(Science)

Zoom

To the Moon and Back

Germ Fighter

Paris France

Split!

Celebrities Past & Present

Table of Contents Zoom_______Gary Scott_________3

To the Moon and Back_____Jess Bahr_____5

Germ Fighter______Josh Bearn_______7

Paris France_______ Lucian Stevens_____9

Light Speed______Robin Banks____13

The Naturalist________Meredith Smith______11

Boom!________Kevin Smithson_____15

Strum______Ace Rayxing____17

The Center of the Universe______Andrea Fox_____19

From still to Motion_____Jackson Taurus_____21

The early Naturalist_____Billy Harper_____23

Periodically Incline_____Ray Marshal____25

Not an Ordinary Hole______Mason White_____27

Just a Vehicle_____Jose Gonzales_____29

Ouch my Head____Marcus Sanchez____31

Poisoned Reading_____Hannabella Smilan____33

The big Screen_____Billy Bob Joe____35

Table of Contents Inventeur Jade Makala 3

Strum Ace Rayxing 5

The Big Screen Dawn Carter 7

Ouch my Head Marcus Sanchez 9

To the Moon and Back Jess Bahr 11

Paris France Lucian Stevens 13

Zoom Gary Scott 15

Not an Ordinary Hole Mason White 17

The Father of Microbiology Emily Goodling 19

From still to Motion Jackson Taurus 21

Bill Gates or Bill Grate Hugh Jass 23

The Naturalist Meredith Smith 25

Poisoned Reading Hannabella Smilan 27

Just a Vehicle Jose Gonzales 29

Splat! Mark Robertson 31

Boom! Kevin Smithson 33

Curie…ous Kim Joyce 35

The early Naturalist Billy Harper 37

The Center of the Universe Andrea Fox 39

Bang! Victor Ricardo Rodriquez 41

Inventeur By: Jade Makala

He was an American

interpreter, a

marketer, and an

inventor. He was the

chairman, co-funder,

and CEO of Apple

Inc. This is Steve

Jobs. Are you

familiar with or own

any apple products?

Such as the IPhone,

IPod, IPad, or IMac? If

so, you may already know a little bit

about Steve, his products, his life, or

his family.

Steve Jobs was born on

February 24, 1955 in San Francisco,

California. He was an adopted child,

who was named and raised by his

adopted parents. It wasn’t until he

was 27 years old that he could

uncover information about his

biological parents. His real name is

Steven Paul Jobs and went by Steve

Jobs. When Steve Jobs was in

elementary and middle school he was

not necessarily a “good kid”. He got

into a lot of trouble and did not do

much of his work. Although he did

not have the best grades and he was

not very well behaved, he was

very smart. When

he was in fourth

grade, his teacher

wanted to skip him

to high school - a

proposal that his

parents declined.

As he began to get

older he began to

straighten out. He attended Reed

Collage in Portland Oregon, from

1972 to 1974. He studied physics,

litature, and poetry. At the age of 21,

Jobs and his partner, Wozniak,

started Apple Computer. The duo

began in the Jobs’ garage and funded

their entrepreneurial venture by Jobs

selling his bus, and Wozniak selling

his beloved scientific calculator. Jobs

and Wozniak are credited with

revolutionizing the computer industry

by democratizing the technology and

making the machines smaller,

cheaper, and accessible to everyday

consumers. However, the next

!

several apple products suffered

significant design flaws, resulting in

recalls and customer disappointment.

Soon enough, Jobs left apple and in

1985, he bought an animation

company, which came to be Pixar

Animation Studios. After this, Jobs

put Apple back on track and many

more inventions that are now called

the iPhone, iPod, iMac, etc. In

addition to his amazing careers, he

had a beautiful wife named Laurence

Powell Jobs. They had three children

together named Lisa Brennan-

Jobs, Erin Siena Jobs, Reed Jobs,

and Eve Jobs and a daughter from

another mother. As a family they

lived in Palo Alto, California. As

Steve Jobs got older, he

encountered pancreatic cancer.

After battling this for almost a

decade, Apple Inc. announced on

October 5, 2011, that its co-

funder had passed away. He had

passed away in Palo Alto,

California, at the age of 56.

In Steven Paul Jobs’ lifetime he

was awarded many awards. He was

awarded the National Medal of

Technology and Innovation in 1985,

The Grammy Trustees Award in 2012,

The PGA Vanguard Award in 2002,

Jefferson Award for the Great Public

Service in 1987, and the Bravo Otto –

Internet Star in 2011. He was an

amazing man. He was a genius. Next

time you get onto you iPhone iPod or

iMac, thank Steve Jobs for that. If it

was not for him, you would not have

or do the things you do on your Apple

product without him.

Strum

By: Ace Rayxing

Have you ever seen a

show called “How the

Universe Works”? Do

you have an interest

in what they do in

it? Well, you will

be finding out

more about one of

the scientists.

This particular

scientist was

the co-

founder of something

very important. This

person has had an

interest in science for

many years. When he

was small, he made an

atom smasher as a

child. Does this make

you excited? Well, you

are about to find more

about the person.

Probably the most

important thing about

this person is his name,

Michio Kaku.

Michio Kaku

was born on January

24, 1947 and

he was

born in

San Jose,

California. Kaku began

to have an interest in

science as a child. He

made an atom smasher

as a kid as mentioned

before in this article.

He has a family of 2

daughters and a wife

named Shizue. Being a

good scientist takes a

lot of work, and it is not

easy. Kaku studied at

Harvard University.

Later, he went to 2

more universities. After

a lot of work in these

universities, he got a

B.S. degree and a

Ph.D. degree also.

Michio Kaku is a

physicist and a scientist.

He knows a lot about

what he studies and

what he does. But this

scientist does not keep

his research private. He

has appeared in many

popular T.V. shows

and books. He has

explained many

complicated ideas of

science like what

happens in a black

hole. While many of us

or even the scientists

may not know a lot

about the topic, they

still try their best to

explain what they have

found so far. Kaku has

also raised global

awareness of many

important topics such

as nuclear weapons and

global warming.

Michio Kaku

used to read books and

watch T.V. shows

about parallel universes

and time travel. He

wanted to learn more

about these topics, so

he decided to learn

physics. Kaku was

largely inspired by

someone almost

everybody knows of,

and that is Albert

Einstein. Michio

Kaku’s family was

poor, but they still

supported his work in

as many ways possible.

Probably the most

important discovery

that Kaku has made is

that he was the co-

founder of string field

theory, a subset of

string theory. This was

a major idea back in

that time, and this was

because Einstein (his

inspiration) was trying

to find out a theory of

everything. String

theory combines two

theories by assuming

there are multiple

universes and

dimensions.

This was very

helpful, and

Kaku was a part

of it.

As you

can see, Kaku

has done much

to improve science. He

was the co-founder of

string theory, which was

very important. Also,

he has improved

science by expanding to

the outside world. He

has allowed everybody

to see what he did and

he is not making

science just for scientist.

He does not want to

cover his findings up,

instead he wants

everybody to learn

about all they want to

know. So the next time

you want to find out

more about a physics

topic, you know who to

go to.

________________________

Bio.com. A&E

Networks Television,

n.d. Web. 20 Jan.

2015.

Philo Farnsworth and his TV

THE BIG SCREEN By: Dawn Carter

Could you imagine life

without TV? Because

the TV might not have

been invented if it

weren’t for Philo

Farnsworth. He

invented the first

fully electronic TV.

