021

510

48

37

511

49

13

142

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200

25

14

13

13

13

13

13

13

300

49

25

14

14

13

14

13

13

400

714

38

25

26

14

25

14

13

500

1021

5

12

27

27

25

26

25

13

600

1525

7

14

38

39

25

37

36

13

700

2044

1023

5

12

412

37

4

11

49

13

olel

a xel

idan

800

26

1330

7

15

515

49

6

15

512

13

143

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

14

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200

411

27

25

25

13

14

14

13

300

822

4

12

37

27

25

27

26

13

400

1432

820

4

11

310

37

4

11

39

13

500

22

1129

6

16

513

4

10

515

4

12

13

600

32

1739

821

6

17

514

821

6

17

14

700

45

2350

1127

822

7

18

1127

923

14

Coqela

800

=

30

1434

1127

924

1435

1129

25

144

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

25

14

13

13

13

13

13

13

200

515

38

25

25

14

25

24

13

300

1230

6

16

39

37

26

39

37

13

400

2047

1026

5

14

411

39

5

14

411

13

500

32

1637

820

6

15

513

820

6

16

13

600

46

2349

1127

821

7

18

1127

923

14

700 =

32

1534

1127

924

1535

1230

25

mdgo

mela xel

idan

800

=

46

1942

1433

1230

1943

1637

25

145

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

310

26

14

14

13

14

14

13

200

1235

6

18

39

38

26

39

38

13

300

27

438

7

19

514

4

12

719

5

15

13

400

48

24

1131

823

720

1132

925

14

500 - -

1748

1235

1131

1748

1438

25

600 - -

24

1748

1543

24

19

27

700 - -

32

24

21

33

26

38

svlisas xanmokl

e SeCer

ebiT

800 - -

42

30

27

43

34

410

146

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

100

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

200

25

13

13

13

13

13

13

13

300

38

23

14

13

13

14

13

13

400

513

37

24

24

13

25

24

13

500

820

4

11

26

25

24

26

25

13

600

1127

6

15

38

26

25

38

27

13

700

1637

820

4

10

38

37

4

11

39

13

qveiiT

Ta sabr

Zolo manqanid

an, adgilid

an

800

2248

1127

5

14

411

39

6

14

411

13

SeniSvna: 1. moZrav (flangurad an kuTxiT) mizanSi srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 1,3-jer.

2. Ramis samizniani avtomatiT srolisas wolela mdgomareobidan sayrdeniT an mdgomela

sadgaridan vaznebis raodenoba miiReba iseTive, rogorc am mdgomareobidan dRisiT

srolisas.

147

danarTi 7

damiznebis wertilis miznidan gverdiT gatana qaris siCqarisa da miznis flanguri

moZraobis gaTvaliswinebiT (AKM) avtomatidan srolisas

SeniSvna: 1. cxrilis monacemebi Zlieri gverdiTi qarisas aucilebelia gavzardoT 2-jer, xolo

susti qarisas _ SevamciroT 2-jer. rodesac srolis sibrtyisadmi uberavs iribi qari

cxrilis monacemebi aucilebelia SevamciroT 2-jer.

2. iribad moZravi miznis cxriluri monacemebi aucilebelia Semcirdes 2-jer.

gverdiTi qari,

siCqariT

morbenali figura, siCqariT

avtomobili (motocikli), siCqariT

4 m/wm 1,5 m/wm 3 m/wm 10 km/sT 20 km/sT 40 km/sT 60 km/sT

manZil

i (m)

metreb

Si

meaT

ased

ebSi

adamin

is

fig

ureb

Si

metreb

Si

adamin

is

fig

ureb

Si

metreb

Si

adamin

is

fig

ureb

Si

metreb

Si

meaT

ased

ebSi

metreb

Si

meaT

ased

ebSi

metreb

Si

meaT

ased

ebSi

metreb

Si

meaT

ased

ebSi

100 _ _ _ 0,2 0,5 0,5 1 0,4 4 0,8 8 1,7 17 2,5 25 200 0,2 1 0,5 0,5 1 1,0 2 0,9 4,5 1,8 9 3,6 18 5,3 27 300 0,4 1 1 0,8 1,5 1,6 3 1,4 4,5 2,9 10 5,8 19 8,7 29 400 0,8 2 1,5 1,1 2 2,2 4 2,1 5 4,2 10 8,4 21 12,6 31 500 1,4 3 3 1,6 3 3,1 6 2,9 6 5,8 11 11,6 23 17 34 600 2,0 3,5 4 2,0 4 4,0 8 3,8 6 7,5 12 15,0 25 22 37 700 2,8 4 5,5 2,5 5 5,1 10 4,7 6,5 9,4 13 18,8 27 28 40 800 3,7 4,5 7 3,1 6 6,2 12 5,7 7 11 14 22,8 29 34 43

