AIR TOXICS DEVELOPMENTS

SALLY SHAVER, DIRECTOREMISSION STANDARDS DIVISIONOCTOBER 25, 2004

EMISSION STANDARDS DIVISION

Area Source

MACT Litigation

Community Ag

129/NSPS

Risk Analysis/Mgmt.

Tools

Residual Risk

* For 2020, stationary source emissions are based only on economic growth between 2007 and 2020. They do not account for reductions from ongoing toxics programs such as the urban air toxics program, residual risk standards and multi-pollutant rule, which are expected to further reduce toxics. Mobile emissions do not account for the recent nonroad efforts or Section 202(l) re-evaluation. The impacts of these programs are not yet known.

*

Without Clean Air Act Programs

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS OF MACT PROGRAM

Emissions Reductions include: CO – 672,254 tons per year (tpy)NOx – 137,330 tpyTotal PM – 643,681 tpyVOC – 1,846,284 tpyHAP – 1,451,170 tpy

Also, Hg

MWC: 43 tpyMWI: 16 tpy

DioxinMWC: 4250 grams/yr MWI: 150 gram/yr

KEY ISSUES

Area Source ProgramResidual Risk ProgramMercuryRole of Community-Based InitiativesStrategy for AgricultureAir Toxics Futures

URBAN AIR TOXICS – AREA SOURCE PROGRAM

“Child No One Wants”70 categories listed15 standards completed; consent decree to complete 5 more by December 2007Ongoing litigation/mediation

30 area source standards have been started; includes top 20 “toxicity weighted”

Area Source Emission Reduction InitiativeCommunity-Based Projects

URBAN AIR TOXICS – AREA SOURCE PROGRAM (continued)

Held a meeting with Air Program Managers from all Regions

Consensus that we need the area source programNeeds to be flexible, self-implementing and self-certifyingMust say selectivity is OKEPA does not want/need title V to implement the area source programProgram emphasizes resultsEPA wants to explore the concept of a State Program with targeted applicability for control technique guidelines

RESIDUAL RISK

Where we are nowVolumes I and II of Risk Assessment Library are complete Continuing work on Volume IIIAll 20 of the 2- and 4-year MACT residual risk standards have been started

Five of the 24 7-year MACT projects have been initiated

RESIDUAL RISK (CONTINUED)

To do:Complete current standards with court-ordered deadlinesComplete four with “no further controls” by March 2006*

Industrial cooling towersMagnetic tapeEthylene oxide sterilizersGasoline distribution

*dates under negotiation

RESIDUAL RISK (CONTINUED)

Develop “total facility low-risk demonstration (TFLRD)” ruleDevelop comprehensive residual risk ruleConsider linking MACT review to generic approach

COMMUNITY-BASED INITIATIVE

What happens when you have multiple sources in populated areas?

COMMUNITY-BASED INITIATIVE (continued)

ToolsProblem Identification

Inventories, data analysis, monitoring, risk assessment library volume III

Problem SolutionEngineering solutions, work practices, P2, etc.

Health Data

OutreachFacilitationCommunicationInformation

MERCURY

Utility ruleChlor-alkali facilitiesOld auto switch disposalScience and technologyAddressing global emissions

STRATEGY FOR AGRICULTURE

Vision StatementClean Air

Clean WaterSustainable Agriculture

Sound Land Management

Key elements:Scientific assessmentOutreach and educationImplementation/compliance

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES?

Ozone and PM designations and implementation

Fugitive dustConservation management practices

PermittingTitle V/NSRFugitive vs. nonfugitiveSource Definition

Pesticide application

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? (continued)

Agricultural equipmentTitle II rule amendment - pumps

FirePrescribed fire, wildfireBlueSky Rains

AFO/CAFOPMH2SNH3OdorCMPs to improve air quality

EPA’S FIRE POLICIES

EPA acknowledges the use of fire as an efficient and economical land management tool in maintaining the health of fire-tolerant and fire-dependent plant and animal ecosystems

Maintain species diversityEnhance agricultural productionEliminate the threat of diseaseReduce catastrophic wildfires

PM-10 Natural Events Policy (1996)Interim Air Quality Policy on Wildland and Prescribed Fires (1998)Agricultural Burning Policy (on hold)

BLUESKY RAINS

BlueSky RAINS (BSR) is an interactive web-based tool that predicts smoke concentrations on a variety of sensitive receptors BSR couples the latest available science in fire behavior and smoke dispersion from the BlueSky framework developed by the USFS with the Geographical Information System (GIS) and sequential database technology of the Rapid Access Information System (RAINS) developed by EPA Region 10

BLUE SKY RAINS (continued)

EPA Region 10 and the USDA Forest Service have successfully operated BSR in the Pacific Northwestern US since March 2003

Leavitt Initiative – can we take this nationwide within 2 years?Currently, a beta version of the BSR for wildfires that covers all or part of 11 western States is being tested

ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (AFO)

NAS Commissioned:EPA and USDA asked NAS to perform CAFO air emissions study

NAS Study Conclusions:No reliable emissions factors for AFO exist Additional data needed to develop estimating methodologiesCurrent methods for estimating emissions not appropriate Use process-based approach