If we did have the

TV we definitely

wouldn’t be as far

in TV technology as

we are now.

Philo

Farnsworth

became interested

in technology

when he was 6. He

was talking to his aunt

on a telephone and

was amazed by how

well he could hear her.

So he decided he

wanted to become an

inventor. When he was

12 he built an electric

motor and a washing

machine. (His family

had never owned a

washing machine until

then.) In high school

he changed his

family’s home

appliances to electric

power. In high school

Farnsworth also won a

national contest with

his original invention,

a tamper proof lock.

Philo

Farnsworth went to

school at Brigham

Young University He

focused on science

math and technology.

When his dad died in

1922. He dropped out

of college to

support his

family.

Finally, in

1927, at age

21 he sent his

first image

through a TV.

That first

image was

surprisingly a

line. The TV

looked almost

exactly like a

sketch he had drawn

in a high school

chemistry class at

Rigby high school.

Sadly Farnsworth

rejected his first offer

from RCA to purchase

the rights of his TV and

moved to Philadelphia

to open his company

called Philco.

Starting in the

late 1920s

Farnsworth’s life went

downhill. He fought

legal charges. People

thought he was

copying Vladimir

Zworykin idea for the

TV. Philo proved he

wasn’t copying by

showing a picture that

he had sketched of the

TV, in high school.

After he delt

with Vladimir

Zworykin. He kept

trying to invent more

things. Something he

invented was a

machine to sterilize

milk using radio

waves. After he

accepted the deal

from RCA, he sold his

company. He

continued his studies

at Brigham Young

University, and started

to run a fusion lab. The

following year he

moved his lab to Salt

Lake City.

His company

didn’t last long. By

1970 he was in serious

debt. He had been

battling depression for

decades, and turned to

alcohol in his last years

of life. He got

pneumonia and died

on March 11, 1971 in

Salt Lake City, Utah.

After he died,

his wife, Pem

Farnsworth tried to

make known of the

inventions he made.

Because of his wife

Farnsworth has been

inducted into the San

Francisco Hall of Fame

and a statue of him

stands at the

Letterman Digital Arts

Center.

Ouch, my head! By: Marcus Sanchez

Gravity, if you ask

someone “what is gravity?”

they will tell you “it is what

holds us to the ground” but if

newton was you ask them “who

found out how it works” they

might not know. The person who

found out how gravity works

was Sir Isaac Newton.

Sir Isaac WAS

born on 1-4-

1643 in United

Kingdom. And he

also died in

United Kingdom

on

3-31-1727 so he

lived for 83

years. He was

buried in the

United Kingdom,

where he was

born and where

he died. When he

was nine years

old he carved the sundial on a

wall in his house. One of his

famous quotes is “i do not know

what I may appear to the

world, but to myself I seem to

have been only like a boy

playing on the seashore, and

diverting myself in now and

then finding a smoother pebble

or prettier shell than

ordinary, whistle the great

ocean of truth lay all

undiscovered before me” and

he built his first

telescope on 1668. And

developed a theory of

colors based on the

observation that a

closed shape

decomposes white light

into the many colors of

the rainbow. newton’s

real father died three

months before he was

born. so newton’s

mother, name Hannah

Ayscough, remarried

and he was raised by his

grandmother. His real

father’s name was also

Isaac, and he was a farmer.

Newton had a stepbrother and

his name was Benjamin. When

Newton was young his main

This is Sir Isaac Newton he is best

known for how gravity really

works.

If you

can’t

afford

the Xbox

360, get

the Xbox

180! They

look

worse

and get

dirty

easier

with its

white

color.

interest was optics. And when

he grew he wrote a book about

optics. sir isaac newton’s field

of studies are mathematics,

physics, astronomy, theology,

alchemy, and natural

philosophy. And Sir Isaac

Newton published seven books

before he died. and One of them

was called “a historical

Account of Two Notable

corruptions of scripture” he

published that book on 1754.

And another one was called

“method of fluxions” he

published this one on 1736. The

third one was called “the

Chronology of Ancient

kingdoms” and he published this

one on 1728. The fourth one

was called “de mundi

systemate” he published that

one on 1728. The fifth one was

called “arithmetica

universalis” and he published

this one on 1707. The sixth one

was called “optics” he

published that one on 1704. The

last book Sir Isaac Newton

wrote was called

“philosophiae naturalist

principia mathematica” and he

published his last book on

1687. And On 1665 Sir Isaac

Newton was rewarded the

Bachelor of Arts (B.A). And on

1668 he was rewarded the

Master of Arts (M.A). And Sir

Isaac Newton was best known

for explaining how gravity

works. The college Sir Isaac

Newton went to was called

Trinity College. But he did not

do well in college, and his

mother did not want to pay for

it because he did not do well in

college. And Sir Isaac Newton

kept a writing journal to

express his ideas on paper. SIR

Isaac Newton is widely

recognized as one of the

greatest scientists of all time

Even though he lived with his

grandmother because his

mother remarried after his

father’s death.

“That’s one small step for

man, one giant leap for

mankind.”

The crew that “Apollo 11” carried to

the moon.

To The Moon and Back By: Jess Bahr

It was August 5th, 1930 in Wapakoneta Ohio, and a very important event was about to happen. A hero was about to be born. This heroes name was Neil, Neil Armstrong, about to become the oldest out of three. Neil also grew up in Wapakoneta, Ohio where his dad took him to an air show at a young age and his passion and love for flying started. When he was 15 Neil got his pilot’s license. He even got his pilot’s license before he got his driver’s license.

Neil served in the Korean War then went off to college. Neil went to Purdue

University in Southern California. When he went off to college he earned two college degrees. He received a Bachelor’s Degree and his Aerospace Engineering Degree. Neil graduated with these two degrees and also graduated with a Masters in Aeronautical Engineering. After college Neil and his wife had three children. From there he started training to become an astronaut at an organization called N.A.S.A in 1962. At first he was just a test pilot he flew over 200 different types of aircraft during his carrier. After that he had to go through a series of harsh tests. He then became command pilot for his first mission Gemini 8 in 1966. Neil got so many awards throughout his career; the Presidential

Medal of Freedom, Collier Trophy and Congressional Space to name a few. Before Neil’s big mission “Apollo 11” he also had another mission “Gemini 8”. On this mission there were two crewmembers, Neil Armstrong and David Scott. This mission took them 10 hours, 41 minutes, and 26 seconds. All things went well on this mission and both David and Neil got home safely.

December 23rd, 1968 he got offered the command of the Apollo 11 mission. It was July 16th, 1969 in Cape Kennedy. In the picture below you will see Neil

Armstrong on the left, Michael Collins in the middle and Buzz Aldrin on the right. There was tension in the air one of the biggest moments in man history was about to be made. Apollo 11 was about to take off from its launch pad, after months and months of preparation. Carrying Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot

Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. It’s time 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5… 4… 3… 2… 1… take off!

8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, and 35 seconds later. “July 21” Apollo 11 or the “Eagle” landed on the moon; the world went silent, six hundred million people watching on their TV’s. Neil Armstrong was about to step off of the Lunar Module and about to become the first man in the universe to walk on the moon. Step by step he went down the stairs. About to step off, about to make history as the first man on the moon ever, he steps off and he says one of most famous quotes in the whole world…“That’s one small step for man, one leap for mankind”

Neil’s footprint on the moon.