148

danarTi 8

130-e muxlisaTvis vertmfrenebis mowyoba sasroli iaraRiT srolisaTvis

1. sasroli iaraRiT usafrTxoebisa da moxerxebulobis

uzrunvelsayofad МИ-8Т da zogierTi sxva vertmfrenebi

mowyobilia specialuri tabikuri danadgarebiT

(kronSteinebiT).

МИ-8Т vertmfrenze tabikuri danadgarebi ganlagebulia:

_ Sesasvlel karTan kalaSnikovis avtomatiT srolisaTvis;

meore da mexuTe sacqer sarkmlebTan (blisterTan) marcxena

bortze da pirvel, meore da mexuTe sacqer sarkmlebTan

marjvena bortze;

2. МИ-8Т vertmfrenis sasroli iaraRiT srolisaTvis

mowyobilobis kompleqtSi Sedis:

_ erTi ferma da SemoRobva Sesasvleli karidan srolis

uzrunvelsayofad;

_ xuTi tabikuri Tavi avtomatisaTvis;

_ xuTi dgari, sacqer sarkmlebTan ganlagebuli danadgarebis

tabikuri TavebisaTvis;

_ eqvsi urTierTSemcvleli masraTSemkrebi avtomatisaTvis;

3. tabikuri danadgari Sesasvleli karidan srolisaTvis

(nax.91 a,b) Sedgeba: fermisagan, fermis saxsriani sakidaris

kvanZebisagan, tabikuri Tavisagan, avtomatis dasamagreblad,

SemoRobvisagan, (Storisagan), masraTSemkrebisagan da damzRvevi

qamrisagan.

fermaze moTavsebulia Wiqa tabikuri Tavis dasamagreblad da

sayrdenebi, horizontalur sibrtyeSi Tavis mobrunebis

SesazRudad; saxeluri zambariTa da SveriliT danadgaris

gadasayvanad salaSqro mdgomareobidan sabrZoloSi,

sabrZolodan salaSqroSi da mis dasafiqsireblad sabrZolo

mdgomareobaSi.

149

nax. 91. tabikuri danadgari Sesasvleli karidan srolisaTvis

a. saerTo xedi; b. tabikuri Tavi kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqvevis dasamagreblad. 1. ferma; 2. fermis Sarniruli danadgarebis kvanZebi; 3. SemoRobva; 4. Wiqa; 5. saxeluri; 6. tabiki; 7. sayrdeni; 8. poWoWikis bude;

9. momWeri; 10. RerZi; 11. buniki; 12. kauWi; 13. Sesasvleli karis sio.

SemoRobvis daniSnulebaa srolis dros Sesasvleli karis wina nawilSi arsebuli RreCos daxurva da lentis gareT gamovardnis Tavidan acileba. mas gaaCnia mili bunikebiT zemodan da kavebi karis sioSi dasamagreblad. 4. tabikuri danadgari sacqeri sarkmlidan srolisaTvis (nax.92 a,b) Sedgeba dgarisagan _ horizontalur sibrtyeSi tabikis Tavis mobrunebis SemzRudveli sabjenebiT, dgaris saxsruli damagrebis kvanZis, tabikuri Tavisagan, avtomatis masraTSemkrebis dasamagreblad. tabikur Tavs avtomatis dasamagreblad gaaCnia: tabiki, vertikalur sibrtyeSi Tavis mobrunebis SemzRudveli sabjenebi, kalapoti, gadasaxsneli Tamasa; ori loya zambarebiT, momWeri mowyobiloba saxeluriTa da muStiT; marjvena loyaze korZi xvreliT masraTSemkrebis dasamagreblad misi bunikis meSveobiT. loyebi zambaris zemoqmedebiT, roca saxeluri aweulia zeviT, gaxsnilia da gvaZleven gadasaxsnel Tamasaze (kalapotze) avtomatis salulis dadebis saSualebas, saxeluris mobrunebisas zemodan bolomde qvemoT muSti afarToebs loyebis qveda nawilebs da isini, brundebian ra RerZze, etmasnebian iaraRis salules.

