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RESEARCHES INTO THE

PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE SELF

C. G. JUNG

o oooi

1 1 1S95

132 J95co v.9 pt.2

C. G. (carl

187 5-1961. enworks.

Te !itraic "o# $ion%o&an' an#-r# cent)r*

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:ol)&e " o; te Collecte# orks +s #evote# to st)#ies o; tespeci;ic arcet*pes o; te collective )nconscio)s. art +' entitle#Te $rcet*pes an# te Collective nconscio)s.' is co&pose# o;sorter essa*sB art ++' $ion' is a lon" &ono"rap on te arce-t*pe o; te sel;. Te a)tor as a"ree# to a &o#i;ication o; tes)>-title o; $ion' wic in te Swiss e#ition appeare# in two;or&s' AA%esearces into te 4istor* o; S*&>ols an# Contri>)-tions to te S*&>olis& o; te Sel;. Te ;irst ;ive capters wereprevio)sl* p)>lise#' wit s&all #i;;erences' in s*ce an# S*&->ol< $ Selection A;ro& te ritin"s o; C. G. J)n" D e#ite# >*:iolet S. #e as=lo ($ncor ooks' Gar#en Cit*' ew ork'1958?.

T%$S$T,%AS ,T/

Grate;)l acknowle#"&ent is &a#e to te ;ollowin" persons'

wose translations ave >een cons)lte# #)rin" te preparationo; te present work< !r. illia& 4. enne#*' ;or re;erence tois translation o; portions o; $ion.' capters 2 an# 3' iss)e# asSa#ow' $ni&)s' an# $ni&a >* te $nal*tical s*colo"*Cl)> o; ew ork' 195EB 0r. 4il#e"ar#e a"el' ;or re;erenceto er translation o; te ori"inal /ranos-Jar>)c version (19F9?o; Concernin" te Sel;' in Sprin"' 1951' wic ori"inal ver-sion te a)tor later epan#e# into $ion' capters F an# 5B an#!iss ar>ara 4anna an# 0r. !arie-o)ise von ran=' ;orelp;)l a#vice wit te re&ainin" capters. /special tanks are#)e to !r. $. S. . Glover' wo ()nless oterwise note#? trans-late# te atin an# Greek tets tro)"o)t. %e;erences to p)>-lise# so)rces are "iven ;or te sake o; co&pleteness.

:'

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+. Te /"o 3

++. Te Sa#ow 8

+++. Te S*=*"*< $ni&a an# $ni&)s 1 1

T:. Te Sel; 23

:. Crist' a S*&>ol o te Sel; 36

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:+. Te Si"n o; te ises 72

:++. Te ropecies o; ostra#a&)s 95

:+++. Te 4istorical Si"ni;icance o; te is 1E3

+. Te $&>ivalence o; te is S*&>ol 118

. Te is in $lce&* 126i. Te !e#)sa' 126 2. Te is' 137 3. Te isS*&>ol o; te Catarists' 1F5

+. Te $lce&ical +nterpretation o; te is 15F++. ack"ro)n# to te s*colo"* o; Cristian

$lce&ical S*&>olis& H73

+++. Gnostic S*&>ols o; te Sel; 18F

+:. Te Str)ct)re an# 0*na&ics o; te Sel; 222:. Concl)sion 266

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;rontispiece

+. Te o)r /le&ents

!icael !aier' Scr)tini)& c*&ic)& (1687?' /&>le&a :++' p. F9.

;ollowin" pa"e I5E

++. Te Trinit*

ro& a &an)script >* Joaci& o; lora. Grapics Collection' @)ric

Central i>rar*' 6E6' ;ollowin" pa"e 25F

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)nconscio)s' as its ;orer)nners in istor*. Tese were +#enti-;ie# ver* earl* wit te ;i")re o; Crist' as + ave sown in &*>ook s*colo"* an# $lce&* (capter 5?. + ave >een re-M)este# so o;ten >* &* rea#ers to #isc)ss te relations >etweente tra#itional Crist-;i")re an# te nat)ral s*&>ols o; wole-ness tat + ;inall* #eci#e# to take tis task in an#. Consi#erin"te )n)s)al #i;;ic)lties o; s)c an )n#ertakin"' &* #ecision #i#not co&e easil* to &e' ;or' in or#er to s)r&o)nt all te o>-stacles an# possi>ilities o; error' a knowle#"e an# ca)tion wo)l#>e nee#e# wic' )n;ort)natel*' are vo)csa;e# &e onl* inli&ite# #e"ree. + a& &o#eratel* certain o; &* o>servations onte e&pirical &aterial' >)t + a& ;)ll* aware o; te risk + a&takin" in #rawin" te testi&onies o; istor* into te scope o;&* re;lections. + tink + also know te responsi>ilit* + a& tak-in" )pon &*sel; wen' as to)" contin)in" te istoricalprocess o; assi&ilation' + a## to te &an* s*&>olical a&pli;ica-tions o; te Crist-;i")re *et anoter' te ps*colo"ical one' oreven' so it &i"t see&' re#)ce te Crist-s*&>ol to a ps*co-lo"ical i&a"e o; woleness. !* rea#er so)l# never ;or"et' ow-ever' tat + a& not &akin" a con;ession o ;ait or writin" a

ten#entio)s tract' >)t a& si&pl* consi#erin" ow certaintin"s co)l# >e )n#erstoo# ;ro& te stan#point o; o)r &o#ernconscio)sness tin"s wic + #ee& it val)a>le to )n#erstan#'an# wic are o>vio)sl* in #an"er o; >ein" swallowe# )p in tea>*ss o; inco&preension an# o>livionB tin"s' ;inall*' wose)n#erstan#in" wo)l# #o &)c to re&e#* o)r pilosopic clis-orientation >* se##in" li"t on te ps*cic >ack"ro)n# an#te secret ca&>ers o; te so)l. Te essence o; tis >ook was>)ilt )p "ra#)all*' in te co)rse o; &an* *ears' in co)ntlessconversations wit people o; all a"es an# all walks o; li;eB witpeople wo in te con;)sion an# )proote#ness o; o)r societ*were likel* to lose all contact wit te &eanin" o /)ropeanc)lt)re an# to ;all +nto tat state o; s)""esti>ilit* wic +s teoccasion an# ca)se o; te topian &ass-ps*coses o; o)r ti&e.

+ write as a p*sician' wit a p*sicianAs sense o; respon-si>ilit*' an# not as a prosel*te. or #o + write as a scolar'oterwise + wo)l# wisel* >arrica#e &*sel; >ein# te sa;e walls

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o &* specialis& an# not' on acco)nt o; &* ina#eM)ate knowl-e#"e o; istor*' epose &*sel; to critical attack an# #a&a"e &*scienti;ic rep)tation. So ;ar as &* capacities allow' restricte# aste* are >* ol# a"e an# illness' + ave &a#e ever* e;;ort to #oc)-&ent &* &aterial as relia>l* as possi>le an# to assist te veri-;ication o; &* concl)sions >* citin" te so)rces.