After that he put an American flag on the moon, as cheers throughout the country spread. The heroes landed in the Pacific Ocean safely. Still today, stand Neil Armstrong’s footprints on the moon. Edwin “buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins are also a big part of this mission. Buzz was the second man to ever step on the moon while Michael stayed in the lunar module. Before the Apollo 11 mission both Buzz and Michael had at least one other mission. Buzz had Gemini 12 [1966] and Michael had Gemini 10 [1966].

After Apollo 11 Neil became a professor at the University of Cincinnati teaching Aerospace Engineering. Neil Armstrong “a great man” unfortunately passed away August 25th, 2012 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 82 years old.

By Lucian Stevens

Ever been to Paris, France

and wondered who built the

Eiffel tower? It was built in

January 28, 1887 by Gustave

Eiffel. Did you know that

Gustave Eiffel is nicknamed the

“magician of Iron”? Eiffel went

to college at Sainte-Barbe. Now

that you’ve gotten enough basic

information, let’s dive in to the

life of Gustave Eiffel and his

most famous creation, the Eiffel

Tower!

Gustave Eiffel’s full name

is Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel.

Eiffel was born on December,

15, 1832 at Dijon, France. He

had two uncles (Jean-Baptiste

Mollerat and Michel Perret) who

taught him things from

chemistry to religion. He had

brothers and sisters, his uncle

and his dad and mom.

After his graduation, Eiffel

specialized in metal

construction. He was especially

specialized in bridges. He used

mathematics for the next few

decades to build stronger and

lighter structures. One of Eiffel’s

first projects was in 1858, when

he was overseeing the building

of an iron bridge at Bordeaux.

Then in 1866, Eiffel started his

own establishment. As Eiffel’s

career advanced, he moved

away from bridgework. For

example, in 1879 he created a

ceiling for the astronomical

observatory in Nice, France.

During the same year, the initial

interior engineer of the Statue of

Liberty died, and Eiffel was

employed as the new engineer.

Eiffel created a whole new

support system for the statue

that would not rely on the

weight to support the copper

skin, but the skeletal structure

instead to support the structure.

He made the steel

framework on the Statue of

Liberty before it was sent to

New York. He also designed

numerous other structures such

as the Garabit viaduct, Eiffel

Bridge, the Saigon Central Post

Office. The Eiffel Tower was

built for the International

Exhibition of Paris in 1889 to

commemorate the 100th

anniversary of the French

Revolution. The final design

required over 18,000 pieces of

puddle iron (wrought iron), 2.5

million rivets, and a couple

hundred workers who spent two

years building the framework to

the tower.

The Eiffel Tower’s

construction was completed in

1889. It had cost 1.5 million in

U.S dollars back then with Eiffel

and the French state paying

most of it. In today’s dollars that

would mean about 36 million

dollars! After a year of the tower

being open to the public, Eiffel

became a rich man in result. It

stood at 1,000 feet. After its

construction, many people

viewed this structure with

skepticism. The tower was

originally planned to be a

temporary exhibit. Then in 1909,

the tower was almost scrapped

and torn down.

Then in 1957, a antenna

was added and this added

another 63 feet to this nearly

thousand foot tower! The tower

is still standing today thanks to

the design that Eiffel designed.

Open sides in the Eiffel Tower

allows the wind to pass

throughout the building which

sways only around six to seven

centimeters!

While we remember Eiffel

mainly for his creation of the

Eiffel Tower, it is very important

to remember the man himself

who built the Tower. Eiffel once

said “I ought to be jealous of the

tower. It is more famous than I

am.” –Gustave Eiffel

The Eiffel Tower

"Discovery Education." Discovery

Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan.

2015.

Free

vacation

to

space!

This is a picture of Alexander Fleming trying to

find a cure for bacterial infection like penicillin.

Zoom

By: Gary Scott

Alexander Fleming was born on

August 6, 1881 in a remote rural

place in a part of Scotland. The

Fleming family spent most of their

time out side exploring the Stream

and valleys around them. “We

unconsciously learned a great deal

from nature,”

Said

Alexander

Fleming. Then

Alexander’s

father died

when he was

only seven

years old, and

his oldest

brother took

the farm.

Later his other

brother Tom

had gone to

study medicine and was starting a

practice in London. A little later four

Fleming brothers and one sister were

living together He had to wait 4 years

in a shipping office waiting to go to St.

Mary’s. . Ale, as he was called, moved

to London when he was 14 years old.

Travel to The 1900 came around and

the Boer War broke out between the

United Kingdom and its colonies in

southern Africa. Alec along with two of

his brothers joined the Scottish

regiment. He hoped that he would be

able to fight for his county. They

practiced their shooting, swimming,

and other events that will prepare

them to travel to Transvaal. Later

there Uncle died and left them each

250 pound. Tom’s medical repetition

was now thriving and he inspired Alec

to put his legacy

toward the

investigation of

medicine. Fleming

also was interested

with natural

bacteria and the

blood in

antiseptics. .With

the 250 pounds he

got from his uncle

Alec took to mind

that he could start

his career.

Fleming took

the highest score in the qualifying

examination, and had his choice of

medical school. Alec lived by three

different schools, he picked ST.

Mary’s. In 1905 he started to

specialize in becoming a surgeon for

the most random reason. His switch to

bacteriology was even more surprising

and if he was going to become a

surgeon he would have to leave ST.

Mary’s. The leader of ST. Mary’s rife

club and knew he was a good shot and

tried everything he could to keep Alec

at ST. Mary’s. With all his hard work he

was able to convince Alec to stay for

the rest of his career.

Fleming was one of the doctors

to treat patients with syphilis. He used

new and difficult techniques of

injection. He was able to treat so

many patients that he got the nick

name “private 606.” When World War

1 broke out, the staff left to go to

France to set up a battlefield hospital

lab. They encountered so many drastic

infections that soldiers quickly died

from them. Yet they were still very

simple infections. Fleming felt like

there was something like the

salvarsan that could help find a

solution to fighting microbe infections.

During the course of the war it was

soon overshadowed.

In the labs in 1920, Fleming

researched for an effective antiseptic

and he found that lysozyme, an

enzyme occurring in many blood fluids

that is in tears. It had a strong natural

antibacterial effect on the agents.

Usually Fleming had some much going

on in his lab that it was often jumble.

This disorder proved very fortunate. In

1928 Fleming wash starting some

dished and would examine each one

before putting it in the dry station. But

on mad him stop and say “That’s

funny.” Mold was growing on one of

the dishes and around the mold was

staph bacteria had been kill. He made

sure to take a sample of the mold to

examine it. Later on he found out that

penicillium family, then specified as

Pencillium Notatum. Fleming

presented this to the British journal of

Experiment Pathology. When world

war 11 came out this came back to

their attention and Alexander Fleming

won the Noble Prize in 1945 for his

findings. Alexander Fleming died on

March 11, 1955 in London, United

Kingdom. His findings have saved

many lives and without his invention a

lot of people would have died from

vary simple infections. He also wrote

several pages of bacteriology,

chemotherapy, including the original

description of lysosome.

NOT JUST AN

ORDINARY

HOLE By: Mason White

Stephen Hawking is the

worlds must famous Scientist

of this century. He is famous

for giving Black Holes a

theory. Stephen should have

died earlier in his life, but he

didn’t. Since he hasn’t died

yet, he still lives with ALS,

or, Lou Gehrig’s disease, but

it really means, Amyotrophic

lateral sclerosis. Stephen

Hawking likes to study the

Cosmos more than anything

else in the world to study. He

is the world’s smartest man

alive, well CURENTLY alive

as of now.

He is an excellent scientist.

