airport congestion - easa.europa.eu · •architecture •performance ... (flight by wire / flight...

7
1 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June The Europe-US International Aviation Safety Conference 2005 Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’ ERICA: The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR Marco CICALE’ AGUSTA Coordinator of the ERICA Projects 2 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June SUMMARY THE ERICA TILTROTOR •Its innovative solutions •Architecture •Performance CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS •Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM •The Public Acceptance •New Regulations •Airport Operations 3 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June WHY TILTROTOR? AIRPORT CONGESTION AIRPORT CONGESTION Airport Expansion Airport Efficiency Improvement Space Environment Social Impact 4 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June INNOVATIVE DESIGN TILT WING TILTROTOR 5 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June ERICA LAYOUT 6 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June INNOVATIVE DESIGN Structural Continuity of Tilting Mechanism Small Rotor Diameter Tiltable Wing

Upload: hoangtruc

Post on 29-Jul-2018

225 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

1

2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

The Europe-USInternational

Aviation Safety Conference

2005

‘Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’

ERICA:The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR

Marco CICALE’AGUSTA Coordinator of the ERICA Projects

22005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

SUMMARY

THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance

CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid

The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations

32005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

WHY TILTROTOR?

AIRPORT CONGESTIONAIRPORT CONGESTION

Airport Expansion

Airport Efficiency

Improvement•Space•Environment•Social Impact

42005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

TILT WING TILTROTOR

52005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

ERICA LAYOUT

62005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

Structural Continuity of Tilting Mechanism

Small Rotor Diameter

Tiltable Wing

2

72005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Small rotor diameter:8improved safety: landing in a/c mode

8enhanced flight envelope (whirl flutter delayed )

8reduction of systems weight (rotors and wing)

8increased efficiency and speed in A/C mode

8higher productivity

8higher versatility (aircraft mode take-off capability)

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

82005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Tiltable Wing

8 improved performance in helicopter mode (low down-load)

8 reduction of rotor diameter permissible8 conversion corridor enlargement (improve HQ)

8 improved H/C mode autorotation capability (improve HQ)

8 slight weight penalties

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

92005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Rotor tilting mechanism structurally continuous

8Simplification of System

8Nacelle’s Rotation SynchronisingMechanism no longer necessary

8Safety & Reliability Improved

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

102005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

ConversionMode

Nacelle Angle

90o

0o

Helicopter Mode

Aeroplane Mode

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

112005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Point to Point Connection5% Hover - 95% Cruise

Productivity +30% of present T/RHigh Speed (350Kts)

High Range (650NM)19 - 22 Pax

Cruise at high altitude (7500 m)

VTOW 10000 kg-STOW 11000 kgAdaptability to different roles

•Search & Rescue•Paramilitary•Medevac•VIP•Corporate

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

122005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

PERFORMANCE

COMPARISON

FLIGHT ENVELOPE

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

SPEED (Kts)

ALT

ITU

DE

(m)

ERICA

CONVENTIONAL T/R

HELICOPTER

• Power limits

• Wing stall limits

3

132005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

SUMMARY

THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance

CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid

The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations

142005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

TRISYDTRISYDDRIVE SYSTEM & DRIVE SYSTEM &

TILTING MECHANISMSTILTING MECHANISMS

TILT ROTOREuropean Critical

Technology Projects

DARTDARTADVANCED ROTOR ADVANCED ROTOR

FOR TILT ROTORFOR TILT ROTORACT_TILTACT_TILT

CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TILT ROTORFOR TILT ROTOR

ADYNADYNTILT ROTOR DYNAMICS TILT ROTOR DYNAMICS

AND NOISEAND NOISE

EUROPEAN CTP

TILTAEROTILTAEROINTERACTIONALINTERACTIONALAERODYNAMICSAERODYNAMICS

152005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

• All the projects are running (2000-2006)

• NICE-TRIP FP6 (2006-2010)

Main Partners:AGUSTAWESTLAND

EUROCOPTER(Aerospace Industries/

Research Centres/Univerities…)