C. G. JG!a* 195E

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+

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Tese tin"s ca&e to pass' te* sa*' tat Jes)s&i"t >e &a#e te ;irst sacri;ice in te #iscri&-ination o; co&posite nat)res.

4+,TS.' /lencoS :++' 27' 8

T4/ /G,

+nvesti"ation o; te ps*colo"* o; te )nconscio)s con-;ronte# &e wit ;acts wic reM)ire# te ;or&)lation o; newconcepts. ,ne o; tese concepts is te sel;. Te entit* so #enote#is not &eant to take te place o; te one tat as alwa*s >eenknown as te e"o' >)t incl)#es it in a s)praor#inate concept.e )n#erstan# te e"o as te co&ple ;actor to wic all con-scio)s contents are relate#. +t ;or&s' as it were' te centre o; te;iel# o; conscio)snessB an#' in so ;ar as tis co&prises te e&-pirical personalit*' te e"o is te s)>ect o; all personal acts o;conscio)sness. Te relation o; a ps*cic content to te e"o ;or&ste criterion o; its conscio)sness' ;or no content can >e con-scio)s )nless it is represente# to a s)>ect.

it tis #e;inition we ave #escri>e# an# #eli&ite# tescope o; te s)>ect. Teoreticall*' no li&its can >e set to te;iel# o; conscio)sness' since it is capa>le o; in#e;inite etension./&piricall*' owever' it alwa*s ;in#s its li&it wen it co&es )pa"ainst te )nknown. Tis consists o; ever*tin" we #o notknow' wic' tere;ore' is not relate# to te e"o as te centreo; te ;iel# o; conscio)sness. Te )nknown ;alls into two "ro)pso; o>ects< tose wic are o)tsi#e an# can >e eperience# >*te senses' an# tose wic are insi#e an# are eperience# i&-

&e#iatel*. Te ;irst "ro)p co&prises te )nknown in te o)terworl#B te secon# te )nknown in te inner worl#. e call tislatter territor* te )nconscio)s.

Te e"o' as a speci;ic content o; conscio)sness' is not a si&-ple or ele&entar* ;actor >)t a co&ple one wic' as s)c'cannot >e #escri>e# ea)stivel*. /perience sows tat it restson two see&in"l* #i;;erent >ases< te so&atic an# te ps*cic'Te so&atic >asis is in;erre# ;ro& te totalit* o; en#oso&aticperceptions' wic ;or teir part are alrea#* o; a ps*cic nat)re

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an# are associate# wit te e"o' an# are tere;ore conscio)s.Te* are pro#)ce# >* en#oso&atic sti&)li' onl* so&e o; wic

3

$+,

cross te tresol# o conscio)sness. $ consi#era>le proportiono; tese sti&)li occ)r )nconscio)sl*' tat is' s)>li&inall*. Te;act tat te* are s)>li&inal #oes not necessaril* &ean tat teirstat)s is &erel* p*siolo"ical' an* &ore tan tis wo)l# >e tr)eo; a ps*cic content. So&eti&es te* are capa>le o; crossin" tetresol#' tat is' o; >eco&in" perceptions. )t tere is no#o)>t tat a lar"e proportion o; tese en#oso&atic sti&)li aresi&pl* incapa>le o; conscio)sness an# are so ele&entar* tattere is no reason to assi"n te& a ps*cic nat)re)nless o;co)rse one ;avo)rs te pilosopical view tat all li;e-processesare ps*cic an*wa*. Te cie; o>ection to tis ar#l* #e&on-

stra>le *potesis is tat it enlar"es te concept o; te ps*ce>e*on# all >o)n#s an# interprets te li;e-process in a wa* nota>sol)tel* warrante# >* te ;acts. Concepts tat are too >roa#)s)all* prove to >e )ns)ita>le instr)&ents >eca)se te* are toova")e an# ne>)lo)s. + ave tere;ore s)""este# tat te ter&ps*cic >e )se# onl* were tere is evi#ence o; a will capa>leo; &o#i;*in" re;le or instinct)al processes. 4ere + &)st re;erte rea#er to &* paper ,n te at)re o; te s*ce' l were+ ave #isc)sse# tis #e;inition o; te ps*cic at so&ewat"reater len"t.

Te so&atic >asis o; te e"o consists' ten' o; conscio)s an#)nconscio)s ;actors. Te sa&e is tr)e o; te ps*cic >asis< onte one an# te e"o rests on te total ;iel# o; conscio)sness'an# on te oter' on te s)& total o; )nconscio)s contents.Tese ;all into tree "ro)ps< ;irst' te&poraril* s)>li&inal con-tents tat can >e repro#)ce# vol)ntaril* (&e&or*?B secon#')nconscio)s contents tat cannot >e repro#)ce# vol)ntaril*Btir#' contents tat are not capa>le o; >eco&in" conscio)s at all.Gro)p two can >e in;erre# ;ro& te spontaneo)s irr)ption o;s)>li&inal contents into conscio)sness. Gro)p tree is *po-teticalB it is a lo"ical in;erence ;ro& te ;acts )n#erl*in" "ro)ptwo. Tis contains contents wic ave not *et irr)pte# intoconscio)sness' or wic never will.

en 1 sai# tat te e"o HArests on te total ;iel# o; con-scio)sness + #o not &ean tat it consists o; tis. ere tat so' it

wo)l# >e in#istin")isa>le ;ro& te ;iel# o; conscio)sness as awole. Te e"o is onl* te latterAs point o; re;erence' "ro)n#e#on an# li&ite# >* te so&atic ;actor #escri>e# a>ove'

1 1 95FK55 version< Te Spirit o; s*colo"*.

F

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T4/ /G,

B $lto)" its >ases are in te&selves relativel* )nknown an#)nconscio)s' te e"o is a conscio)s ;actor par ecellence. +t iseven acM)ire#' e&piricall* speakin"' #)rin" te in#ivi#)alAsli;eti&e. +t see&s to arise in te ;irst place ;ro& te collision>etween te so&atic ;actor an# te environ&ent' an#' onceesta>lise# as a s)>ect' it "oes on #evelopin" ;ro& ;)rter col-lisions wit te o)ter worl# an# te inner.