Now, let’s end this, and move

on to his child life, and

current life so we learn more

about him.

Born in Oxford, England,

January 8, 1942, during

Galileo’s 300th death

anniversary, and while

Germany bombs England,

Stephen Hawking was born.

Stephen Hawking wrote two

famous books, they are

“George and the

Unbreakable Code,” and

“Stephen Hawking: My Brief

History.” He also is a

Lucasian

Professor of

Mathematics at

Cambridge

University.

He still studies

Space today, and

he still dreams of

going to space,

even now! Now, let’s go back

to his childhood. Stephens’s

family is a family of thinkers,

he is oldest of four other

siblings he has. Stephen

Hawking’s mom is Scottish,

and she somehow earned her

way into Oxford University

and studied Philosophy, and

his dad, Frank Hawking,

studied Medicine. His dad

went

To the tropics to study

tropical medicine for a while,

well, because Frank was an

expert in Tropical diseases.

Stephen Hawking’s birth

came at a bad time for his

parents, because Germany

was bombing London, at

that’s where Stephen’s

parents lived, but in a rural

area where the bombings

were taking place. His

parents were also too poor to

go to a hospital, so they

moved to Oxford to have

Stephen. Then, a few years

after Stephen was born, they

had two other children, Mary

& Philippa Hawking. Then,

in 1956, they adopted a

second son, his name was Edward. The Hawking’s

called themselves, an

“Eccentric” bunch.

When they eat

dinner, they

usually never

talk when

they ate. They

sometime all read books at

some times. They lived in a

three-story home in St.

Albans, England that needed

to be fixed, but, never got

fixed. They housed Bee’s in

their basement, and made

Fireworks in their

greenhouse. Stephens’s father

went to Africa during the

months of winter to do

research. Frank wanted

Stephen to study medicine at

an early age, but Stephen

wanted to study the sky &

space more than anything.

Stephen was not an

exceptional student at St.

Albans School, & he had

only a few close friends. As

he entered his teen years,

Stephen and his friends made

a computer out of recycled

parts to build a machine that

can solve hard and easy

equations. Stephen

traveled a lot with his sister

Mary, who really loved to

climb. When Stephen turned

17, he went to Oxford

University, and he still

traveled, he also really liked

to dance.

As you can see, a Black

Hole can devour a Sun,

that’s how powerful

they are!

As you can see, a Black

Hole can devour a Sun!

Now, as we close, Stephen

won many awards, one is the

“Albert Einstein Medal.”

Stephen won as many as 14

awards. As Stephen Hawking

still slowly dies of ALS, He

still studies the cosmos,

including his famous

discovery of his Black

Theory. At first, Stephen

Hawking said that Black

Holes don’t exist, but later he

had a theory, and he called it,

“Information Preservation

and Weather Forecasting for

Black Holes.” He published

this on January 22, 2013. His

new theory was astonishing,

but didn’t really convince

much scientists. But, as time

goes by, more

scientists are

being

convinced.

Once a Black Hole has had enough,

“FOOD,” it shoots out Gamma

Bursts, which is a burst of Gamma

Radiation from whatever it has

eaten.

If Earth were orbiting a Black Hole, it would be

destroyed…INSTANTLY! Depending on the size of Earth

and/or the Black Hole.

Father of Microbiology By: ellie Goodling

He is a Microscopic, Dutch tradesman, and biologist. He hand crafted the first microscope. This man is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek “The Father of Microbiology”. You may not know much about him but now you will know almost everything about him. Antonie claimed he say tiny things swimming. Do you really think he did? Well he really did he say bacteria and protozoa.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was

the Fifth child in his family but the first son. He was born on October, 24, 1634 and died on August, 26, 1723 (both in the Delft, Dutch Republic). His father was a basket maker and his mom came from a brewer family and married a painter when Antonie’s dad died. When he was eight he was sent to grammar school. Antonie worked as a draper and founded his own shop in 1654.

Antonie discovered the

first single celled organism. Here is a quote from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek “ Whenever I found out anything remarkable I have

thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed there of”. He said this because he wanted

People to be able to see\find

out what he did. He wrote down every observation so that everyone could see it. He was self-taught and never got any formal degrees but got named “The Father of Microbiology”. He stacked two magnifying glasses on top of each other to observe the quality of the cotton for his draping business. This is how he got the idea of making the first microscope.

It was his passion to

discover microscopic objects. He would grind lenses together to get a better look at what he was looking at when he would use his magnifying glasses. Leeuwenhoek would use samples of his own to look at things. For example he would swab blood, the inside of his mouth and his nose and any other substance from his body. Here is another one of his quotes of what he would use for his samples “in all falling rain, carried from gutters into water-butts, animalcules are to be found; and that in all kinds of water, standing in the

Go to Joe’s Movie Theater and

spend $50 on your movie ticket

and 1 mini popcorn!

open air, animalcules can turn up. For these animalcules can be carried over by the wind, along with the bits of dust floating in the air”. This was his process for getting samples\ finding samples.

Antonie van

Leeuwenhoek learned many different ways to look at microscopic

organisms\things without a microscope. These tiny animalcules that he found and discovered made him famous and inhabited by and for the human body. Antonie is the whole reason that we can look at microscopic organisms and discover new things every day. “The Father of Microbiology” is the most amazing, famous, and inspiring biologist, Dutch tradesman, and microscopic there is.

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek would

write down every observation he

found.

Antoine’s first microscopes

(top) and his first microscope

design (bottom).

From Still to Motion By Jackson Taurus

Watching TV can be so entertaining.

Have you ever wondered how

television became what it is now?

Many inventors where well known

for shooting moving picture. One

person who was unknown till later in

the years was a French pioneer who

was truly the first one to make

moving pictures on paper film using a

single lens camera. He has been given

the title as the "Father of

Cinematography," since 1930. Later

in his years, He was never able to

perform a planned public

demonstration in the United States

because he mysteriously vanished

after he had boarded the train from

Dijon to Paris. No one knows how he

vanished; all

that has

been heard

are rumors.

His name is

Louis Aime

Augustin Le

Prince.

Child to Adulthood

Louis Le Prince was born in Metz,

France on Saint-Georges street on

August 28, 1841.His father was a

major in artillery in the French Army

and an officer of the Legion of

honour. It’s a French order

established by Napoleon Bonaparte

on May 19th, 1802. As a child he grew

up spending time in the studio of his

father's friend. There he was taught

by a pioneer photographer who had

developed the daguerreotype

process of photography. His name

was Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre.

He had taught Prince when he was

younger chemistry, engineering, and

photography. His education went on

to include the study of painting in

Paris and graduate chemistry at

Leipzig University which provided him

with the academic knowledge he

needed to continue his career.

In 1866 Prince moved from France

to England when he was invited by a

college friend. 3 years later, he had

married his friend’s sister who was a

very talented artist. Together they

Louis Aime Augustin

Le Prince

had made a school called the “Leeds

Technical School of Art. “ Later they

moved to the US for some years

while Prince managed a group of

Frenchmen. Talk about travelers. Also

in the US, he began to build his

sixteen lens camera while

experimenting with film stocks.

Disappearance

On September 16, 1890 Prince had

disappeared. He had promised to see

his friends and family in Paris but

sadly did not make it to Paris.

Theories were said that he mostly

killed himself. No one knew until

1890 when a drowning victim

seemed to resemble him. Soon his

work was forgotten, others took

credit both in the US and in France.