COSTS38.5 Meuro

(co-funded by EU)

EUROPEAN CTP

162005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

TILT -Rotor Interactional AEROdynamics

PURPOSE

4Validation and improvement of existing CFD tools

4Design, manufacturing and testing of a large scale powered half-span mock-up (Mach scaled)

4Feasibility studies for the design of a powered full-span mock-up

TILTAERO

172005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Tiltrotor Acoustics, DYnamics and Noise

�Wind Tunnel Tests with the same TILTAERO model to study:

o Performanceo dynamicso noise

ADYN

PURPOSE

182005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

ADYN

Carlo L. Bottasso, Lorenzo Trainelli, "Aeroelastic Analysis of Tilt-Rotors Using Finite Element Multibody Procedures", Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, 2002.

TheThewhirl flutterwhirl flutterinstabilityinstability

ADYN

4

192005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Active Control Technology for TILT -rotor

� Define the architecture of the ERICA Flight Control System (Flight by Wire / Flight by Light )

� Define new Control Laws for the ERICA flight envelope considering also the additional degree of freedom of the tiltable wing

� Validate, through pilot in the loop simulation, the new Control Laws

PURPOSE

ACT-TILT

202005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

+ Tiltable Wing degree of freedom

ACT-TILT

212005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

EC

UoL

NLR

DLR

WHL

HANDLING QUALITIES ASSESSMENT

ACT-TILT

222005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Development of an Advanced Rotor for Tiltrotor

� Design, manufacturing and test a new FULL SCALE hub,following the dynamic requirements of the ERICA tiltrotor

� Define and optimise the thecnology process

PURPOSE

DART

232005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Tilt-Rotor Integrated drive SYstemDevelopment

� Design, manufacturing and test a new drive system for the ERICA tiltrotor

� Define the technology for the conversion systems

� Define monitoring systems (HUMS) to reach the safety requirements of the ERICA project

PURPOSE

TRISYD

1

23

4

56

7

8

1

231

23

4

5

4

56

7

8

6

7

8

242005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Nacelle integration

TRISYD

Lubrication Test

5

252005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Preparation for the 6 th FRAMEWORKPreparation for the 6 th FRAMEWORK

� INTEGRATION OF THE TECHNOLOGIES IN A WHIRL TOWER TEST + POWERED SCALED WIND TUNNEL MODEL

� AGUSTA-WESTLAND AND EUROCOPTER WILL BE THE LEADER OF THE INTEGRATED PROJECT

� MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES, RESEARCH CENTRE AND UNIVERSITIES WILL BE ALSO INVOLVED (EUROPEAN AND NOT)

6th FRAMEWORK PGM

262005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

SUMMARY

THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance

CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid

The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations

272005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

TILTROTOR IN ATM� THE TILTROTOR (T/R) AS THE SOLUTION FOR THE

CONGESTION PROBLEM

� T/R CAN OPERATE IN ALL WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM AIRPORTS OR VERTIPORTS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED TO PROVIDE CONVENINET ACCESS TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS(TRAIN STATIONS, HIGHWAYS…)

� VERTIPORTS: NEW ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS CENTERS

� T/R CAN PROVIDE AIR SERVICE INTO HUB AIRPORTS TO FE ED THE LARGER, LONG DISTANCE AIRCRAFT (A ROLE THAT COMMUTER TURBOPROPS PLAY TODAY)

� T/R COULD DISPLACE A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THE SMALL AIRPLANE FLIGHTS AND FREE UP THE SLOTS FOR LARGER AIRCRAFT

� PART OF THE MONEY USED FOR NEW AIRPORTS COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP THE T/R SYSTEM: IT WOULD COST LESS

� MORE OPTIONS FOR PASSENGERS DEPARTURES

282005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

TILTROTOR IN ATM

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

AIRPORT OPERATIONS

NEW REGULATIONSCONNECTED

WITH THE NEW TECHNOLOGY

292005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

ACOUSTIC VIRTUAL NOISE (Non Acoustic)

302005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

ACOUSTIC CAUSES

� Rotors noise

� Fountain effect (T/R)

� Main rotor wake/tail rotor interaction (H/C)

� Blade vortex interactions (BVI)

SOLUTIONS

� Tiltable Wing (T/R)

� Present studies on the reduction of BVI

� Active blade controls (flaps, HHC, IBC…)

� Flying at heights greater than today (3000 ft above cities; 5000 ft above rural areas)

6

312005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

VIRTUAL NOISE

Is the helicopter (T/R) safe?