0espite te )nli&ite# etent o; its >ases' te e"o is never&ore an# never less tan conscio)sness as a wole. $s a con-scio)s ;actor te e"o co)l#' teoreticall* at least' >e #escri>e#co&pletel*. )t tis wo)l# never a&o)nt to &ore tan a pic-t)re o; te conscio)s personalit*B all tose ;eat)res wic are)nknown or )nconscio)s to te s)>ect wo)l# >e &issin". $total pict)re wo)l# ave to +ncl)#e tese. )t a total #escrip-tion o; te personalit* is' even in teor*' a>sol)tel* i&possi>le'

>eca)se te )nconscio)s portion o; it cannot >e "raspe# co"ni-tivel*. Tis )nconscio)s portion' as eperience as a>)n#antl*sown' is >* no &eans )ni&portant. ,n te contrar*' te &ost#ecisive M)alities in a person are o;ten )nconscio)s an# can >eperceive# onl* >* oters' or ave to >e la>orio)sl* #iscovere#wit o)tsi#e elp.

Clearl*' ten' te personalit* as a total peno&enon #oesnot coinci#e wit te e"o' tat is' wit te conscio)s personalit*'>)t ;or&s an entit* tat as to >e #istin")ise# ;ro& te e"o.at)rall* te nee# to #o tis is inc)&>ent onl* on a ps*colo"*tat reckons wit te ;act o; te )nconscio)s' >)t ;or s)c aps*colo"* te #istinction is o; para&o)nt i&portance. /ven ;or)rispr)#ence it so)l# >e o; so&e i&portance weter certainps*cic ;acts are conscio)s or not ;or instance' in a#)#"in" teM)estion o; responsi>ilit*.

+ ave s)""este# callin" te total personalit* wic' to)"present' cannot >e ;)ll* known' te sel;. Te e"o is' >* #e;ini-tion' s)>or#inate to te sel; an# is relate# to it like a part to tewole' +nsi#e te ;iel# o; conscio)sness it as' as we sa*' ;reewill. * tis + #o not &ean an*tin" pilosopical' onl* tewell-known ps*colo"ical ;act o; ;ree coiceKA or rater te s)>-ective ;eelin" o; ;ree#o&. )t' )st as o)r ;ree will clases witnecessit* in te o)tsi#e worl#' so also it ;in#s its li&its o)tsi#ete ;iel# o; conscio)sness in te s)>ective inner worl#' wereit co&es into con;lict wit te ;acts o; te sel;. $n# )st as

5

$+,

circ)&stances or o)tsi#e events appen to )s an# li&it o)r;ree#o&' so te sel; acts )pon te e"o like an o>ective occ)r-rence wic ;ree will can #o ver* little to alter. +t is' in#ee#' well

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known tat te e"o not onl* can #o notin" a"ainst te sel;' >)tis so&eti&es act)all* assi&ilate# >* )nconscio)s co&ponentso; te personalit* tat are in te process o; #evelop&ent an#is "reatl* altere# >* te&.

+t is' in te nat)re o; te case' i&possi>le to "ive an* "eneral#escription o; te e"o ecept a ;or&al one. $n* oter &o#e o;o>servation wo)l# ave to take acco)nt o; te in#ivi#)alit*wic attaces to te e"o as one o; +ts &ain caracteristics. $l-to)" te n)&ero)s ele&ents co&posin" tis co&ple ;actorare' in te&selves' ever*were te sa&e' te* are in;initel*varie# as re"ar#s clarit*' e&otional colo)rin"' an# scope. Teres)lt o; teir co&>ination te e"o is tere;ore' so ;ar as onecan )#"e' in#ivi#)al an# )niM)e' an# retains its i#entit* )pto a certain point. +ts sta>ilit* is relative' >eca)se ;ar-reacin"can"es o; personalit* can so&eti&es occ)r. $lterations o; tiskin# nee# not alwa*s >e patolo"icalB te* can also >e #evelop-&ental an# ence ;all witin te scope o; te nor&al.

Since it is te point o; re;erence ;or te ;iel# o; conscio)s-

ness' te e"o +s te s)>ect o; all s)ccess;)l atte&pts at a#apta-tion so ;ar as tese are acieve# >* te will. Te e"o tere;oreas a si"ni;icant part to pla* in te ps*cic econo&*. +ts positiontere is so i&portant tat tere are "oo# "ro)n#s ;or te pre-)#ice tat te e"o is te centre o; te personalit*' an# tat te;iel# o; conscio)sness is te ps*ce per se. +; we #isco)nt certains)""estive i#eas in ei>ni=' ant' Scellin"' an# Scopena)er'an# te pilosopical ec)rsions o; Ga&s an# von 4art&ann' +tis onl* since te en# o; te nineteent cent)r* tat &o#ernps*colo"*' wit its in#)ctive &eto#s' as #iscovere# te;o)n#ations o; conscio)sness an# prove# e&piricall* te eist-ence o; a ps*ce o)tsi#e conscio)sness. it tis #iscover* teposition o; te e"o' till ten a>sol)te' >eca&e relativi=e#B tat+s to sa*' to)" +t retains its M)alit* as te centre o; te ;iel# o;conscio)sness' it is M)estiona>le weter it is te centre o; tepersonalit*. +t is part o; te personalit* >)t not te wole o;B +t.$s + ave sai#' it is si&pl* i&possi>le to esti&ate ow lar"e orow s&all its sare isB ow ;ree or ow #epen#ent it +s on teM)alities o; tis etra-conscio)s ps*ce. e can onl* sa* tat

6

T4/ /G,

its ;ree#o& is li&ite# an# its #epen#ence prove# in wa*s tatare o;ten #ecisive. +n &* eperience one wo)l# #o well not to)n#eresti&ate its #epen#ence on te )nconscio)s. at)rall*tere is no nee# to sa* tis to persons wo alrea#* overesti&atete latterAs i&portance. So&e criterion ;or te ri"t &eas)re isa;;or#e# >* te ps*cic conseM)ences o; a wron" esti&ate' apoint to wic we sall ret)rn later on.

e ave seen tat' ;ro& te stan#point o; te ps*colo"* o;

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conscio)sness' te )nconscio)s can >e #ivi#e# into tree "ro)pso; contents. )t ;ro& te stan#point o; te ps*colo"* o; tepersonalit* a two;ol# #ivision ens)es< an etra-conscio)sps*ce wose contents are personal' an# an etra-conscio)sps*ce wose contents are i&personal an# collective. Te ;irst"ro)p co&prises contents wic are inte"ral co&ponents o; tein#ivi#)al personalit* an# co)l# tere;ore )st as well >e con-scio)sB te secon# "ro)p ;or&s' as it were' an o&nipresent' )n-can"in"' an# ever*were i#entical M)alit* or s)>strate o; teps*ce per se. Tis is' o; co)rse' no &ore tan a *potesis. )twe are #riven to it >* te pec)liar nat)re o; te e&pirical &a-terial' not to &ention te i" pro>a>ilit* tat te "eneralsi&ilarit* o; ps*cic processes in all in#ivi#)als &)st >e >ase#on an eM)all* "eneral an# i&personal principle tat con;or&sto law' )st as te instinct &ani;estin" itsel; in te in#ivi#)al isonl* te partial &ani;estation o; an instinct)al s)>strate co&-&on to all &en.

