Air & Space and Decision Superiority in the 21st Century

Presented byAir Commodore Garfield Porter

Presented byAir Commodore Garfield Porter

2

Scope

Network Enabling

• Where are we?• Where are we going?

Command Model

BSM in the Air Environment

I2 Challenges

Space

Network Enabling

• Where are we?• Where are we going?

Command Model

BSM in the Air Environment

I2 Challenges

Space

3

NATO Air C4ISR – Ground Environment

VoIP Begins

20072007

0% 0% 50% 0%

4

NATO Air C4ISR – Ground Environment

NATO Signals Battalions

1. Brunssum2. Naples

VoIP Begins

20072007

5

NATO Air C4ISR – Ground Environment

NATO Signals Battalions

1. Brunssum2. Naples

VoIP Begins Link cryptoremoved IP-crypto Black Core Net SCIP, PKI, CIRC BLACK

networksSecure Voice/

VTCoIP EoIP IEG (QoS)On IP CC2 PNC CDIS IPv6

20172017

6

NATO Air C4ISR – Air and Space

ISR

COMMERCIAL

NATIONAL

CRCs

CAOCs

NATO IV

US/UFO

UK/SKYNET 4/5, FR/SYRACUSE III, IT/SICRAL

E-3 (FR, NATO, UK, US)E-8 (US)EC-130H (US)EMB-145 (GR)EUROFIGHTER (GE, IT,

SP, UK)F-15 (US)NIMROD R1 (UK)Sentinel R1 (UK)

F-16 (BE,DA,GR, NL,NO,PL, PO, TU,US)F-18 (CA, US)F-22 (US)RC-135 (US)Rafale (FR)Sea King (UK)TORNADO (IT, UK)

B-2 (US)C-17 (CA)CP-140 (CA)E-2C (US)

Link 16 Interoperability

Num

ber o

f Airc

raft

16/26 Nations

Total AC Attack2007

ISR/Tn2007

Space Bw Deployable Bw

8,000

~5,000

~2,500

71%

29%41%

59%

94%

6%

NUS:64%

US:36%

NUS: 29%

US: 71%

NUS: 64%

US: 36%

NUS: 28%

US: 72%

NUS: 63%

US: 37%

NUS:

UHF

SHFX-Band

SHFX-Band

2007

UHF

7

NATO Air C4ISR – Air and Space

ISRNATIONAL

ACCS

DARS

ARSCAOCs

CRCs

UK/SKYNET 4/5, FR/SYRACUSE III, IT/SICRAL

US/MUOS

NATO EHF COMMERCIAL

737-700 (TU)A-10 (US)A-400 (GE)B-1 (US)B-2 (US)B-52 (US)

C-130 (NL, UK, US)C-5 (US)C-17 (CA, US)CP-140 (CA)E-2 (FR, US)E-3 (FR, NATO, UK, US)E-8 (US)EA-6B (US)EC-130H (US)EMB-145 (GR)EUROFIGHTER (GE, IT,

SP, UK, +)

Euro Hawk (GE)F-15 (US)F-16 (BE, DA, GR, NL,

NO, PL, PO, TU, US)F-18 (CA, US)F-22 (US)F-35 (US, +)GLOBAL HAWK (US)JAS-39 (HU)KC-767 (US)KDC-10 (NL)NIMROD MRA/4 (UK)P-3 (GE, PO, US)

Rafale (FR)RC-135 (US)Sea King (UK)Sentinel R1 (UK)TORNADO (UK)TRISTAR (UK)VC-10 (UK)

E3A MNT ACCS LOC 1 IOC ACCS FOC Air C2IS DCIS CJTF IOC

Link 16 Interoperability

Num

ber o

f Airc

raft

17/26 Nations

Total AC2007

Total AC2012

Attack2007

Attack2012

ISR/Tn2007

ISR/Tn2012

Space Bw Deployable Bw

UHF

EHF

SHFX-Band

DFCIS+

ACCS

8,00071%

29%

NUS: 64%

US: 36%

NUS: 29%

US:71%

38%

62%

41%

59%29%

71%

94%

44%

56%

~8,000

~5,000

~6,000

~2,500~3,000

NUS: 99%

US: 28 1%

NUS: 32%

US: 68%

NUS: 64%

US: 36%

NUS: 28%

US: 72%

NUS:

