Air pollution and control

(Elective –I)

LL--77Effects of air pollution on Effects of air pollution on human health (Part human health (Part --II)II)

1Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Air pollutants2. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

- Colourless

- Odourless

- Toxic gas

- Has greater affinity for Hb

- Attacks Hb and replaces oxygen

•• Major sourcesMajor sources

1. Incomplete combustion of fuels

2. Automobile exhausts

3. Jet engines emissions

4. Blast furnaces

5. Mines

6. Tobacco smoking2Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Typical effects of COTypical effects of CO1. Toxicity2. Blood poisoning3. CNS impairment4. Forms carboxyhemoglobin as it

combines with hemoglobin presentin the blood.

5.Hb has 200 times more affinitytowards CO than O2.

6.Excess amount of CO-Hb leads to death3Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

4Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

5Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET 6

3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

- Colourless

- Heavy

- Water soluble gas

- With pungent and irritating odour

- Combines with moisture to form H2SO4

Major sourcesMajor sources

1. Combustion of coal

2. Combustion of petroleum products

3. Burning of refuse

4. Oil refining

5. Thermal power plants

6. Domestic burning of fuels

7Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Typical effectsTypical effects1. Increased breathing rate and feeling airstarvation2. Suffocation3. Aggravation of asthma and chronic

bronchitis4. Impairment of pulmonary functions5. Respiratory irritation6. Irritation of throat and eyes

8Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

9Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET 10

4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)CharacteristicsCharacteristics- NO is colourless gas

and soluble in water

- NO2 is reddish brown, somewhat water

soluble, oxidant and forms nitric acid by combining with water

- Takes part in photochemical reaction

Major sourcesMajor sources1. Automobile exhausts

2. Coal fired and gas fired furnaces

3. Explosives industries

4. Fertilizer industries

5. Nitric acid manufacturing industries

6. Combustion of wood and refuse 11Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Typical effectsTypical effects

1. Respiratory irritation2. Headache3. Bronchitis4. Pulmonary edema5. Impairment of lung defenses6. Loss of appetite 7. Corrosion of teeth

12Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

13Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

5. Hydrogen Sulphide (H5. Hydrogen Sulphide (H22S)S)

Major sourcesMajor sources1. Coke ovens2. Paper mills3. Petroleum industry4. Oil refining5. Viscose rayon manufacturing plants6. Manufacture of dyes7. Tanning industry8. Sewage treatment plants

14Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Typical effectsTypical effects

1.Headache2.Conjunctivitis3.Sleeplessness4.Irritation of respiratory tract

15Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

6. Hydrocarbons

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

- Very reactive

- Some are volatile

- takes part in photochemical reactions

Major sourcesMajor sources

1. Organic chemical industries,

2. Petroleum refineries

3. Automobile exhausts

4. Rubber manufacture

16Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Typical effectsTypical effects

1.Carcinogenic

2.Lachrymatory effect

17Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

7. OxidantsOxidants (O3, PAN, PBN )

Major sourcesMajor sources1.Photochemical reactionsTypical effectsTypical effects1.Irritation of eyes and lungs2.Accumulation of fluids in the lungs3.Effects on enzymes

18Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Objective QuestionsObjective QuestionsQ1.Hb has ________ times more affinity

towards CO than O2.

Q2. CO after entering into body combines with ____________ to form _________________.

Q3. ___________________ gas has pungent and irritating odour.

Q4. __________________are very reactive in nature.

Q5. ________,___________and ________ causes effects on enzymes.

19Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Theory QuestionsTheory QuestionsQ1. Give characteristics, major sources and typical effects

of following pollutants on human health

1. SO2

2. NO2

3. CO

4. O3

Q2. Write in detail effects of following pollutants on human health (Tabular format expected)

1. SO2

2. NO2

3. CO20Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET

Prof S S Jahagirdar,NKOCET 21