++

T4/ S4$0,

H3 ereas te contents o; te personal )nconscio)s are ac-M)ire# #)rin" te in#ivi#)alAs li;eti&e' te contents o; te col-lective )nconscio)s are invaria>l* arcet*pes tat were present;ro& te >e"innin". Teir relation to te +nstincts as >een #is-c)sse# elsewere. 1 Te arcet*pes &ost clearl* caracteri=e#;ro& te e&pirical point o; view are tose wic ave te &ost;reM)ent an# te &ost #ist)r>in" +n;l)ence on te e"o. Teseare te sa#ow' te ani&a' an# te ani&)s. 2 Te &ost accessi>leo; tese' an# te easiest to eperience' is te sa#ow' ;or itsnat)re can in lar"e &eas)re >e in;erre# ;ro& te contents o; tepersonal )nconscio)s. Te onl* eceptions to tis r)le are toserater rare cases were te positive M)alities o; te personalit*are represse#' an# te e"o +n conseM)ence pla*s an essentiall*ne"ative or )n;avo)ra>le role.

HF Te sa#ow is a &oral pro>le& tat callen"es te wolee"o-personalit*' ;or no one can >eco&e conscio)s o; te sa#owwito)t consi#era>le &oral e;;ort. To >eco&e conscio)s o; +tinvolves reco"ni=in" te #ark aspects o; te personalit* as pres-ent an# real. Tis act is te essential con#ition ;or an* kin# o;sel;-knowle#"e' an# +t tere;ore' as a r)le' &eets wit consi#er-a>le resistance. +n#ee#' sel;-knowle#"e as a ps*co terape)tic&eas)re ;reM)entl* reM)ires &)c painstakin" work eten#in"

over a lon" perio#.

H5 Closer ea&ination o; te #ark caracteristics tat is' te+n;eriorities constit)tin" te sa#ow reveals tat te* ave ane&otional nat)re' a kin# o; a)tono&*' an# accor#in"l* an o>-sessive or' >etter' possessive M)alit*. /&otion' inci#entall*' +s

1 +nstinct an# nconscio)s an# F H,n te at)re o; te s*ce.

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2 Te contents o; tis an# te ;ollowin" capter are taken ;ro& alect)re #eliv-ere# to te Swiss Societ* ;or ractical s*colo"*' in @)ric' 19F8.Te &aterialwas ;irst p)>lise# in te iener @eitscri;t ;)r erveneilk)n#e )n##erenGren="e>iete' + (19F8? < F.

8

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not an activit* o; te in#ivi#)al >)t so&etin" tat appens toi&. $;;ects occ)r )s)all* were a#aptation is weakest' an# atte sa&e ti&e te* reveal te reason ;or its weakness' na&el* acertain #e"ree o; in;eriorit* an# te eistence o; a lower level

o; personalit*. ,n tis lower level wit its )ncontrolle# orscarcel* controlle# e&otions one >eaves &ore or less like apri&itive' wo is not onl* te passive victi& o; is a;;ects >)talso sin")larl* incapa>le o; &oral )#"&ent.

16 $lto)"' wit insi"t an# "oo# will' te sa#ow can toso&e etent >e assi&ilate# into te conscio)s personalit*' epe-rience sows tat tere are certain ;eat)res wic o;;er te &osto>stinate resistance to &oral control an# prove al&ost i&pos-si>le to in;l)ence. Tese resistances are )s)all* >o)n# )p witproections'' wic are not reco"ni=e# as s)c' an# teir reco"ni-tion is a &oral acieve&ent >e*on# te or#inar*. ile so&etraits pec)liar to te sa#ow can >e reco"ni=e# wito)t too&)c #i;;ic)lt* as oneAs own personal M)alities' in tis case >otinsi"t an# "oo# will are )navailin" >eca)se te ca)se o; tee&otion appears to lie' >e*on# all possi>ilit* o; #o)>t' in teoter person. o &atter ow o>vio)s it &a* >e to te ne)tralo>server tat it is a &atter o; proections' tere is little opetat te s)>ect will perceive tis i&sel;. 4e &)st >e con-vince# tat e trows a ver* lon" sa#ow >e;ore e is willin" towit#raw is e&otionall*- tone# proections ;ro& teir o>ect.

H7 et )s s)ppose tat a certain in#ivi#)al sows no inclina-tion watever to reco"ni=e is proections. Te proection-&ak-in" ;actor ten as a ;ree an# an# can reali=e its o>ect i; it asone or >rin" a>o)t so&e oter sit)ation caracteristic o; itspower. $s we know' it is not te conscio)s s)>ect >)t te

)nconscio)s wic #oes te proectin". 4ence one &eets witproections' one #oes not &ake te&. Te e;;ect o; proection isto isolate te s)>ect ;ro& is environ&ent' since instea# o; areal relation to it tere is now onl* an ill)sor* one. roectionscan"e te worl# into te replica o; oneAs own )nknown ;ace. +nte last anal*sis' tere;ore' te* lea# to an a)toerotic or a)tisticcon#ition in wic one #rea&s a worl# wose realit* re&ains;orever )nattaina>le. Te res)ltant senti&ent #Ainco&plet)#ean# te still worse ;eelin" o; sterilit* are in teir t)rn eplaine#>* proection as te &alevolence o; te environ&ent' an# >*

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&eans o; tis vicio)s circle te isolation is intensi;ie#. Te &ore

$+,

proections are tr)st +n >etween te s)>ect an# te environ-&ent' te ar#er it is ;or te e"o to see tro)" its ill)sions. $;ort*-;ive-*ear-ol# patient wo a# s);;ere# ;ro& a co&p)lsionne)rosis since e was twent* an# a# >eco&e co&pletel* c)t o;;;ro& te worl# once sai# to &e< )t + can never a#&it to &*-sel; tat +Ave waste# te >est twent*-;ive *ears o; &* li;eO

18 +t is o;ten tra"ic to see ow >latantl* a &an >)n"les is ownli;e an# te lives o; oters *et re&ains totall* incapa>le o; see-in" ow &)c te wole tra"e#* ori"inates in i&sel;' an# owe contin)all* ;ee#s it an# keeps it "oin". ot conscio)sl*' o;co)rse;or conscio)sl* e is en"a"e# in >ewailin" an# c)rsin" a;aitless worl# tat rece#es ;)rter an# ;)rter into te #is-tance. %ater' it is an )nconscio)s ;actor wic spins te ill)-

sions tat veil is worl#. $n# wat is >ein" sp)n is a cocoon'wic in te en# will co&pletel* envelop i&.