Bill Gates or Bill Greats? By: Hugh Jass

The technology and computer

wizard. The man who started in a small

room but little did he know his business

would bloom in productivity and gain

about sixteen billion dollars a year. The

amazing life of bill gates will start now!

From making square shaped computers in

about 1975 to making hand held touch

screen phones in 2014. Gates was born in

Seattle, Washington. To an upper-middle-

class family, the son of William H. Gates,

Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. By thirteen,

gates had decided that he would like to

work on technology. Bill gates was the

name he went by but surprisingly his full

name is actually William Henry Gates III.

Gates was a man of education besides the

fact that he had only attended college in

Harvard for two years. After gates had

finished college in sophomore year by

dropping out he had actually started

Microsoft in a Poker Room at Currier

House at Harvard University. Bill Gates

had launched Microsoft’s first version of

Microsoft Windows on November 20,

1985, and in August, the company struck a

deal with IBM to develop a separate

operating system called OS/2. After all

this trouble and success Allen and Gates

had come through it finally had paid off.

Little did gates and Allen know was of the

year January 2015 net worth was 81.1

billion dollars. To this day Gates is very

wealthy. But the 81.1 billion doesn’t

mean he owns that much out of his

pocket. In personal fortune he actually

has approximately a fortune of 76

billion dollars to his name! Most

people actually admire Gates just

because he is a self-made billionaire!

If Bill gates was a country he would be

the 63rd richest.

Bill gates had aimed to be a millionaire

by the age of thirty but became a

billionaire by the age of thirty one.

Gates SAT score was 1590 out of 1600.

That calculates to an IQ of 170

Bill gates pays about one million dollars

a year on his house.

In all bill gates is a great man of

mind and of heart as he is a self-

made millionaire and he actually

has donated about twenty eight

billion dollars to charity. He

started from rags to riches with

an upper middle class family

born to a lawyer and a mom

who was on a board of directors.

He started his life off like this

and now ended up being the

richest man alive. He was a man

of his word he would always

brag to teachers and everyone

else on how he would be a

millionaire by the age of 30 but

surprisingly enough he became

one by 30 and by 31 a

billionaire. He was a great man

whose dreams couldn’t be

crushed. He is a man that goes

by Bill gate.

Bill gates actually had some

competition surprising right well

that competition is well known

for all their products such as the

iPhone, iPad, iPod. They were

rivals from the time of Rivals

(1983 to 1996). They were

fighting to be the top of the

technology business and apple

kept failing to the superior

Microsoft. From (1997 to 2002)

they had actually agreed on a

truce.

Bill Gates had been through

many struggles and fought

through them. He kept fighting

until he become top of the

technology business most say

this is true but some people

believe that apple had better

products but in the end it

matters how much money they

made so they could know if

people were to pay more for

apple or Microsoft. Microsoft of

course won by like a mile as

they had gained 81.1 billion

dollars US. Apple has around

36.6 billion dollars it is still way

more than anyone has but really

I mean there was and is an

obvious winner in the race to

the top of the technology race.

Bill gates had done many things

and he is a great man we will

always remember gates and the

great things that he had done.

Bill gates came to this world

revolutionizing technology and

that’s how he will leave. Bill

Gates or Bill greats.

Bill gates and Steve jobs at an everything digital

conference.

Ever think we were related to

monkeys. Scientists at the time were

wondering if the creationism was real. If

that was true, why did some creatures

go extinct? Why did some creatures not

flourish and other species of our planet

did? This made people wonder if this

evolution was really true. The theory of

evolution has been around for a long

time. Some people were angry at the

time. They believed that people were

silly if they believed in this theory of

evolution. Or maybe they were just

angry at the fact that there was a new

evolution. To change the peoples mind

he wrote a book about this theory “The

Origin of our Species.

Darwin noticed that some species

had the same traits. He believed that

they had shown up by ancestors over

many years. Darwin called this process;

“Natural Selection “. This is where

adapted species thrived, while others

failed to reproduce, and they all died off.

Darwin has been described as one of

the most influential people in the world

of science.

Charles Darwin was born in

England on February 12, 1809. He was

the youngest of 6 children. I could

imagine how hard for the dad to take

care of those 6 children. Darwin’s

mother died when he was only at the

age of eight. From September 1818, he

joined his brother Erasmus in his

studies. His brother became tired with

curriculum, so he took a growing interest

in chemistry. Charles was his assistant.

At the end of medical study, he left

Charles behind to enroll in London

Anatomy School. His father got a job in

the medical field to help support his six

children. Charles wanted to follow in his

brothers footsteps, so when he went to

the school of Edinburgh in October of

1825, and he got his degree in fines

arts, after he got his degree Darwin

spent that summer of 1825 as an

apprentice doctor.

The Naturalist By Meredith smith

by

On his return to England in 1836,

Darwin tried to solve riddles of all his

observations that he had seen, and

encountered. He was trying to see how

all of the species evolved. The animals

or plants did best in their habitat in their

“natural Selection. They were able to

survive, and reproduce. Characteristics

really helped all of their offspring’s

survive. Darwin noticed that gradually

the species changed over time.

At the school that he attended,

he was very interested in studying

medicine, Biology and natural history.

After attending school, he was awarded

with three medals that he achieved.

Medals. The royal medal, the Copley

medal, and the Wellston medal. Charles

Darwin died in 1882, in London,

England. He was buried in west Minster

abbey. He wasn’t alive long enough to

get a Nobel Prize. He died 10 years

before the Nobel Prize had been

developed.

The theory of evolution has been

around for a long time. Studies of DNA

still show the study over the next

century. Even though there is still a big

conflict from the religious point of view, I

think that he was a hard worker and an

amazing scientist. People might still be

angry about the evolution, or about all of

his interests, but all I can say is that he

really transformed the way we think

about our world today. He stood up for

what he believed in, and his discoveries.

Like he said, “A man who dares to

spend one hour of a time has not

discovered the true value of life.”

Rachel Louise Carson (1907-1964)

By: Hannabella Smilan

It is the year 1962 and we see a plane fly

overhead. It is spraying something. Then we

remember what it is. Earlier, the government

told a couple who breeds songbirds that they

were going to give a harmless shower around

the area. So we all went home. The next

morning we find several of the songbirds dead.

Immediately the government knew that their

“harmless shower” was poisonous and deadly.

They needed to tell everyone, and fast. So they

get a best-selling author to help. She also

LOVES biology. Who else fits that description

but Rachel Louise Carson!!!

Rachel Louise Carson was

born on May 27, 1907 in

Springdale, Pennsylvania.

Rachel was a very quiet girl.

But she would willingly

listen hours and hours to

her mom when she talked

about biography. Rachel got

the love for biography and

nature from her mother.

She also got the love for

writing from her mom. And

at the age of 10, she got her

first article published.

In high school Rachel was

very smart. She impressed all of the teachers.

For collage, Rachel went to the Pennsylvania

Collage for Women in Pittsburg. She studied

English but then changed her major to Biology

after she “rediscovered” her love for science.

Then after earning her undergraduate degree

she went to Johns Hopkins University. There

she earned her master degree. Then she

completed her postgraduate studies at a

laboratory in Massachusetts. It was called the

Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory.

In 1936 Rachel was a biologist at the US

Bureau of Fisheries. Later she published an

essay Atlantic Monthly. That led her to write

her to write her 1st book called “Under the Sea

Wind”. Soon she was editor Fish and Wildlife

Service. She honored her writing skills during

this time. She focused on wildlife and wrote the

book “The Sea Around Us”. She was

instantly famous. She was at the top of

the best sellers list for 36 weeks. Her

book was also translated into 30

different languages so people from

other places can read her book. For

the book, Rachel received 3 awards.