Is it controllable?

Perceived intrusion

Different noise respect to the more common fixed wing noise

Increase of the level of dB:

+15/20 dB(A)

SOLUTIONS

� Publicity Campaigns (Industries, Operators, Associa tions…)

� Better public relations: understand the concerns & needs of each other

� Heliports in noisy area

� Re-routing, increase of flyover heights, operationa l procedures

The Community Says:

322005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

NEW RULES

THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF THE TILTROTOR NEEDS NEW REGULATIONS

� Nacelle Tilting Mechanism

� Flight Quality Requirements in the Conversion Corridor

� Flight Quality Requirements with FBW System

� Handling Qualities Criteria

� Emergency Conditions (Cat. A, …)

� Flight Deck Design

� Pilot Licence

332005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

NEW RULES

DESIGN FLT TEST TEST RESULTS PROOF OF COMP.

LIMITED OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION BASIS

CERIFICATION PROCESS

( FTE F. Paolucci (ENAC), FTP Maj. G. Cito (ITAF) )

Iterative Certification Process for a Live Certification Basis

342005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

AIRPORT OPERATIONS

�Objective : Remove IFR R/C & T/R from runway traffic by using their specific, non dependent, procedures

• Advantages :� for the pilot: shortened approaches (time / fuel

savings)� for the controller: removes “slow traffic” from

RWY approach (easier A/C-R/C-T/R separation) � for airport neighbours: less noise thanks to

higher approach routes and steep final leg� for airport authorities: adds movements without

contribution to RWY congestion (passenger throughput)

352005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

AIRPORT OPERATIONS

HLeaving ILS when

RWY in sight

Visual Manoeuvre

Standard Separation

A/C Separation

H R/C SeparationR/C Go-around

Current ILS Procedure Current ILS Procedure

SNI SNI

362005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

AIRPORT OPERATIONS

• Combined use of Helicopters and Tilt-Rotors for Hub Feeder operations can increase passenger throughput

SNI potential for future R/C operations SNI potential for future R/C operations

� NASA / Boeing Studies

+20% to + 30% passenger throughput

Provides 50% as much delay reduction as a new runway

(NASA study)

7

372005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

OPEN QUESTIONS

1. Which are the actions that Industries, Operators, Associations, Regulations Agencies should give themselves in orde r to reach the goal of the introduction of the VTOL aircraft i n the ATM?

2. In the case of an SNI approach, what should be th e minimum separation with the other traffic?

3. What is the required navigational performance of the SNI approach procedure and how sensitive is this proced ure to items as weather, system failures…?

4. What are the requirements in terms of visually ac quiring, observing and guiding rotary-wing traffic to separa te them from other IFR fixed-wing traffic by the control tower?

5. Does the traffic controller need special equipmen t, algorithms, etc. in order to reduce the mental stress or the co nflict-solving predictive capability?

6. What about the new regulations connected with the new technology (Nacelle Tilting Mech., Conversion, HQ, …) ?

7. …

382005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

� THE AGUSTA ADVANCED TILTROTOR ERICA IS A STEP FORWARD FOR THE AIR TRANSPORT

� THE RUNNING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS ALLOW TO REINFORCE THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE IN THE DOMAIN

� THE 6th EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAMWILL CONTRIBUTE TO THIS GLOBAL OBJECTIVE WITHIN A LARGE PARTNERSHIP

� INDUSTRIES, OPERATORS, ASSOCIATIONS, REGULATION AGENCIES SHOULD GIVE THEIR EFFORT IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE THE VTOL IN THE ATM

CONCLUSIONS

392005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

WELCOME ON BOARD