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AIR POLLUTION
& HEALTH IMPACTS
Muntu Davis, MD, MPH
Alameda County Health Officer
AB 617 COMMUNITY MEETING
SAN LEANDRO, CALIFORNIA
March 28, 2018
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS
HEALTH & RISK
BURDEN
What puts people at risk of health impacts
from air pollution?
ENVIRONMENTAL
EXPOSURES
High levels of air pollution are observed in parts of East
Oakland, San Leandro, and Hayward along the I-880 corridor.
East Oakland and parts of Ashland, Cherryland, San Lorenzo,
and Fairview have a high burden of asthma ED visits.
Parts of East Oakland have the highest rates of
asthma hospitalizations in the county.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014 2013-3Q2015
Ag
e-a
djus
ted
rat
e pe
r 10
0,00
0
Asthma Emergency Department Visits, All Ages
Oakland
Alameda County
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014 2013-3Q2015
Age
-sp
eci
fic r
ate
pe
r 1
00
,00
0
Asthma Emergency Department Visits, Ages <5
Oakland
Alameda County
0
50
100
150
200
250
2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014 2013-3Q2015
Age
-ad
just
ed ra
te p
er 1
00,0
00
Asthma Hospitalizations, All Ages
Oakland
Alameda County
0
200
400
600
800
2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014 2013-3Q2015
Age
-sp
eci
fic
rate
pe
r 100
,000
Child Asthma Hospitalizations, Ages <5
Oakland
Alameda County
Asthma hospitalizations have gone down, but
asthma emergency department visits went up.
Multiple factors may be contributing to the
declining trend in child asthma hospitalizations.
0
500
1000
Oakland Alameda County
Age-s
peci
fic
rate
per
100,0
00
Oakland
20
02
-2004
20
05
-2007
20
08
-2010
20
11
-2013
20
13
-2015
Improvements in asthma management
Better access to healthcare
Built environment improvements
Reductions in air pollution emissions
7
Cancer death rates are especially high
in parts of East Oakland and Cherryland.
Heart disease death rates are notably high
in parts of East Oakland and Hayward.
Stroke death rates are highest in parts of East Oakland, San
Leandro, Ashland, Cherryland, Hayward, and Fairview.
Cancer 23%
Heart Disease 20%
Stroke 7%
Alzheimers Disease 6%
Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease 5%
Unintentional Injuries 7%
Diabetes 3%
Leading Causes of
Death in Alameda County
Percentage
of all deaths
Source: Alameda County vital statistics, 2015
Cancer, heart disease, stroke and chronic lower respiratory
disease are top 5 leading causes of death in Alameda County.
Due to cumulative health risks and impacts, life expectancy
is especially low in East Oakland and parts of Central County.
RESIDENTIAL SECURITY MAP, ALAMEDA COUNTY, 1937
(Created by Federal Home Owners Loan Corporation)
These health inequities did not happen overnight.
They have deep roots in historical practices, like racial redlining.
INNER
HARBOR
Impoverished areas see long-standing disinvestment, meaning
fewer resources and weaker infrastructure to support health.
INNER
HARBOR
Source: CAPE with data from American Community Survey, 2011-2015 and ESRI, 2015
1 in 10 White residents live in high-poverty neighborhoods, compared to:
1 in 7 Asians
1 in 3 Latinos
1 in 2 Blacks
African Americans and Latinos are most likely to have to live
in high poverty neighborhoods with barriers to good health.
African Americans are especially exposed to and
impacted by cumulative health risks.
Life Expectancy by Neighborhood Poverty Level and RaceAlameda County, 2013-2015
AfAm/Black
White
All Races
Hisp/Lat
Asian
65
70
75
80
85
90
<5.0% 5.0-9.9% 10.0-19.9% 20.0-29.9% 30%+
Life
Exp
ecta
ncy
at
Bir
th (
Year
s)
Neighborhood Poverty Level(% residents living in poverty)
Source: Alameda County Vital Statistics files, 2013-2015; Neighborhood
poverty data from American Community Survey, 2011-2015
AB 617 provides opportunities to reduce air pollution emissions
and maximize health co-benefits in most impacted communities.
Thank you!
For questions or more info, please contact us:
Muntu Davis, MD, MPH
Alameda County Health Officer
Sandi Gálvez
Director, Health Equity, Policy, & Planning
Anna Lee
Local Policy Coordinator, Place Matters
Tammy Lee
Community Epidemiologist