US: 63%

NUS:37%

NUS: 63%

US:37%

6% NUS:

NUS:98%US: 2%

US: 85%

AGS FOCAGS IOC

2017

EHF

SHFX-Band

UHF

8

Model for Command

Network Enabled Connectivity

Command

BSM

CBMI2C4ISR

I2I2

SR Control

Command

I2

Command

BSM

SR IM Control Self-Sync

Shared Situational Awareness

9

Air Command Today

CAOC

Msn Msn Msn Msn

ACC

1010

Air and Space Themes

CC

JointC

oord

inat

ion

1111

CAOC

Air Command Tomorrow?

Msn Msn Msn Msn

Msn

Msn Msn

Msn

Msn

Msn

Msn

Msn

Msn

ACC

CAOCJointEnabling

C Air DPOJoint Enabling

12

BSM Challenges

Generating SSA

Link 16

Market Place v Secretariat

Defining the Future Battlespace

Environmental Seams

Generating SSA

Link 16

Market Place v Secretariat

Defining the Future Battlespace

Environmental Seams

1313

Effects

CounterAir

AI

SpaceControl

Influence

Logs Air Defence

CAS

DPO

ForceProtect

ISTAR

Jt Enabling

A&S Control

Tac AT

BattlefieldMobility

AOSE

Strat AT

Air & Space Roles

Actions

14

Information & Intelligence

Decision Superiority

Definitions

Decision Superiority

Definitions

‘Any communication or representation of knowledge such as facts, data, or opinions in any medium or form, including textual, numerical, graphic, cartographic, narrative, or audiovisual forms.’

NATO IM Policy Jan 08

15

Information & Intelligence

Decision Superiority

Definitions

I2 Ubiquity through NEC

The Media Dilemma

Higher/Lower I2?

I2 Challenges

Decision Superiority

Definitions

I2 Ubiquity through NEC

The Media Dilemma

Higher/Lower I2?

I2 Challenges

Space – the Critical Enabler!

Today’s economy depends on space Today’s decision makers depend on space Space enhances national security Today’s warfighter depends on space

Today’s economy depends on space Today’s decision makers depend on space Space enhances national security Today’s warfighter depends on space

17

The Threats to Space Systems are Real

SATCOM facility in Serbia destroyed by NATOChinese ASAT – Jan 07

Television station in KabulVoice of America jammed by Iran from facility in Cuba

STK-generated image courtesy AGI

NATO is fighting its first “Space War”

Deliberate Planning & Cooperation

There is a lack of space awareness & expertise at all levels – Strategic, Operational & Tactical

NATO needs governance that adequately addresses space issues

NATO, the Nations, EU, ESA and the EDA must increase cooperation to address security & defence issues for space activities

There is a lack of space awareness & expertise at all levels – Strategic, Operational & Tactical

NATO needs governance that adequately addresses space issues

NATO, the Nations, EU, ESA and the EDA must increase cooperation to address security & defence issues for space activities

Areas to Address: Space Situational

Awareness Space Control – Assuring

the Space Domain Combined Space

Operations – integrating & using space capabilities

Areas to Address: Space Situational

Awareness Space Control – Assuring

the Space Domain Combined Space

Operations – integrating & using space capabilities

The Future of NATO Space Power

Assuring the Space Domain? Conducting Joint & Coalition Space Operations? NATO Space Ops Coordination Center? Alliance constellation of small ISR satellites? NATO Space Component Command?

Assuring the Space Domain? Conducting Joint & Coalition Space Operations? NATO Space Ops Coordination Center? Alliance constellation of small ISR satellites? NATO Space Component Command?

19

Questions