H9 ,ne &i"t ass)&e tat proections like tese' wic are sover* #i;;ic)lt i; not i&possi>le to #issolve' wo)l# >elon" to tereal& o; te sa#ow tat is' to te ne"ative si#e o; te person-alit*. Tis ass)&ption >eco&es )ntena>le a;ter a certain point'>eca)se te s*&>ols tat ten appear no lon"er re;er to tesa&e >)t to te opposite se' in a &anAs case to a wo&an an#vice versa. Te so)rce o; proections is no lon"er te sa#owwic is alwa*s o; te sa&e se as te s)>ect >)t a contrase)al;i")re. 4ere we &eet te ani&)s o; a wo&an an# te ani&a o; a&an' two correspon#in" arcet*pes wose a)tono&* an# )ncon-scio)sness eplain te st)>>ornness o; teir proections. To)"te sa#ow is a &oti; as well known to &*tolo"* as ani&a an#ani&)s' it represents ;irst an# ;ore&ost te personal )ncon-scio)s' an# its content can tere;ore >e &a#e conscio)s wito)ttoo &)c #i;;ic)lt*. +n tis it #i;;ers ;ro& ani&a an# ani&)s';or wereas te sa#ow can >e seen tro)" an# reco"ni=e#;airl* easil*' te ani&a an# ani&)s are &)c ;)rter awa* ;ro&conscio)sness an# in nor&al circ)&stances are sel#o& i; everreali=e#. it a little sel;-criticis& one can see tro)" tesa#ow so ;ar as its nat)re is personal. )t wen it appears asan arcet*pe' one enco)nters te sa&e #i;;ic)lties as wit ani&aan# ani&)s. +n oter wor#s' it is M)ite witin te >o)n#s o;possi>ilit* ;or a &an to reco"ni=e te relative evil o; is nat)re'>)t it is a rare an# satterin" eperience ;or i& to "a=e into

te ;ace o; a>sol)te evil.

1E

+ll

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2E at' ten' is tis proection-&akin" ;actorP Te /ast callsit te Spinnin" o&an l !a*a' wo creates ill)sion >* er#ancin". 4a# we not lon" since known it ;ro& te s*&>olis&o; #rea&s' tis int ;ro& te ,rient wo)l# p)t )s on te ri"ttrack< te envelopin"' e&>racin"' an# #evo)rin" ele&ent points)n&istaka>l* to te &oter' 2 tat is' to te sonAs relation to tereal &oter' to er i&a"o' an# to te wo&an wo is to >eco&ea &oter ;or i&. 4is /ros is passive like a cil#AsB e opes to>e ca)"t' s)cke# in' envelope#' an# #evo)re#. 4e seeks' as itwere' te protectin"' no)risin"' car&e# circle o; te &oter'te con#ition o; te in;ant release# ;ro& ever* care' in wicte o)tsi#e worl# >en#s over i& an# even ;orces appiness)pon i&. o won#er te real worl# vanises ;ro& si"tO

21 +; tis sit)ation is #ra&ati=e#' as te )nconscio)s )s)all*#ra&ati=es it' ten tere appears >e;ore *o) on te ps*colo"icalsta"e a &an livin" re"ressivel*' seekin" is cil#oo# an# is&oter' ;leein" ;ro& a col# cr)el worl# wic #enies i& )n#er-stan#in". ,;ten a &oter appears >esi#e i& wo apparentl*sows not te sli"test concern tat er little son so)l# >eco&e

a &an' >)t wo' wit tireless an# sel;-i&&olatin" e;;ort' ne"lectsnotin" tat &i"t in#er i& ;ro& "rowin" )p an# &arr*in".o) >eol# te secret conspirac* >etween &oter an# son' an#ow eac elps te oter to >etra* li;e.

22 ere #oes te ")ilt lieP it te &oter' or wit te sonPro>a>l* wit >ot. Te )nsatis;ie# lon"in" o; te son ;or li;ean# te worl# o)"t to >e taken serio)sl*. Tere is in i& a

1 /rwin %o)sselle' Seelisce tir)n" i& le>en#en Taois&)s' +. +'pp. 15E' 17E.%o)sselle calls te spinnin" wo&an te ani&al so)l. Tere is a sa*in"tatr)ns' Te spinner sets in &otion. + ave #e;ine# te ani&a as apersoni;icationo; te )nconscio)s.

2 4ere an# in wat ;ollows' te wor# &oter is not &eant in teliteral sense>)t as a s*&>ol o; ever*tin" tat ;)nctions as a &oter.

11

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#esire to to)c realit*' to e&>race te eart an# ;r)cti;* te;iel# o; te worl#. )t e &akes no &ore tan a series o; ;it;)lstarts' ;or is initiative as well as is sta*in" power are cripple#>* te secret &e&or* tat te worl# an# appiness &a* >e a#as a "i;t;ro& te &oter. Te ;ra"&ent o; worl# wic e' likeever* &an' &)st enco)nter a"ain an# a"ain is never M)ite teri"t one' since it #oes not ;all into is lap' #oes not &eet i&al; wa*' >)t re&ains resistant' as to >e conM)ere#' an# s)>-&its onl* to ;orce. +t &akes #e&an#s on te &asc)linit* o; a&an' on is ar#o)r' a>ove all on is co)ra"e an# resol)tion

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wen it co&es to trowin" is wole >ein" into te scales. ortis e wo)l# nee# a ;aitless /ros' one capa>le o; ;or"ettin" is&oter an# )n#er"oin" te pain o; relinM)isin" te ;irst loveo; is li;e. Te &oter' ;oreseein" tis #an"er' as care;)ll* in-c)lcate# into i& te virt)es o; ;ait;)lness' #evotion' lo*alt*'so as to protect i& ;ro& te &oral #isr)ption wic is te risko; ever* li;e a#vent)re. 4e as learnt tese lessons onl* too well'an# re&ains tr)e to is &oter. Tis nat)rall* ca)ses er te#eepest aniet* (wen' to er "reater "lor*' e t)rns o)t to >ea o&ose)al' ;or ea&ple? an# at te sa&e ti&e a;;or#s er an)nconscio)s satis;action tat is positivel* &*tolo"ical. or' inte relationsip now rei"nin" >etween te&' tere is cons)&-&ate# te i&&e&orial an# &ost sacre# arcet*pe o; te &ar-ria"e o; &oter an# son. at' a;ter all' as co&&onplacerealit* to o;;er' wit its re"istr* o;;ices' pa* envelopes' an#&ontl* rent' tat co)l# o)twei" te &*stic awe o; te ieros"a&esP ,r te star-crowne# wo&an wo& te #ra"on p)rs)es'or te pio)s o>sc)rities veilin" te &arria"e o; te a&>P

23 Tis &*t' >etter tan an* oter' ill)strates te nat)re o

te collective )nconscio)s. $t tis level te &oter is >ot ol#an# *o)n"' 0e&eter an# ersepone' an# te son is spo)se an#sleepin" s)cklin" rolle# into one. Te i&per;ections o; real li;e'wit its la>orio)s a#aptations an# &ani;ol# #isappoint&ents'nat)rall* cannot co&pete wit s)c a state o; in#escri>a>le ;)l-;il&ent.

