airport and airlines in clima protection 2.pdf

8/12/2019 airport and airlines in clima protection 2.pdf

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Aviation GHG EmissionsAviation GHG Emissions COCO22, CH, CH44, N, N22O, SFO, SF66,, HFCHFCss,, PFCPFCss, water, water

vapor, ozone,vapor, ozone, ultrafineultrafine particulate matterparticulate matter

Estimate of aviation's share in climateEstimate of aviation's share in climate

change ~ 3.5% of the total humanchange ~ 3.5% of the total humancontribution; growing to 5contribution; growing to 5--15% in 205015% in 2050

ContrailsContrails Cirrus cover effectsCirrus cover effects


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New Focal Point for Airport OppositionNew Focal Point for Airport Opposition


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And Politicians too:And Politicians too:

Major GHG Bills in 110Major GHG Bills in 110thth

CongressCongress

A wide variety of policies, laws, and regulations are

being proposed at all levels of government:

international, federal, regional, state, and local.
http://images.wri.org/larsen-2007-big-ppms.gif


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Responses to Climate ChangeResponses to Climate Change

Mitigation:Mitigation:

Actions to slow down or reverse the rate ofActions to slow down or reverse the rate ofclimate changeclimate change

Adaptation:Adaptation:

Structural or management changes thatStructural or management changes that

minimize risk in the face of climate changeminimize risk in the face of climate change


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MitigationMitigation


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The Benefits of Alternative Fuels:The Benefits of Alternative Fuels:

California LowCalifornia Low--Carbon Fuel StandardCarbon Fuel Standard

Percentage reduction in global warmingPercentage reduction in global warming

impacts compared to CA reformulatedimpacts compared to CA reformulated

gasoline (CA RFG)gasoline (CA RFG)

Comparisons for various fuelsComparisons for various fuels

Standardization using grams COStandardization using grams CO22/ MJ/ MJ

(megajoule)(megajoule)

Life cycle assessment (LCA) modelLife cycle assessment (LCA) model


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TABLE 1. REDUCTIONS IN GLOBAL WARMING IMPACTS ESTIMATED FOR

CALIFORNIA ALTERNATIVE FUELS

California Fuel Percentage Reduction in Global Warming

Impacts by Comparison to CA RFG

Compressed Natural Gas from NorthAmerica

15%

Propane from Petroleum 15%

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Produced in

California

20%

Biodiesel from Midwest Soybeans 65%

Hydrogen Biomass Delivered by Pipeline 75%

Hydrogen from Steam-Reformation of

Onsite Natural Gas

45%

Electricity California Average Electricity 70%

Electricity Natural Gas Combined Cycle

and Renewable Generation

75%

Percentages estimated from values in Table ES-3 of the study titled,A Low-Carbon FuelStandard for California, Farrell, Sperling, et al, May 2007.


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AdaptationAdaptation


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Role of AdaptationRole of Adaptation

Technological and behavioral adaptationTechnological and behavioral adaptationcan reduce vulnerabilitycan reduce vulnerability

Four points to consider:Four points to consider:Adaptation is not without costAdaptation is not without cost

Economic and social costs of adaptationEconomic and social costs of adaptation

will increase with more rapid changewill increase with more rapid change We are in the learning phase regardingWe are in the learning phase regarding

opportunities adaptationopportunities adaptation

Uncertainties exist about the efficacy andUncertainties exist about the efficacy andbyby--products of adaptive strategiesproducts of adaptive strategies


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Sunday, SundaySunday, Sunday


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Questions?Questions?

airport and airlines in clima protection 2.pdf

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