air quality monitoring

7/21/2019 Air Quality Monitoring

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Air QualityAir QualityMonitoringMonitoring

ENV 4101/5105 Elements of Air Pollution

01/21/16 1 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab

http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/16-2!

-"#$/200%000/tablesgraphs/figure-en.ht'

Reading: Ca! "#1 $ "#%

http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/16-254-XIE/2007000/tablesgraphs/figure3-en.htm






Air Quality Monitoring Monitoring Considerations

( )anual *s. auto'ate+ ,real-ti'e continuous 'onitoring

( a'pling ti'e( e+eral reference 'etho+ ,R) *s. eui*alent 'etho+ ,$)

Monitoring of Am&ient Air Pollutants

( 2 34 5

( 7+rocarbons

( P)10 P)2.

'our(e 'am!ling and Monitoring

( a'pling train

( #so8inetic sa'pling

Quality Assuran(e Programs( 9ualit7 Assurance

( 9ualit7 5ontrol

Air Quality Monitoring Net)or*


+at,s te use of am&ient air -uality monitoring data.



Monitoring Considerations

( a'pling location: li'ite+ nu'ber of fi4e+ site

'onitors whose locations reflect obecti*es of airualit7 'onitoring progra'

( Lower li'it of +etection ,L;: a sufficient a'ount of

pollutant 'ust be collecte+ f,sa'pling rate +uration

< #ntegrate+ sa'pling *s. real-ti'e sa'pling

< Area sa'pling *s. personal sa'pling

( 5ollection efficienc7 of the instru'ent:

< Low flow rate for gas-phase conta'inants ,= 1 L/'in

01/21/16 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab

Eam!les of (riteria for sele(ting am&ient sam!ling lo(ations.

+at are te o&e(ties.



!

2ifferen(es in aeraging times

asso(iated )it real3time data


+i( duration sould you use.



National Am&ient Air Quality 'tandards

Pollutant Primary 'tds# Aeraging imes 'e(ondary 'tds#

5 > pp' ,10 'g/' ?-hour ,1 3one

pp' ,!0 'g/' 1-hour ,1 3one

Pb 1. @g/' 9uarterl7 A*e a'e as Pri'ar7

32 0.0 pp' ,100 @g/' Annual ,Arith. )ean a'e as Pri'ar7

P)10 Re*o8e+,2 Annual,2 ,Arith. )ean

10 @g/' 2!-hour ,

P)2.

1.0 @g/' Annual,! ,Arith. )ean a'e as Pri'ar7

@g/' 2!-hour ,

0.0? pp' ?-hour ,6 a'e as Pri'ar7

0.12 pp' 1-hour ,% ,Applies onl7 in

li'ite+ areas

a'e as Pri'ar7

2 0.0 pp' Annual ,Arith. )ean -------

0.1! pp' 2!-hour ,1 -------

------- -hour ,1 0. pp' ,100 @g/'

http://www.epa.go*/air/criteria.ht'l


+y different durations.

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Air%20Quality%20Monitoring


http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#PowerPoint%20Presentation


http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Monitoring%20Considerations

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Differences%20in%20averaging%20times%20associated%20with%20real-time%20data

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standards

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Slide%206




http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standards

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Differences%20in%20averaging%20times%20associated%20with%20real-time%20data

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html#Monitoring%20Considerations







ederal Referen(e Metods for Criteria Pollutants

Pollutant Reference )etho+

2pectrophoto'etr7 ,pararosanilne 'etho+

32as-phase che'ilu'inescence

5 3on+ispersi*e infrare+ photo'etr7

5he'ilu'inescence

3)5s as chro'atograph7 < #; ,fla'e ioniBation +etection

P)10Perfor'ance-appro*e+ pro+uct

P)2.Perfor'ance-appro*e+ pro+uct




'6%

RM 3 '!e(tro!otometry 7!ararosanilne metod8

Air sa'ple potassiu' tetrachloro'ercurate solution

g5l2-2 react with 5 an+ colorless pararosaniline

h7+rochlori+e re+-*iolet pro+uct 'easure+

spectrophoto'etricall7 2 concentration

EM 9 3 R '!e(trometry7A&sor!tion of R &y '6% in

te air '6% (on(entration8

01/21/16 % Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab

tt!://(lu3in#org/!rograms/%1m%/o!en!at/o!3ftir/images/ei⁢#gif


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/air-quality-monitoring-56e06345cd8d7 8/2401/21/16 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab ?