150

5. tabikuri danadgarebi gvaZleven sasroli iaraRiT cecxlis Semdeg seqtorebSi cecxlis warmoebis saSualebas (ix. cxrili);

dacxrilvis seqtorebi

vertikalur

sibrtyeSi

gr.wT. rigiT

i

#

tabikuri danadgarebi horizontal

ur

sibrtyeSi zemoT qvemoT

1 marcxena wina (Sesasvlel karTan aRniSnulia

warweriT `ДВ~) 810 +4030 -55000

2 marcxena Sua (meore blisterTan `2Л~) 200 +3000 -36010

3 marcxena ukana (mexuTe blisterTan `3 Л~) 630 +4010 -29030

4 marjvena wina (pirvel blisterTan `1

ПР~); 660 +2000 -35010

5 marjvena Sua (meore blisterTan `2 ПР~) 310 +2000 -30030

6 marjvena ukana (mexuTe blisterTan `3

ПР~) 680 +3040 -31000

nax. 92. tabikuri danadgari sacqeri sarkmlidan srolisaTvis a. saerTo xedi; b. tabikuri Tavi avtomatis dasamagreblad.

1. dgari; 2. dgaris Sarniruli damagrebis kvanZi; 3. korZi

masraTSemkrebis dasamagreblad; 4. tabiki; 5. kalapoti; 6. saxeluri;

7. loya; 8. Wilibi; 9. sacqeri sarkmeli; 10. muStisa da saxeluris

RerZi; 11. loyis RerZi; 12. loyebis zambara; 13. gadasaxsneli Tamasa;

14. masraTSemkrebi.

151

iaraRis mobrunebis SezRudva horizontalur da vertikalur

sibrtyeebSi yovel danadgarze miiRweva specialuri

saregulirebeli sayrdenebis meSveobiT. yoveli danadgari

gankuTvnilia cecxlis warmoebisaTvis gansazRvruli sacqeri

sarkmlidan da tabikur Tavsa da dgarze gaaCnia saTanado

warwera. vertmfrenis konstruqciis tyviiT gaxvretis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT, dauSvebelia tabikuri danadgarebis

(gansakuTrebiT Tavebis) gadadgma Sesasvlel karTan da pirvel

marjvena blisterTan (kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqveviT srolisaTvis

arsebuli Tavebis Secvla TaviT avtomatiT, xelis

tyviamfrqveviT srolisaTvis da piriqiT, warmoebs

bortteqnikosis mier).

6. sacqeri sarkmlebi, romlebTanac ganlagebulia tabikuri

danadgarebi, iReba SigniT da fiqsirdeba zeda mdgomareobaSi.

7. tabikuri danadgarebi, Cveulebriv, arian salaSqro

mdgomareobaSi. maTi moxsna SeiZleba vertmfrenidan da inaxeba

specialur CemodanSi.

8. vertmfrenis satvirTo kabinaSi dayenebulia sayviri

bgeriTi signalebis gadasacemad desantisaTvis. iqve

ganlagebulia salaparako mowyobilobis CasarTveli damatebiTi

wertili, vertmfrenis Sida salaparako mowyobilobasTan

specialuri CarTvisaTvis vertmfrenis ekipaJis desantis

meTaurTan dasakavSireblad.

152

sarCevi nawili pirveli

avtomatebis mowyobiloba, maTi gamoyeneba, movla da

Senaxva ............................................................................................................................ 3

Tavi I.

saerTo cnobebi. avtomatis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo

Tvisebebi ....................................................................................................................... 4

avtomatis Semadgeneli nawilebi da meqanizmebi.

maTi muSaobis principi ....................................................................................... 6

Tavi II.

avtomatis daSla da awyoba ............................................................................ 9

Tavi III.

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis, sakuTnosa da

vaznebis daniSnuleba, mowyobiloba. avtomatis

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis daniSnuleba da mowyobiloba .......... 26

avtomatis sakuTno .............................................................................................. 43

7,62mm-iani da 5,45mm-iani sabrZolo vaznebi ...................................... 44

Tavi IV.

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba.