2F +n te case o; te son' te proection-&akin" ;actor is i#en-tical wit te &oter-i&a"o' an# tis is conseM)entl* taken to>e te real &oter. Te proection can onl* >e #issolve# wente son sees tat in te real& o; is ps*ce tere is an i&a"e notonl* o; te &oter >)t o; te #a)"ter' te sister' te >elove#'

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te eavenl* "o##ess' an# te ctonic a)>o. /ver* &oteran# ever* >elove# is ;orce# to >eco&e te carrier an# e&>o#i-&ent o; tis o&nipresent an# a"eless i&a"e' wic correspon#sto te #eepest realit* in a &an. +t >elon"s to i&' tis perilo)si&a"e o; o&anB se stan#s ;or te lo*alt* wic in te inter-ests o; li;e e &)st so&eti&es ;or"oB se is te &)c nee#e#co&pensation ;or te risks' str)""les' sacri;ices tat all en# in#isappoint&entB se is te solace ;or all te >itterness o; li;e.

$n#' at te sa&e ti&e' se is te "reat ill)sionist' te se#)ctress'wo #raws i& into li;e wit er !a*a an# not onl* into li;eAsreasona>le an# )se;)l aspects' >)t into its ;ri"t;)l para#oesan# a&>ivalences were "oo# an# evil' s)ccess an# r)in' opean# #espair' co)nter>alance one anoter. eca)se se is is"reatest #an"er se #e&an#s ;ro& a &an is "reatest' an# i; eas it in i& se will receive it.

25 Tis i&a"e is !* a#* So)l' as Spitteler calle# er. + aves)""este# instea# te ter& ani&a' as in#icatin" so&etin"

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speci;ic' ;or wic te epression so)l is too "eneral an# toova")e. Te e&pirical realit* s)&&e# )p )n#er te concept o;te ani&a ;or&s an etre&el* #ra&atic content o; te )ncon-scio)s. +t is possi>le to #escri>e tis content in rational' scien-ti;ic lan")a"e' >)t in tis wa* one entirel* ;ails to epress itslivin" caracter. Tere;ore' in #escri>in" te livin" processes o;te ps*ce' + #eli>eratel* an# conscio)sl* "ive pre;erence toa #ra&atic' &*tolo"ical wa* o; tinkin" an# speakin"' >eca)setis is not onl* &ore epressive >)t also &ore eact tan ana>stract scienti;ic ter&inolo"*' wic is wont to to* wit tenotion tat its teoretic ;or&)lations &a* one ;ine #a* >eresolve# into al"e>raic eM)ations.

26 Te proection-&akin" ;actor is te ani&a' or rater te)nconscio)s as represente# >* te ani&a. enever se appears'in #rea&s' visions' an# ;antasies' se takes on personi;ie# ;or&'t)s #e&onstratin" tat te ;actor se e&>o#ies possesses all teo)tstan#in" caracteristics o; a ;e&inine >ein". 3 Se is not aninvention o; te conscio)s' >)t a spontaneo)s pro#)ct o; te

3 at)rall*' se is a t*pical ;i")re in >elles-lettres. %ecentp)>lications on tes)>ect o; te ani&a incl)#e in#a ier=-0avi#' Te 0rea& o; olipilo'an# &*s*colo"* o; te Trans;erence. Te ani&a as a ps*colo"ical i#ea;irst appearsin te i6t-cent. )&anist %icar#)s :it)s. C;. ni* !*steri)&Coni)nctionis'Te %i##le o; olo"na.

$+,

)nconscio)s. or is se a s)>stit)te ;i")re ;or te &oter. ,nte contrar*' tere is ever* likelioo# tat te n)&ino)s M)ali-ties wic &ake te &oter-i&a"o so #an"ero)sl* power;)l#erive ;ro& te collective arcet*pe o; te ani&a' wic is in-carnate# anew in ever* &ale cil#.

2 7 Since te ani&a is an arcet*pe tat is ;o)n# in &en' it isreasona>le to s)ppose tat an eM)ivalent arcet*pe &)st >epresent in wo&enB ;or )st as te &an is co&pensate# >* a;e&inine ele&ent' so wo&an is co&pensate# >* a &asc)lineone. + #o not' owever' wis tis ar")&ent to "ive Qe i&pres-sion tat tese co&pensator* relationsips were arrive# at >*#e#)ction. ,n te contrar*' lon" an# varie# eperience was

nee#e# in or#er to "rasp te nat)re o; ani&a an# ani&)s e&-piricall*. atever we ave to sa* a>o)t tese arcet*pes' tere-;ore' is eiter #irectl* veri;ia>le or at least ren#ere# pro>a>le>* te ;acts. $t te sa&e ti&e' + a& ;)ll* aware tat we are #is-c)ssin" pioneer work wic >* its ver* nat)re can onl* >eprovisional.

28 J)st as te &oter see&s to >e te ;irst carrier o; te proec-tion-&akin" ;actor ;or te son' so is te ;ater ;or te #a)"ter.ractical eperience o; tese relationsips is &a#e )p o; &an*

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in#ivi#)al cases presentin" all kin#s o; variations on te sa&e>asic te&e. $ concise #escription o; te& can' tere;ore' >eno &ore tan sce&atic.

29 o&an is co&pensate# >* a &asc)line ele&ent an# tere-;ore er )nconscio)s as' so to speak' a &asc)line i&print. Tisres)lts in a consi#era>le ps*colo"ical #i;;erence >etween &enan# wo&en' an# accor#in"l* + ave calle# te proection-&ak-in" ;actor in wo&en te ani&)s' wic &eans &in# or spirit.Te ani&)s correspon#s to te paternal o"os )st as teani&a correspon#s to te &aternal /ros. )t + #o not wis orinten# to "ive tese two int)itive concepts too speci;ic a #e;ini-tion. + )se /ros an# o"os &erel* as concept)al ai#s to #escri>ete ;act tat wo&anAs conscio)sness is caracteri=e# &ore >*te connective M)alit* o; /ros tan >* te #iscri&ination an#co"nition associate# wit o"os. +n &en' /ros' te ;)nction o;relationsip' is )s)all* less #evelope# tan o"os. +n wo&en' onte oter an#' /ros is an epression o; teir tr)e nat)re' wileteir o"os is o;ten onl* a re"retta>le acci#ent. +t "ives rise to&is)n#erstan#in"s an# anno*in" interpretations in te ;a&il*