They were the National Book Award,

the Gold Medal of the New York

Zoological Society, and the John

Burroughs Medal. Then Rachel Left

the government to be an author and a

researcher.

Robert Warden Carson and Maria

Frazier Carson where her mom and

dad. She had one sister. Her sister’s name was

Marian Frazier Frampton. In 1935 her dad

dies. In 1937 her sister dies of pneumonia. She

leaves her two daughters in the care of Rachel

Poisoned Reading

and her mother. Her daughters’ names are

Virginia and Marjorie. In 1957, her mom dies.

Rachel dies of breast cancer from a pesticide on

April 14, 1964 in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Rachel had done many great things in her life.

Her greatest accomplishment is the finish of

the book “Silent Spring”. In 1962 when a

pesticide, which could kill people, was released,

they needed a way to tell the public. So they

asked Rachel to help them tell everyone. So she

wrote Silent Spring as a warning to everyone

about the pesticide.

Rachel

Carson is a

very

important

scientist. She wrote many bestselling books in

her life. They were all about biology, as she

loved it so much. And she had warned everyone

of danger. She is a very great historic figure and

I am positive that the people whose lives she

had saved think so too. They must be very

grateful to her. She wouldn’t have been

forgotten there, but she certainly isn’t forgotten

here.

Books by: Rachel Carson

Fair Skin in just 1 week!

Beauty

Queen

!

Just a vehicle By Jose Gonzales

You might think that your car is just a car but it helps you go places also is a

master piece of engineering and mathematics it took many years of mechanical

engineer’s to help create to what you use constantly, but now a days they have

made more advanced car in 2015, 2015 is a great year’s of enhancement but yet

they are still making more faster, smarter cars then the past few years.

Now Henry Ford was a young boy on a farm but now famous and rich and he is a

good engineer and he built the first gas engineered car, many kinds of vehicle as

he grew up to build and fascinate the world and such it all started when he was

quite young his parents died, but he was adopted by his neighbors, as he grew

up with his adopted parents he had

sibling their names were Margaret,

William, Jr Jane, Robert Ford. Henry

fixed watches but his father wanted

him to take care of the farm he

owned, but instead took off on

engineering as Henry ford started to

make auto machines in 1896 he built

his first auto machine he called it

the “Quad cycle” his first successful

auto.

Henry Ford was also in the business

institute in 1899 Detroit automotive

company is founded, as henry was engineering in 1903, Ford company is

formed; the first ford auto is sold, the associate of licensed automobile

manufacturers sues ford motorcompany for infringement of the seldenl patent.

As Henry Ford was engineering more vehicle or automobiles in 1908 the

introduction of the model T.

As Henry ford was a hard working person he achieved so much since 1908 he

has been helping create more and more different kinds of cars, his field of study

was really complex he grew up in greenfield, township Michigan born on july,30

1863 he was in the business institute, engineering, and he self-taught himself

with some books that he had at his home, he earned rewards such as “The

Franklin institute Elliott crissum medal” in 1928 also the cross of the German

eagle. He married his wife Clara Ala Bryant sadly she died of cancer in May,

1943 he had kids Edsel Ford.

As henry ford grew older and older, he had a great company but sadly he died of

cerebral hemorrhage this disease killed him on April, 7 1947. Ford used to me a

small company but today he has car dealers around the world he has modified

he has created to cars and trucks he has changed the world with his cars.

Henry ford was a great engineer he thought of changing the worlds in his own

mind, Henry Ford achieved his goal he was a famous and such and such. One of

Henry Ford quotes was when he talks about teamwork.

In my own opinion is the Henry Fords childhood is a little sad because his

parents died, and adopted by neighbors but, he grew up to be a nice engineer

but he had some problems also some of his business company didn’t work in the

1903 before his company in Detroit failed because of not able to ship working

cars the other failed company was for failing with dealership until he grew into

Ford motor company his company has grown threw out the years.

Splat!! By: Mark Robertson

This person he good at painting,

engineer, and inventor. His last

drawing was The Last Super, he was

drawing that before he die in

Amboise, France. He also drew a

picture of Mona Lisa and all of his

sketch are in his notebook. Most of

the people think that he only an

artist, but he also a scientist. He

inventing an armored tank,

ornithopter, and arial screw.

Childhood history: Leonardo da Vinci

spent a great deal of his childhood

outside of his house. He was raise by

his father and his step mother. He

sketching in his notebook when he

outside observing nature. He spent

his days with his uncle Francesco,

tending to animals and exploring

farmland, observing the nature and

landscapes that he would later

sketching and study because he was

not expected to become a notary, he

was free to pursue drawing.

Leonardo father was busy in the

nearby city of Florence and his

mother have married to a men name

Acattabriga. Leonardo was live with

his Uncle Francesco work at farmer.

When he was fifteen, his father

apprenticed him to Andrea de

Verrocchio, the leading artist of

Florence and early renaissance.

Family facts: Leonardo da Vinci was

born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy

and death on May 2, 1519, Amboise,

France. His father name is Ser Piero

da Vinci and his mother name is

Caterina. Leonardo’s status as an

illegitimate child because his father

and mother weren’t married, but

with the other their have the total of

17 other children. His father is very

busy with the city of Florence and his

mother was married to the other so

they can’t raise him. He was leave

with his uncle Francesco, who had an

appreciation for nature that

Leonardo grew to share with, and

also help raising him.

Education: Leonardo da Vinci science

is impressive as his art. His famous

drawing is “The Last Super” and the

“Mona Lisa.” He is known as an artist,

engineer, and inventor. He sketching

and inventing a lot of stuff in his note

book like armored tank, ornithopter,

and arial screw. He even studies

human body like brain, muscle, bone,

and more, then he sketching it in his

note book. He sketching every work

before he invent it. He put a lot of his

time in the painting, engineering, and

inventing, it take him a lot of time to

paint, sketching, and inventing.

Leonardo notebook hold a lot of his

sketching, painting, and study in

there. He drawing a Mona Lisa at his

studio, it take him more than one

week to draw her picture and he

drawing the “the Last Super,” before

he die in Amboise, France at May 2,

1519.

Boom! By: Kevin Smithson

As the flashing red button was

slammed by a hand, a giant fireball rose

into the air above the empty New Mexican

desert. The shockwave hit a moment later,

knocking a row of awed scientists to the

floor. The only words that were heard were

“It work!” The first nuclear bomb was born

into the world. Later on the subject the man

that invented the bomb said “I am become

death, the destroyer of world.”

4 years earlier in Washington DC,

President Franklin Roosevelt approved a

project to create the world’s first atomic

bomb. In May of 1942, Oppenhiemer’s

lecturer at Harvard University on theoretical

physics invited him to work for the

government on the project that was

approved a year earlier. In June 1942 the US

Army established the Manhattan Engineer

District to house the full development of

the project as the US entered World War 2.

Commander Groves was appointed head of

the project, and he appointed J Robert

Oppenhiemer as the head of the team

building the bomb. They needed a location

that was hidden enough to not be noticed,

and not surrounded by civilization. But it

also needed to have a steady supply of

water and a place that would be flat for

testing the bomb. They soon found a

location in New Mexico. It was a boy’s

dormitory that was located in the middle of

a desert, but it also had access to a well.