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis mdgomareoba datenamde ........................ 47

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba datenisas .................................. 48

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba srolisas. nawilebisa

da meqanizmebis muSaoba avtomaturi srolisas ................................ 50

nawilebis da meqanizmebis erTeuli gasroliT srilisas .......... 52

Seferxebebi avtomatiT srolisas da maTi

aRmofxvris xerxebi ............................................................................................ 53

Tavi V.

avtomatis movla da Senaxva. saerTo debuleba ................................ 57

mimdinare momsaxureba ....................................................................................... 59

avtomatis vaznebis Senaxva da dacva .................................................... 63

Tavi VI.

avtomatis sakontrolo daTvaliereba da misi

momzadeba srolisaTvis. saerTo debulebani ...................................... 65

jariskacebisa da serJantebis mier avtomatis

sakontrolo daTvalierebis wesebi ......................................................... 66

153

oficrebis mier avtomatis sakontrolo

daTvalierebis wesi ........................................................................................... 68

sabrZolo vaznebis daTvaliereba .............................................................. 71

avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis ........................................................... 72

Tavi VII.

avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da

misi miyvana normalur moxvedramde. saerTo debulebani ........... 73

moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur

moxvedrebamde miyvana ......................................................................................... 74

RamiT srolis samizne universaluri (НСПУ), moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur

moxvedrebamde miyvana ......................................................................................... 76 nawili meore

avtomatis srolis ileTebi da wesebi .................................................. 79

Tavi VIII.

avtomatiT srolis ileTebi. saerTo debulebani ........................... 80

srolisaTvis momzadeba .................................................................................... 82

srola ......................................................................................................................... 89

srolis Sewyveta ................................................................................................. 94

sayrdenidan da safaridan srolis ileTebi ....................................... 97

svlisas srolis ileTebi .............................................................................. 99

srolis ileTebi Txilamurebze dgomisas .......................................... 100

srolis ileTebi gadaadgilebisas ........................................................... 102

sahaero miznebSi srolis ileTebi ......................................................... 105

vertmfrenidan srolis ileTebi .............................................................. 107

Tavi IX.

avtomatiT srolis wesebi. saerTo debulebani .............................. 110

brZolis velze meTvalyureoba da miznis Cveneba ......................... 110

miznis SerCeva ....................................................................................................... 111

korisa da damiznebis wertilis SerCeva ............................................. 112

cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis momentis SerCeva .............................................. 115

cecxlis gaxsna, mis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba

da koreqtireba .................................................................................................. 116

srola uZrav da gamoCenad miznebSi .................................................... 117

srola moZrav miznebSi ................................................................................... 118

srola sahaero miznebze ................................................................................ 120

154

srola mTaSi ......................................................................................................... 123

srola SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi ....................................... 123

srola radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri

dasnebovnebis pirobebSi ................................................................................. 126

srola moZraobisas ........................................................................................... 127

srola vertmfrenidan ..................................................................................... 128

vaznebiT momarageba da maTi xarji brZolaSi ................................. 130 danarTebi

danarTi 1.

7,62mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizirebuli

avtomatis da 5,45mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis

balistikuri da konstruqciuli monacemebi .................................... 131

danarTi 2.

a) 7,62mm-iani vaznebis tyviis gamxvreti moqmedeba

kalaSnikovis modernizebuli avtomatiT

(AKM) srolisas ............................................................................................... 132

b) 5,45mm-iani vaznis foladguliani tyviis gamxvreti

moqmedeba kalaSnikovis avtomatiT (AK74) srolisas ................. 133

danarTi 3.

ZiriTadi cxrili ............................................................................................... 134

danarTi 4.

damiznebis xazze traeqtoriis gadacileba. kalaSnikovis

avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da AK74) ............................................................ 135 danarTi 5.

gafantvis daxasiaTeba (AKM) avtomatisaTvis ............................. 136 danarTi 6.

vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia

erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad ................................................................. 139

danarTi 7.

damiznebis wertilis miznidan gverdiT gatana qaris

siCqarisa da miznis flanguri moZraobis

gaTvaliswinebiT (AKM) avtomatidan srolisas .......................... 147

danarTi 8.

vertmfrenebis mowyoba sasroli iaraRiT

srolisaTvis ......................................................................................................... 148

sarCevi ............................................................................................................ 152