KEY FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED AGREEMENT

Industry:- Pay a civil penalty (per facility)- Contribute to nationwide emissions monitoring program ($2,500)- Make facilities available for monitoring- At conclusion of study, apply emissions-estimating methodologies to identify applicable CAA, CERCLA and EPCRA requirements- Certify compliance with CAA permitting and CERCLA and EPCRA notification provisions- EPA grants limited covenant not to sue

AIR TOXICS FUTURES

Focus on known risks and 188 HAPUpdate of health benchmarksNeed monitoring data and methodologies Metals strategyAir depositionMultimedia, multipollutant approaches

Are we keeping up?New toxicsCumulative effectsSynergistic effects

APPENDIX

MACT STANDARD LITIGATION

Cellulose Production Mfg.Integrated Iron & SteelBrick & Structural Clay ProductsClay CeramicsSite RemediationOrganic Liquid DistributionMiscellaneous Organic Chemical Production & Processes (MON)Mercury Cell Chlor-alkaliIron & Steel FoundriesTaconite Iron Ore Processing Plywood & Composite Wood Products

NSPSDa –Utility Boilers; propose 2005, promulgate 2006Db – Large Industrial, Commercial & Institutional Boilers; propose 2005, promulgate 2006Dc – Small Industrial, Commercial, & Institutional Boilers; propose 2005, promulgate 2006KKKK – Combustion Turbines; propose 2005, promulgate 2006RICE – Compression Ignition Engines; propose 2005, promulgate 2006RICE – Spark Ignition Engines; propose 2006, promulgate 2007

SECTION 129

Large Municipal Waste Combustors (MWC) – 5-yr review; promulgate 2006Other Solid Waste Incineration (OSWI); promulgate 2005Commercial, Industrial, Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI) Remand

RESIDUAL RISK (Court-ordered promulgation dates)

Coke Ovens (2005)Dry Cleaning (2006)Industrial Process Cooling Towers (2006)Halogenated Solvents (2006)Magnetic Tape (2006)EO Sterilizers (2006)Gasoline Distribution (2006)Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON) (2006)

RESIDUAL RISK (continued)Additional rules under development for FY05:

Chrome ElectroplatingSecondary LeadPetroleum RefineriesAerospaceShipbuilding & Ship Repair

Additional rules statutorily due: 2- & 4-yr rules:

Marine vessel loadingPolymers & Resins I, II, and IVWood FurniturePrinting & PublishingOff-site waste

7-yr rules:Mineral Wool Wool FiberglassPharmaceuticalsPolyurethane Foam ProductionOil & Gas ProductionPolyether Polyols

AREA SOURCES (Court-ordered proposal/promulgation dates)

Other Solid Waste Incineration (2004/2005)Oil & Natural Gas Production (2005/2006)Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (2006/2007)Hospital Sterilizers (2006/2007)Gasoline Distribution Stage I (2006/2007)

AREA SOURCES (continued)Additional rules under development:

Iron & Steel Foundries (2 categories)Stainless & Nonstainless Steel Mfg. EAFFlexible Polyurethane Foam ProductionIndustrial, Institutional/Commercial Heaters and Boilers (2 categories)Secondary Nonferrous MetalsPrimary Nonferrous Metals – Zn, Cd, BePaint and Allied ProductsPlastic Parts & Products (Surface Coating)Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg.Plating and PolishingAgricultural Chemicals & Pesticides Mfg.Industrial Inorganic Chemicals Mfg.Fabricated Plate WorkClay Ceramics Mfg.Cyclic and Intermediate ProductionChemical PreparationsPaint Stripping OperationsAuto Body Refinishing

AREA SOURCES (continued)Remaining rules:Lead Acid Battery Mfg.Secondary Copper SmeltingFerroalloys Production: Ferromanganese & SilicomanganesePrimary Copper (not subject to Prim. Cu Smelting MACT)Acrylic Fibers/Modacrylic Fibers ProductionMiscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing (MON) Industrial Organic Chemicals Mfg.Plastic Materials and Resins Mfg.Synthetic Rubber Mfg. Pharmaceutical Production Copper FoundriesIron and Steel ForgingValves and Pipe FittingsFlexible Polyurethane Foam FabricationSewage Sludge IncinerationWood Preserving

Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Mfg. Carbon Black ProductionIndustrial Machinery and Equipment: Finishing OperationsElectrical and Electronic Equipment: Finishing OperationsFabricated Metal Products, necFabricated Structural Metal Mfg. Heating Equipment, Except ElectricInorganic Pigments Mfg. Nonferrous Foundries, necPrepared Feeds Mfg. Primary Metals Products Mfg. Brick and Structural Clay Products Mfg. Chemical Mfg.: Chromium CompoundsPolyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers Production

AREA SOURCES CURRENTLY DEFERRED FROM TITLE V

1. Dry cleaners (30,000+ sources)2. Degreasers (3,800 sources)3. Chrome platers (5,000 sources)4. EO sterilizers (40 sources)5. Secondary lead smelters (3 sources)6. Secondary aluminum production facilities

(2,700 sources)

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Website for Air Toxics:www.epa.gov/ttn/atwWebsite for Risk Assessment Library:

www.epa.gov/ttn/fera/risk_atoxic.html