The US Army swore the owner to secrecy

and essentially booted them out. Because

the camp was supposed to be a military

laboratory, the scientists needed to be

trained through basic army training. Most

of the scientists, including Oppenhiemer

himself failed the test. They eventually

made a compromise, which was that the lab

would be operated by the University of

California under a contract with the War

Department. They quickly decided

plutonium would be the best element for

the bomb, and they received their first

samples of Plutonium-239 from the X-10

Graphite Reactor in April of 1944. They

quickly realized that the type of reactor-

bred plutonium that they were using was

not usable for a gun-type weapon.

Oppenhiemer quickly changed all work to

an implosion style-weapon instead. The

weapon was worked on for about a year,

and finally on July 16, 1945 the bomb was

tested on the site codenamed “Trinity.”

Julius Robert Oppenhiemer was

born in New York City, USA on April 22,

1904. His father was a wealthy Jewish

textile importer that had moved over from

Germany in 1888. He graduated from

grades 4 and 4 in the same year, and he

skipped half of 8th grade. He was admitted

to Harvard University a year late at age 18

because he became sick with the disease

colitis the year before. He moved through

to the University of California and taught

there, and wandered around working on

theoretical physics and theoretical

astronomy. He worked with many widely

known scientists including Albert Einstein

himself. He was in a lecture at Harvard

University during the May of 1942 when his

lecturer invited him to begin working on

“fast neutron calculations,” which is in

simple words, the physics around the chain

reaction of atoms and neutrons that is what

the theory of an atomic bomb worked

around.

After he had built the bomb and the

first bomb was dropped over Hiroshima in

August 1945, Oppenhiemer began to regret

his decision to build the world’s first atomic

weapon. The FBI began to track his activity

and relationships with Communist Parties

within the US. He was suspected of leaking

evidence to the Communists, but he was

never convicted. However, in the process

his reputation was destroyed completely

during the conviction. He spent a series of

years on a Virgin Island and soon bought a 2

acre plot of land on which he built a home.

He spent much of his final years attempting

to lecture to people about how people

should harness the power and not use it to

blow up the other countries of the world,

and this was part of why he was tried to be

convicted, for he was suspected of trying to

defend the soviets. Soon after he was

diagnosed with Throat Cancer, and he fell

into a coma after unsuccessful radiation

and chemo therapy. He died soon after that

on February 18, 1967 at age 62.

Oppenhiemer has contributed much to this

world, but he also created a monster that

may one day destroy the world. As his

quote says, “I am become death, destroyer

of worlds.” He also said this quote of the

atomic bomb and how it might one day hurt

the world greatly: “The optimist thinks this

is the best of all possible worlds. The

pessimist fears it is true.”

The first atomic bomb was tested at

Trinity Site on July 16, 1945

Curi…ous By: Kim Joyce

Marie Curie was a phenomenal

scientist. She had a lot of issues in her life.

As a child both her mom and her oldest

sister died. Marie persevered through all of

the issues in her life.

She did not let any of

the issues in her life get

in the way of her

success. In result of her

perseverance, she

discovered the chemical

elements polonium and

radium along with her

husband Pierre Curie.

Mary Curie was

born on November 7,

1867 in Warsaw,

Poland. She was born as

Maria Salomea

Sklodowska. Marie was

raised as a patriot. As a

child she was not very wealthy. Living in

Poland in 1867 she was not allowed a lot of

freedom. The Polish government did not

want the Polish people to know anything

about their history, ancestors, or Polish

roots.

When Marie was younger both of her

parents were teachers. Being a family of

patriots, Marie’s parents tried to show

originality. Once Marie was born, her

mother was forced to resign from her job

because she had to take care of five kids.

Marie’s father was very strong in knowledge

and teaching. When he was forced to be in

lower academic posts, the family’s wealth

went down by a large amount.

When Marie was

young, both her sister and her

mother died. Her sister caught

the flu. Her mother died from

a long battle of tuberculosis.

She was left her two sisters

and brother. Before Marie’s

mother had Marie she was the

head teacher of a school and

she taught math and physics.

After Marie’s mother’s

death, her father lost a large

amount of money by making a

bad investment. Despite the

fact that Marie’s father would

never forgive himself, all four

children appreciated him and everything he

did to barely make ends meet. Marie’s father

read Marie and her sibling’s literature and

he also taught mathematics and physics.

As Marie grew older, she noticed her

love for science. She graduated at the age of

fifteen at the top of her class. She also won a

gold medal during high school. As a child

Marie wanted an advanced degree. In

Europe most colleges did not allow women

because that was during the time period that

women were not able to do as much as they

can do during this time period.

Marie went to the Flying University

and the University of France. Marie Curie

got the education to be a physics teacher.

She went to college for a long time studying

scientific topics and

mathematics.

Marie did not have a

lab to practice in. Pierre

Curie offered her a labto

practice in. They both took

interest in science and

radioactivity. They began to

like eachother. Their

romance began. The two of

them were dedicated to

there relationship and

science.

Marie Curie and

Pierre Curie fell in love and

got married. They got

married on July 26, 1895.

Marie and Pierre were parteners in crime. They

did everything together.

On December 21, 1898 Marie and

Pierre Curie discovered radium. Radium is a

rare, radio active, metal. It’s atomic number is

eighty-eight. Radium is part of the alkaline Earth

series. It was a source for radiotherapy a long

time ago.

During the same year Marie and Pierre

Curie also discovered polonium.Plonium is also

a highly radioactive, rare chemical element. This

chinmical element only seen in nature as a

radioactive decay or uranium.

Marie Curie became the first

woman presented a Nobel

Peace Prize. She was

awarded the Nobel Peace

Prize was awarded in 1903

along with her husband

Pierre Curie and Henri

Becquerel. She also won

another Nobel Peace Prize

in the same year.

Maire’s husband

died in April 19, 1906. He

was trampled by a horse. As

usua,l Marie Curie did not

let her husbands death get

in her way. She continued in

her scientific studies.

Marie Curie died from Anemia

on July 4, 1934. Anemia is a decrease in

the amount of red blood cells. Mariie

Curie is one of the best female scientist.

We will always remember Marie Curie.

The Early Naturalist

By: Billy Ray

Ever heard of a man that

studied more than four things! His

name is John Ray. He was sixteen

when he was enrolled at Cambridge

University where he studied at the

Trinity College and Catherine Hall.

On the day of January 17 1705 he

died. He was buried in the town he

was born. His place he died in the

village of Black Notley. His field of

study is botany and zoology.

John Ray was a highly influential

English naturalist and botanist who

contributes to taxonomy is

considered groundbreaking and

historic. He declined to take the oath

to the Act of Uniformity after the

Restoration. John Ray also wrote

books. He wrote 74 books. John Ray

was related to Sarah Miller, William

Rhea, Catherine Hamilton, George

miller, Susannah Bird, Archibald

Rhea, Anne, gayen Miller, Margaret

Henderson, Thomas Bird, Sarah

Epsom, Matthew Campbell Rhea.

He was also a writer. He wrote 74

books. So John ray loved writing. He

was also a English naturalists widely

regarded as one of the earliest of the

English person. John ray was an

English naturalist and he was

considered a groundbreaking and

historic in a scientist. John ray was

born in the same year as Robert

Boyle and was born and Francis

bacon died. His first publishes book

was in 1690 on the British plants.

John ray was the youngest son of

the blacksmith. For 6-7 years Joh

ray studied the literature explored

the country side around

Cambridge and grew plants in the

garden bye his door room when he

was in the university on collage.

