air water-sound-and-land-pollution and its remedial approach
TRANSCRIPT
What is Environmental Pollution ?
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil/Land, Sound which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant: Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
Types of Environmental Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Land Pollution
• Radio Active Pollution
5 Types-
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.
Causes of Air Pollution-
Major Pollutants:
-Sulfur oxides (SOx)
-Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
-Carbon monoxide (CO)
-Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
-Particulate Matter (PM)
-Toxic metals such as Lead/Mercury
-Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
-Ammonia (NH3)
-Odours — such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes
-Radioactive pollutant
-Ground level ozone (O3) etc.
Causes of Air Pollution- Major Sources:
- Industries
-Automobiles and Domestic fuels
-High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide
-Dust (e.g. cement dust, foundry dust and windblown solid dust)
-Mist.
-Smoke.
-Carbon black.
-Aerosols.
Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe
Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe
Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe
Human health- Various Respiratory Diseases.
Animals-
Plants-
The atmosphere as a whole- Climate change, Chemical
imbalance.
Global warming- Accelerated by green house effect.
Ozone depletion(Ozone hole).
Acid Rain.
Effects of Air Pollution-
Use natural Gases, like LPG (Liquefied Petroleum
Gas) autos.
Do not Burst Crackers.
Use less Amount of Fuel for Vehicles.
Avoid using and use electric stoves (bio gas).
Common Remedial of Air Pollution-
Water Pollution
Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.
Sources of Water Pollution-
-Point Sources: Contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain.
-Non Point Sources: Refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. A common example is the leaching out of nitrogen compounds from fertilized agricultural lands. Nutrient runoff in storm water from "sheet flow" over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution.
Sources of Water Pollution-
Point vs Non Point Sources
Types of Water Pollution-
Surface water pollution > found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, oceans, rivers and lakes
Groundwater Pollution>found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers
Microbiological pollution >microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that
can cause illness to land animals and humans
Oxygen Depletion pollution >microorganisms that in water an feeds on
biodegradable substances
Causes of Water Pollution-
Marine Dumping
Industrial Waste
Sewage, mainly from households
Nuclear waste
Oil pollution
Underground storage leaks
Plastic
Alien Species
Organic & Inorganic pollutants
Agricultural Waste
Causes of Water Pollution-
Fig. 20-11, p. 542
Polluted air
Hazardous waste injection wellPesticides
and fertilizersDeicing road saltCoal strip
mine runoffBuried gasoline and solvent tanks
Pumping well
Gasoline station
Cesspool, septic tank
Waste lagoon Sewer
Water pumping well
Landfill
Leakage from faulty casing
Accidental spills
Discharge
Groundwater flowUnconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer Confined aquifer
Effects of Water Pollution-
How to Measure Water Quality-
Good 8–9
Water Quality DO (ppm) at 20°C
Slightly polluted 6.7–8
Moderately polluted 4.5–6.7
Heavily polluted 4–4.5
Gravely polluted Below 4
Water quality as measured by dissolved oxygen (DO) content in parts per million (ppm) at 20 °C (68 °F). Only a few fish species can survive in water with less than 4 ppm of dissolved oxygen at this temperature. Some warmer water species have evolved ways to tolerate low DO levels better than cold water species can. Question: Would you expect the dissolved oxygen content of polluted water to increase or decrease if the water is heated? Explain.
Water Quality Around the World-
How to Control Water Pollution-
Sewage Treatment
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Agriculture Wastewater treatment
Use less plastic and don’t litter
Enforce existing loss
Use organic farming technique
Noise Pollution
Sound that is unwanted or disrupts one’s quality of life is called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the environment, it is termed as noise pollution.
Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during conversations.
It is an underrated environmental problem because of the fact that we can’t see, smell, or taste it.
World Health Organization stated that “Noise must be recognized as a major threat to human well-being”
Transportation systems are the main source of noise pollution in urban areas. Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot of noise, due to the
usage of air compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.
Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state of noise pollution. Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners, fans, and
vacuum cleaners add to the existing noise pollution.
Sources of Noise Pollution-
Effects of Noise Pollution-
§ Hearing Loss
§ High Blood Pressure
§ Stress
§ Insomnia
§ Labored breathing
§ Altered brain chemistry
§ Permanent damage in
voice
§ Sleep Disturbance
§ Color Blindness
• Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an effective solution for noise pollution.
• Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively reduce the noise pollution.
• Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the walls, windows, and ceilings.
• Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.
• Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.
• Factories and industries should be located far from the residential areas.
• Community development or urban management should be done with long-term planning, along with an aim to reduce noise pollution.
Solution to Noise Pollution-
Land Pollution Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly.
Causes of Land Pollution-
We can classify major sources in the following Categories:
•Mining, Erosion and quarrying.
•Household Garbage.
•Urbanization and Concentration of Population.
•Municipal Solid Waste.
•Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste.
•Uncontrolled Land Treatment.
•Burning open dumps and forest fires.
•Deforestation.
Causes of Land Pollution-
•More and more land should be brought under farming.
•Trees should be planted everywhere.
•Waste matter should be disposed immediately.
•Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water.
•Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides.
•Integrated Solid Waste Management.
•Good agricultural practices.
•Remediation of polluted soils.
•Prevention of erosion and silting.
•Containment of hazardous waste and waste water treatment using land
treatment techniques
Common Remedial of Land Pollution-
