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Chapter Eight Adjusting Entries and Work Sheet for a Merchandising Sole Proprietorship
Chapter Eight Adjusting Entries and Work Sheet for a Merchandising Sole Proprietorship
I.Learning objectives
After completing this session, students should be able to1. Prepare adjusting entries to convert office supplies into expenses;
2. Prepare adjusting entries to update the merchandise inventory account at the end of accounting period;
3. Prepare adjusting entries to convert unearned revenue into revenue;
4. Differentiate periodic inventory system from perpetual inventory system;
5. Complete the work sheet for a merchandising sole proprietorship.
II.Lecture Notes
1. Adjustment for office supplies
(1) Why make adjustments at the end of accounting period/month?
It is not practical to make journal entries every few minutes/every day as the supplies are used.
Example: the consumption of chalk, ink or memo pad
Only make an estimate or take a physical inventory of the supplies remaining on hand at the end of the period;
The missing supplies are assumed to have been used.
(2) An illustration
Bought memo pads in cash, 500 Yuan
Office supplies (memo pads) 500
Cash 500
Taking a physical inventory/or make an estimate at the end of the period
200 Yuan of supplies is left.
Office supplies (memo pads) expense 300
Office supplies (memo pads) 300
2. Adjustments for merchandise inventory
(1) Inventory systems
A.Perpetual inventory system
Purchases of merchandise are recorded by debiting the Merchandise Inventory account.
Example: Beginning inventory (books @20 Yuan each) 2 000 Yuan
Bought 100 books at 20 Yuan each
Merchandise Inventory
+ -
Beginning bal. 2000
2000
As the goods are sold, two entries are needed: one to recognize the revenue earned, and the second to transfer the cost of the goods out of inventory (into cost of goods sold)
Example: Sold 20 books for cash at 25 Yuan each
Cash Sales
+ - - +
500 500
Merchandise inventory Cost of goods sold
+ - + -
Beginning bal. 2000 400 400
2000
The basic characteristic of the perpetual inventory system is that the inventory account is continuously updated for all purchases and sales of merchandise.
Taking a physical inventory
Beginning inventory + purchases cost of goods sold = Ending inventory
Who uses perpetual inventory system?
--- Most businesses use perpetual inventory system in accounting for products with a high per-unit cost but low sales volume, such as automobiles, heavy machinery, jewelry, home appliances, electronic equipment, etc.
--- Almost all manufacturing companies use perpetual inventory system.
--- In the days when all accounting records were maintained by hand, businesses that sold many types of low-cost products could not use this system. (Example: Wal-Mart could not use this system when it kept its accounts by hand)
--- With todays point-of-sale terminals and bar-coded merchandise, even high-volume retailers like Wal-Mart and Trust-Mart can use this system.
--- Advances in technology (computer-aided accounting) extend the use of perpetual inventory system to more businesses and more types of products.
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