For the next 10 years of his

lifetime John ray started

focusing on other stuff like

writing books and exploring

new things. In 1673 john ray got

married to Margaret Oakley of

lunation. When John ray found

himself unable to subscribe as

required he went along with 13

other fellows resigned his

fellowship on 24 august 1662

rather than other options.

He lived, in spite of his infirmities to

the age of seventy seven dying at

black notley. John ray was selected

a fellow of trinity college also in

1649. However he lost the position

sadly 13 years later and with full

support of his former student and

fellow naturalist.

Prosperous are the friends

supported him during the

subsequent of 43 years while he also

pursued in his carries as a botanists

and naturalist. Nut that carrier had

already begun with the publication

of his first work in 1669

The Center of the Universe By: Andrea Fox

Everyone thought Earth was the center

of the universe and that all the planets, including

the sun revolved around it. But there was an

astronomer who soon enough proved them all

wrong. Nicolaus Copernicus was also a

mathematician who wrote a book that set out his

views on the universe. Cosmologists in the day

chose not to accept the data based on how the

sun was at the center of the solar system even

though there was proof about it. The Earth based

solar system was the story until the 16th century.

It wasn’t until after his death that he began to be

honored for what he had discovered.

Nicolaus Copernicus was born on

February 19, 1473 in Torun, Poland. He was the

fourth child born to Nicolaus Copernicus Sr. and

Barbara Watzenrode. Both of his mother and

father were born into a merchant family.

Nicolaus Copernicus’s first language was

German, but there are many people who

believed he also spoke a little bit of Polish.

When Nicolaus Copernicus was 10

years old, his father passed away. So his uncle

tried to take care of him like a father would. He

wanted to give him the best possible education

he could have given him.

In 1491, Nicolaus Copernicus got into

the University of Cracow. In this University he

studied painting and mathematics, but he did not

study astronomy at that time. He developed an

interest in astronomy later, and he started

collecting books on it.

After he graduated from the University

in 1497, he went back to Torun and he became a

canon. The canon's position let him pay his

studies for as long as he wanted. But, the job

needed a lot of his schedule; he was only able to

pursue his academic interests occasionally,

during his free time.

In 1496, Copernicus left and traveled to

Italy. There he enrolled in a religious law

program as the University of Bologna. There, he

met an astronomer named Domenico Maria

Novara. The two began exchanging

astronomical ideas and observations. The

historian Edward Rosen described the

relationship as, "In establishing close contact

with Novara, Copernicus met, and perhaps for

the first time in his life, a mind that dared to

challenge the authority of the ancient writer in

his chosen fields of study." The friends were so

excited in their exchange that they decided to

become roommates. In 1510, Copernicus moved

to a residence in the Frombork Cathedral

Chapter in hopes of clearing more time to study

astronomy. He would live there as a canon for a

really long time.

The Center of the Universe By: Andrea Fox

Earth Based Solar Systems

By 1508, Copernicus had begun

developing his own model, a planetary system.

Someone had previously invented a planetary

model, which had an idea that the planets moved

in a circular movement at different speeds

around a fixed point, the earth. In trying to

change how people thought about the solar

system, Copernicus's heliocentric solar system

said that the sun, instead of the earth was at the

center. Afterward, Copernicus believed that the

size of each planet's orbit depended on its

distance from the sun. But, Copernicus was not

the first astronomer to think of that theory. But,

Ptolemy's theories were way more accepted by

the Roman Catholic Church, which supported

the earth-based solar system theory.

In 1514, Copernicus gave a handwritten

book to his friends that showed his view on the

universe. In it he talked about how the Sun was

at the center of the Solar system and not the

Earth. He even talked about how seasons were

caused by Earth’s revolutions around the sun.

Nicolaus Copernicus died on May 24,

1543 in Frombork, Poland. But it wasn’t until he

died that his book was published. In it was his

model of the solar system and the path of the

planets.

Copernicus helped us know that the sun

was at the center and not the Earth, which the

church accepted for a really long time. But he

wrote that the planets went in perfect circles,

which helped other astronomers who used his

work, make many more discoveries.

Bibliography:

-Nicolaus Copernicus. (2015). The Biography.com

website. Retrieved 08:14, Jan 15, 2015, from

http://www.biography.com/people/nicolaus-

copernicus-9256984.

-Redd, Nola Taylor. "Nicolaus Copernicus Biography:

Facts and Discoveries | Space.com." Space.com.

N.p., 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2015.

http://www.space.com/15684-nicolaus-

copernicus.html

Go to Joe’s Movie Theater and

spend $50 on your movie

ticket and 1 mini

popcorn!

BANG!

By: Victor Ricardo Rodriguez

He was well known maybe for his

discovery of dynamite, or how the Nobel

Prize was named after him as well as the

element Nobelium. One of those amazing

things that he had succeeded in happens to

have been very important and a major time

in history which was finding a way to

control the violent explosions caused by

nitroglycerin. In other words he created

dynamite. Who is he you may ask. Well this

heroic man goes by the name Alfred

Bernhard Noble.

Alfred Nobel was originally born in

Stockholm, Sweden on October 21, 1832.

He was originally the fourth child out of

eight but only him and three other siblings

survived past childhood. When Alfred was

born he was very weak and had struggled to

live. His mother, Andriette Nobel took very

good care of him to help him to grow strong

enough to survive. Alfred was born into a

poor family. In 1832 Alfred’s family’s house

burned down causing them to lose furniture

and many of their belongings. Alfred ended

up being raised in an old drafty apartment.

Alfred Had always been interested in

technology and explosives. His father,

Immanuel Nobel, Also had a love for

technology and explosives, Both Alfred and

Immanuel may have inherited their

interests from the former inventor and

Scientist Olaus Rudbeck which was Alfred’s

Great Grandfather. In 1837 Alfred’s father

had various business failures which caused

Him to move to St Petersburg, Where he

grew successful as a manufacturer of

machine tools and explosives. In 1842

Alfred and the rest of his family moved out

to St Petersburg to join his father.

Before they moved to St Petersburg

Alfred didn’t go to school instead he had

private tutors. He excelled in chemistry and

languages. For 18 months, from 1841 to

1842, Alfred only had went to the only

school that he ever attended, that school

was the Jacobs Apologistic School in

Stockholm, Sweden. As Nobel got older he

ended up studying with Chemist, Nikolai

Zinin. To further the work he had done he

went to Paris in 1850, then at 18 he went to

the United States to study chemistry, he did

this for four years.

The family’s factory produced

armaments for the Crimean war but it was

complicated for them to switch back to

normal products after the war which caused

them to file for bankruptcy. Alfred’s father

left the business in the care of his second

son, Ludvig Nobel. Alfred and his parents

then moved back to Sweden, where Alfred

devoted himself to the study of explosives.

Mainly to the safe manufacture and use of

Nitroglycerine. On September 3, 1864 there

was an explosion caused by liquid

Nitroglycerine which killed five people

including Alfred’s younger Brother, Emil. In

1867 Nobel invented dynamite, it was

easier and safer to handle then

nitroglycerin.

Soon later, Alfred’s brother, Ludvig

died and his mother’s death soon followed.

At the ending of this long relationship

Alfred moved from Paris to San Remo, Italy.

In San Remo he suffered from Angina and

soon died in his home from a cerebral

hemorrhage. He is now buried in Norra

begravningsplatsen in Stockholm, Sweden.

So all in all this man may no longer

be with us but we will always remember

him for the discoveries he made. He was a

very important person in history and will be

known for the many things he

accomplished.

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