'6%

EM 9 <V luores(en(e

1 CD light e4cites 2 to a higher energ7 state

2 E h*1 2F

2 ;eca7 of the e4cite+ 2F e'itting a characteristic ra+iation

2F 2 E h*2

www.cse.pol7u.e+u.h8/Gairlab/so2.pg



N6 9 N6% 9 N6

RM 9 =as3Pase Cemilumines(en(e

5he'ilu'inescence: e'ission of light

fro' electronicall7 e4cite+ che'ical

species for'e+ in che'ical reactions.

3 E 32F E 2

32F 32 E h*

)easure'ent of 32: con*ersion of 32 to

3 an+ subseuent 'easure'ent b7

che'ilu'inescence.

232 E )o 3 E )o

Possible interference: 3-containing

co'poun+s higher 'easure+ 32

5an 7ou +esign an instru'ent that can 'easure the

concentration of both 3 an+ 32 in the airH

www.82bw.co'/i'ages/che'.gif

01/21/16 > Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab

EM 9 3 R '!e(trometry



C6

RM 9 Nondis!ersie nfrared 7N2R8 s!e(trometry

5 strongl7 absorbs infrare+ energ7 at certain wa*elengths.

;etection +e*ice: two c7lin+rical cells a sa'ple an+ a reference cell.

;ifference in infrare+ energ7 in the two cells concentration of 5

a'ple5ell

Reference

5ell

5

G #R G

;etection01/21/16 10 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab



6;

RM 9 Cemilumines(en(e

Light e'issions pro+uce+ on reaction of with eth7lene ,52!.

52! fla''able < replace+ b7 Rho+a'ine I +7e e'be++e+ in a +is8

Rho+a'ine I +oes not attain a stable baseline rapi+l7 after e4posure to

EM 9 <V Potometry

Absorption of CD light ,2! n' b7 an+ subseuent use of

photo'etr7 to 'easure the re+uction of CD energ7

CD light ,2! n' ;etector

Jhat woul+ cause an

interference on a CD

photo'etr7 'onitorH01/21/16 11 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab



NM>CsRM 9 =as Cromatogra!y 3 2

Time

I n t e n s i t

y

enerate an electronic signal when a gas other than the carrier gas elutes fro' the colu'n.

GC-Detector:

Stationary and mobile phases




NM>C

( #; < la'e #oniBation ;etection:

< 5o'bustion of organic substances < Positi*e ions ,E an+ electrons ,- are for'e+ when

burne+ < change in current

01/21/16 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 1

http://teaching.shu.ac.u8/hwb/che'istr7/tutorials/chro'/gaschr'.ht'

K )ass sensiti*e rather than

concentration sensiti*e



Parti(ulate Pollutants

http://www.receto4.'uni.cB/i'ages/airsag/P)10.pg

PM10 sam!ler )it si?e3sele(tie inlet

( #'paction an+ filtration are the

pri'ar7 P) collection principles

( )easure the weight of e4pose+

an+ clean filters

( igh-*olu'e sa'pler ,i-Dol

( 7pical sa'pling +uration < 2! h

P)10 a'pler

( Re'o*e particles M 10 @' b7

i'paction on a grease+ surface

( Particles = 10 @' collecte+ on auartB glass fiber filter

Jhat +oes the P)10 sa'pler

'easureH 3u'ber or 'ass

concentration of particlesH

Ani'ation <P)10 #'pactor

01/21/16 1! Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab



2i(otomous 'am!ler

tt!://(ra(#u((#ie/images/sam!ler1#!g

ow can a ;ichoto'ous sa'pler

'easure coarse ,P)2.-10 an+ fine

,P)2. particlesH

Ani'ation <

Dirtual #'pactor

E6M 'eries 1400a&

Am&ient Parti(ulate Monitor

ermo Ele(tron Co#

E-uialent metod: E6M

( )easure P)10 P)2. P

( apere+ ele'ent oscillating

'icrobalance( Real-ti'e 'easure'ent of

particle 'ass collecte+ on a

filter




Cas(ade m!a(tor Ani'ation <

5asca+e #'pactor

ow can we collect

+ifferent siBes of particles

using casca+e i'pactorH

Aerosol flow In

Clean air out





'ta(* 'am!ling of PM1 Probe inserte+ into the stac8

2 e'perature sensor

Pitot tube < gas *elocit7 an+ flow rate

! wo-'o+ule sa'pling unit

so*ineti( 'am!ling1 Particles < inertial forces

2 a'ples 'ust be collecte+ at the

sa'e rate of low as the stac8 gas

01/21/16 1% Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab

+at,s te use of sour(e emission data.