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circle an# a&on" ;rien#s. Tis is >eca)se it consists o; opinionsinstea# o; re;lections' an# >* opinions + &ean a priori ass)&p-tions tat la* clai& to a>sol)te tr)t. S)c ass)&ptions' asever*one knows' can >e etre&el* irritatin". $s te ani&)s ispartial to ar")&ent' e can >est >e seen at work in #isp)teswere >ot parties know te* are ti"t. !en can ar")e in a ver*wo&anis wa*' too' wen te* are ani&a-possesse# an# avet)s >een trans;or&e# into te ani&)s o; teir own ani&a.it te& te M)estion >eco&es one o; personal vanit* an#to)ciness (as i; te* were ;e&ales?B wit wo&en it is a M)estiono; power' weter o; tr)t or )stice or so&e oter is& ;orte #ress&aker an# air#resser ave alrea#* taken care o; teirvanit*. Te ater (i.e.' te s)& o; conventional opinions?alwa*s pla*s a "reat role in ;e&ale ar")&entation. o &atterow ;rien#l* an# o>li"in" a wo&anAs /ros &a* >e' no lo"ic oneart can sake er i; se is ri##en >* te ani&)s. ,;ten te&an as te ;eelin"an# e is not alto"eter wron" tat onl*se#)ction or a >eatin" or rape wo)l# ave te necessar* powero; pers)asion. 4e is )naware tat tis i"l* #ra&atic sit)a-tion wo)l# instantl* co&e to a >anal an# )necitin" en# i; e

were to M)it te ;iel# an# let a secon# wo&an carr* on te >attle(is wi;e' ;or instance' i; se ersel; is not te ;ier* war orse?.Tis so)n# i#ea sel#o& or never occ)rs to i&' >eca)se no &ancan converse wit an ani&)s ;or ;ive &in)tes wito)t >eco&-in" te victi& o; is own ani&a. $n*one wo still a# eno)"sense o; )&o)r to listen o>ectivel* to te ens)in" #ialo")ewo)l# >e sta""ere# >* te vast n)&>er o; co&&onplaces' &is-applie# tr)is&s' clices ;ro& newspapers an# novels' sop-soile# platit)#es o; ever* #escription intersperse# wit v)l"ara>)se an# >rain-splittin" lack o; lo"ic. +t is a #ialo")e wic'

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irrespective o; its participants' is repeate# &illions an# &illionso; ti&es in all te lan")a"es o; te worl# an# alwa*s re&ainsessentiall* te sa&e.

3 Tis sin")lar ;act is #)e to te ;ollowin" circ)&stancerin" it closer to te co&&on instinct)al >asis' wic nolon"er as an*tin" in#ivi#)al a>o)t it. :er* o;ten te rela-tionsip r)ns its co)rse ee#less o; its )&an per;or&ers' woa;terwar#s #o not know wat appene# to te&.

32 ereas te clo)# o; ani&osit* s)rro)n#in" te &an isco&pose# cie;l* o; senti&entalit* an# resent&ent' in wo&an itepresses itsel; in te ;or& o; opinionate# views' interpreta-tions' insin)ations' an# &isconstr)ctions' wic all ave tep)rpose (so&eti&es attaine#? o; severin" te relation >etweentwo )&an >ein"s. Te wo&an' like te &an' >eco&es wrappe#in a veil o; ill)sions >* er #e&on-;a&iliar' an#' as te #a)"terwo alone )n#erstan#s er ;ater (tat is' is eternall* ri"t inever*tin"?' se is translate# to te lan# o; seep' were se isp)t to "ra=e >* te seper# o; er so)l' te ani&)s.

33 ike te ani&a' te ani&)s too as a positive aspect.Tro)" te ;i")re o; te ;ater e epresses not onl* conven-tional opinion >)teM)all* wat we call spirit' pilosopicalor reli"io)s i#eas in partic)lar' or rater te attit)#e res)ltin";ro& te&. T)s te ani&)s is a ps*copo&p' a &e#iator >e-tween te conscio)s an# te )nconscio)s an# a personi;ication

o; te latter. J)st as te ani&a >eco&es' tro)" inte"ration'te /ros o; conscio)sness' so te ani&)s >eco&es a o"osB an#in te sa&e wa* tat te ani&a "ives relationsip an# relate#-ness to a &anAs conscio)sness' te ani&)s "ives to wo&anAsconscio)sness a capacit* ;or re;lection' #eli>eration' an# sel;-knowle#"e.

3F Te e;;ect o; ani&a an# ani&)s on te e"o is in principlete sa&e. Tis e;;ect is etre&el* #i;;ic)lt to eli&inate >eca)se'in te ;irst place' it is )nco&&onl* stron" an# i&&e#iatel* ;ills

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te e"o-personalit* wit an )nsaka>le ;eelin" o li"tness an#ri"teo)sness. +n te secon# place' te ca)se o; te e;;ect is pro-ecte# an# appears to lie in o>ects an# o>ective sit)ations.ot tese caracteristics can' + >elieve' >e trace# >ack to tepec)liarities o; te arcet*pe. or te arcet*pe' o; co)rse' eists

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a priori. Tis &a* possi>l* eplain te o;ten totall* irrational*et )n#isp)te# an# in#isp)ta>le eistence o; certain &oo#s an#opinions. eraps tese are so notorio)sl* #i;;ic)lt to in;l)ence>eca)se o; te power;)ll* s)""estive e;;ect e&anatin" ;ro& tearcet*pe. Conscio)sness is ;ascinate# >* it' el# captive' as i;*pnoti=e#. :er* o;ten te e"o eperiences a va")e ;eelin" o;

&oral #e;eat an# ten >eaves all te &ore #e;ensivel*' #e-;iantl*' an# sel;-ri"teo)sl*' t)s settin" )p a vicio)s circlewic onl* increases its ;eelin" o; in;eriorit*. Te >otto& isten knocke# o)t o; te )&an relationsip' ;or' like &e"alo-&ania' a ;eelin" o; in;eriorit* &akes &)t)al reco"nition i&-possi>le' an# wito)t tis tere is no relationsip.35 $s + sai#' it is easier to "ain insi"t into te sa#ow taninto te ani&a or ani&)s. it te sa#ow' we ave te a#van-ta"e o; >ein" prepare# in so&e sort >* o)r e#)cation' wicas alwa*s en#eavo)re# to convince people tat te* are notone-)n#re#-per-cent p)re "ol#. So ever*one i&&e#iatel* )n-#erstan#s wat is &eant >* sa#ow' in;erior personalit*'etc. $n# i; e as ;or"otten' is &e&or* can easil* >e re;rese#>* a S)n#a* ser&on' is wi;e' or te ta collector. it teani&a an# ani&)s' owever' tin"s are >* no &eans so si&ple.irstl*' tere is no &oral e#)cation in tis respect' an# secon#l*'&ost people are content to >e sel;-ri"teo)s an# pre;er &)t)alvili;ication (i; notin" worseO? to te reco"nition o; teir pro-ections. +n#ee#' it see&s a ver* nat)ral state o; a;;airs ;or &ento ave irrational &oo#s an# wo&en irrational opinions. re-s)&a>l* tis sit)ation is "ro)n#e# on instinct an# &)st re&ainas it is to ens)re tat te /&pe#oclean "a&e o; te ate an#love o; te ele&ents sall contin)e ;or all eternit*. at)re isconservative an# #oes not easil* allow er co)rses to >e altere#Bse #e;en#s in te &ost st)>>orn wa* te inviola>ilit* o; tepreserves were ani&a an# ani&)s roa&. 4ence it is &)c &ore#i;;ic)lt to >eco&e conscio)s o; oneAs ani&aKani&)s proections

