airspace volumes and sectorisation good design practice
DESCRIPTION
Airspace Volumes and Sectorisation Good Design Practice. Objective. This module provides an understanding of airspace volumes and sectorisation in support of Air Traffic Management. Airspace. Airspace and sector design is used to balance workload - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Airspace Volumes
and Sectorisation
Good Design Practice
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Objective
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This module provides an understanding of airspace volumes and sectorisation in support
of Air Traffic Management
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Airspace
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✈ Airspace and sector design is used to balance workload
✈ Airspace is delineated to define responsibility
✈ Airspace volumes are used to exclude/contain operations (military, prohibited, national borders, etc.)
✈ Airspace volumes may also be defined due to equipment limitations
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Three GOLDEN RULES
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Airspace Volumes protect IFR Flight paths
Design volumes AFTER the routes have been designed
Do not design routes to fit into pre-existing airspace volumes
Only delineate as much airspace volume as needed
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Terminal Control Area (TMA)
A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. [Doc. 4444]
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CTR
TMA
En-route
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En-Route
CTR
TMA
A generic term describing airspace surrounding an airport, within which air traffic services are provided. Such airspace predominantly contains traffic operating along SIDs and STARs or, to a lesser extent, ATS Routes of the Air Route Network.
Terminal Airspace
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Airspace Volumes
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W E
Contro lled A irspace
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
DEP 3% DEP 7% DEP 10% ARR MAX ARR 3°
ARRIVALS
DEPARTURES
RWY
W E
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Airspace Volumesfrom simple to complex
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Terminal Airspace System
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Combines two or more terminal airspace volumes servicing several airports in close proximity
Allows improvement of the design and management of terminal routes and ATC sectorisation
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Terminal Airspace Systems
A A
A
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D
X
A A
A
A A
A
ENTRY GATE
ENTRY GATE
A A
X
YCITY CITY
CITY CITY
ENTRY GATE
5
D
D
D
D
A A
A
A
ADD
Sa
Sb
Sd
Sc
S2 S1
S3
S4S7
S5 S6
Se
Sf
FAD
FAD
D
X
Y
A
X
Y
2 3
4
A
DD
A A
A
X
CITY
D
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VFR Airport
1 Terminal Airspace(As per Chapter 6)
2 Terminal AirspacesN SectorisedNew northern HoldsMore IFR Traffic
2 Terminal AirspacesParallel RWY added at NNew southern HoldMore Traffic to Y
2 larger Terminal AirspacesTwo-Phase holding systemMore Traffic
1 Terminal Airspace systemwith Entry Gates; RevisedSectorisation
D
D
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Evolution of functions
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Airspace Volumes
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Protect IFR Flight Paths
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Airspace Volumes
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Protect IFR Flight Paths
St1
St1
St1
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
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Airspace Volumes
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Do not take more airspace than needed….
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Airspace Sectorisation
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Geographical Sectorisation
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Advantages Disadvantages
• ATC fully exploit space available and expedite climb and descent without need for co-ordination
• Easier to balance workload between sectors
• Simpler requirements for radar display and ATC systems
• Easy to describe operational instructions for different areas of responsibility
• Mixed traffic – departures, arrivals and transits
• If sector boundary along runway centreline, departing aircraft go to different controllers depending on direction of travel
• Transit aircraft may require co-ordination if passing through multiple sectors
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Functional Sectorisation
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Advantages Disadvantages
• One traffic type per controller – all arrivals or all departures
• All departing aircraft usually on same frequency after take-off
• Can be more flexible in some circumstances
• Vertical limits can be restrictive as unlikely to cater for all aircraft types
• Workload balance difficult especially where arrival and departure peaks do NOT coincide
• Can place demanding requirements on Radar and ATC systems
• Can be difficult to describe operational instructions for different areas of responsibility
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Avoid Sector designs that cause stepped climbs or descents
ATC Sectorisation
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ATC Sectorisation
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Sector boundaries should not coincide with route center lines
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ATC Sectorisation
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Maintain holding areain same sector
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ATC Sectorisation
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If able, keep sectorsthe same when runway changes
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ATC Sectorisation
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Avoid crossing too close to sector boundary
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ATC Sectorisation
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Vertical limits of geographic sectors need not be uniform Watch out for conflicts at boundaries
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC Sectorisation
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What is a good Airspace Design?
Whatever works best for your circumstances.
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Iterations
Design Routes & HoldsIterations with PANS-OPS
Design Structures & Sectors
1111 222222223333 3333 Iterations
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> Extra slides…
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Questions?
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