so*ineti( 'am!ling

01/21/16 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 1?

ig @ 3% Aerosol Measurement %nd Edition %001



A((ura(y Pre(ision and Bias

A((ura(y is a (om&ination of random 7!re(ision8 $ systemati( 7&ias8

errors# +i( of te ; (ases as te igest a((ura(y. +y.


( ) 100% ×−

=

A

AO E

r Relatie Error:

Coeffi(ient of ariation: ( ) 100% ×=

X CV

σ

Bias

Pre(ision



Cali&ration

( ften use+ for a+usting &ias3ty!e errors

( )easure+ *alues are co'pare+ to stan+ar+ reference

*alues ,for pollutant concentration or stan+ar+ airflow

'easuring techniues/+e*ices ,for *olu'e air flow

( Primary *s. se(ondary stan+ar+ for flow: traceable to

the 3ational #nstitute of tan+ar+s an+ echnolog7

,3# < Pri'ar7: bubble 'eter

< econ+ar7: wet or +r7 test 'eters calibrate+ b7 bubble 'eter

( as stan+ar+s: traceable to a 3# reference 'aterial < 5 2 32 3: a*ailable in c7lin+er gas or per'eation tubes

< : 3# certifie+ generator

01/21/16 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 21



Quality Assuran(e Programs

Quality Assuran(e 7QA8

( etting polic7 an+ o*erseeing 'anage'ent controls

( Planning re*iew of +ata collection acti*ities an+ +ata use

( etting +ata ualit7 obecti*es assigning responsibilities

con+ucting re*iews an+ i'ple'enting correcti*e actions

=oal: Valid and relia&le air -uality monitoring data

Quality Control 7QC8

( echnical aspects of +ata ualit7 progra's

( #'ple'entation of specific 95 proce+ures:

calibrations chec8s replicate sa'ples routine self-assess'ent an+ au+its

t is federal rule to do(ument QA/QC efforts





'tate and Do(al Air Monitoring 'tations 7'DAM'8 ( ighest pollutant concentrations

( Representati*e concentrations in areas of high population +ensit7

( #'pact of 'aor e'ission sources

( Regional bac8groun+ concentrations

( $4tent of pollutant transport a'ong populate+ areas

( Jelfare-relate+ i'pacts in 'ore rural an+ re'ote areas

National Air Monitoring 'tations 7NAM'8 ( Crban area long-ter' air ualit7 'onitoring networ8

( Air ualit7 co'parisons an+ tren+s anal7sis

Poto(emi(al Assessment Monitoring 'tations 7PAM'8

( )onitor

an+ photoche'ical air pollutants

Clean Air 'tatus and rends Net)or* 7CA'Net8

( Pri'ar7 source for rural le*el an+ +r7 at'ospheric +eposition


National Atmos!eri( 2e!osition Program 7NA2P8( Assess the proble' of at'ospheric +eposition an+ its effects on auatic

an+ terrestrial ecos7ste's ,E

3!

E

!

2-

3

-

5l-

5a2E

)g2E

E

g



Qui(* Refle(tions

Monitoring Considerations

( )anual *s. auto'ate+ ,real-ti'e continuous 'onitoring

( a'pling ti'e

( e+eral reference 'etho+ ,R) *s. eui*alent 'etho+

,$)

Monitoring of Air Pollutants

( 2 34 5

( 7+rocarbons

( P)10 P)2.


( a'pling train

( #so8inetic sa'pling Quality Assuran(e Programs

( 9ualit7 Assurance

( 9ualit7 5ontrol


01/21/16 2!A l & P ti l t R h L b

air quality monitoring

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