tan to acknowle#"e oneAs sa#ow si#e. ,ne as' o; co)rse' tooverco&e certain &oral o>stacles' s)c as vanit*' a&>ition' con-ceit' resent&ent' etc.' >)t in te case o; proections all sorts o;p)rel* intellect)al #i;;ic)lties are a##e#' M)ite apart ;ro& tecontents o; te proection' wic one si&pl* #oesnAt know owto cope wit. $n# on top o; all tis tere arises a pro;o)n##o)>t as to weter one is not &e##lin" too &)c wit nat)reAs

17

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$+,

>)siness >* pro##in" into conscio)sness tin"s wic it wo)l#ave >een >etter to leave asleep.

36 $lto)" tere are' in &* eperience' a ;air n)&>er o; peo-ple wo can )n#erstan# wito)t special intellect)al or &oral#i;;ic)lties wat is &eant >* ani&a an# ani&)s' one ;in#s ver*&an* &ore wo ave te "reatest tro)>le in vis)ali=in" tesee&pirical concepts as an*tin" concrete. Tis sows tat te*;all a little o)tsi#e te )s)al ran"e o; eperience. Te* are)npop)lar precisel* >eca)se te* see& )n;a&iliar. Te conse-M)ence is tat te* &o>ili=e pre)#ice an# >eco&e ta>oo likeever*tin" else tat is )nepecte#.

37 So i; we set it )p as a kin# o; reM)ire&ent tat proectionsso)l# >e #issolve#' >eca)se it is woleso&er tat wa* an# inever* respect &ore a#vanta"eo)s' we are enterin" )pon new

"ro)n#. p till now ever*>o#* as >een convince# tat te i#ea&* ;ater' &* &oter' etc.' is notin" >)t a ;ait;)l re;lec-tion o; te real parent' correspon#in" in ever* #etail to teori"inal' so tat wen so&eone sa*s &* ;ater e &eans no&ore an# no less tan wat is ;ater is in realit*. Tis is act)-all* wat e s)pposes e #oes &ean' >)t a s)pposition o; i#en-tit* >* no &eans >rin"s tat i#entit* a>o)t. Tis is were te;allac* o; te enkekal*&&enos (Ate veile# oneA? co&es in. F +;one incl)#es in te ps*colo"ical eM)ation As pict)re o; is;ater' wic e takes ;or te real ;ater' te eM)ation will notwork o)t' >eca)se te )nknown M)antit* e as intro#)ce# #oesnot tall* wit realit*. as overlooke# te ;act tat is i#ea o;a person consists' in te ;irst place' o; te possi>l* ver* inco&-plete pict)re e as receive# o; te real person an#' in te sec-on# place' o; te s)>ective &o#i;ications e as i&pose# )pontis pict)re. As i#ea o; is ;ater is a co&ple M)antit* ;orwic te real ;ater is onl* in part responsi>le' an in#e;initel*lar"e sare ;allin" to te son. So tr)e is tis tat ever* ti&e ecritici=es or praises is ;ater e is )nconscio)sl* ittin" >ackat i&sel;' tere>* >rin"in" a>o)t tose ps*cic conseM)encestat overtake people wo a>it)all* #ispara"e or overpraisete&selves. +;' owever' care;)ll* co&pares is reactions witrealit*' e stan#s a cance o; noticin" tat e as &iscalc)late#

F Te ;allac*' wic ste&s ;ro& /)>)li#cs te !e"arian' r)ns< Can *o)reco"-ni=e *o)r ;aterP es. Can *o) reco"ni=e tis veile# oneP o' Tis

veile# oneis *o)r ;ater. 4ence *o) can reco"ni=e *o)r ;ater an# not reco"ni=ei&'

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scio)s tro)" to te conscio)s &in#. Te* appear or >eaveas s)c' owever' onl* so lon" as te ten#encies o; te conscio)san# )nconscio)s #o not #iver"e too "reatl*. So)l# an* tensionarise' tese ;)nctions' ar&less till ten' con;ront te conscio)s&in# in personi;ie# ;or& an# >eave rater like s*ste&s splito;; ;ro& te personalit*' or like part so)ls. Tis co&parison isina#eM)ate in so ;ar as notin" previo)sl* >elon"in" to te e"o-personalit* as split o;; ;ro& itB on te contrar*' te two ;i")resrepresent a #ist)r>in" accretion. Te reason ;or teir >eavin"in tis wa* is tat to)" te contents o; ani&a an# ani&)s can>e inte"rate# te* te&selves cannot' since te* are arcet*pes.$s s)c te* are te ;o)n#ation stones o; te ps*cic str)ct)re'wic in its totalit* ecee#s te li&its o; conscio)sness an#tere;ore can never >eco&e te o>ect o; #irect co"nition.To)" te e;;ects o; ani&a an# ani&)s can >e &a#e conscio)s'te* te&selves are ;actors transcen#in" conscio)sness an# >e-*on# te reac o; perception an# volition. 4ence te* re&aina)tono&o)s #espite te inte"ration o; teir contents' an# ;ortis reason te* so)l# >e >orne constantl* in &in#. Tis isetre&el* i&portant ;ro& te terape)tic stan#point' >eca)se

constant o>servation pa*s te )nconscio)s a tri>)te tat &oreor less ")arantees its co-operation. Te )nconscio)s as we knowcan never >e #one wit once an# ;or all. +t is' in ;act' one o;te &ost i&portant tasks o; ps*cic *"iene to pa* contin)alattention to te s*&pto&atolo"* o; )nconscio)s contents an#processes' ;or te "oo# reason tat te conscio)s &in# is alwa*sin #an"er o; >eco&in" one-si#e#' o; keepin" to well-worn patsan# "ettin" st)ck in >lin# alle*s. Te co&ple&entar* an# co&-pensatin" ;)nction o; te )nconscio)s ens)res tat tese clan-"ers' wic are especiall* "reat in ne)rosis' can in so&e &eas)re>e avoi#e#. +t is onl* )n#er i#eal con#itions' wen li;e is stillsi&ple an# )nconscio)s eno)" to ;ollow te serpentine pat o;instinct wito)t esitation or &is"ivin"' tat te co&pensationworks wit entire s)ccess. Te &ore civili=e#' te &ore )ncon-

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scio)s an# co&plicate# a &an is' te less e is a>le to ;ollow isinstincts. 4is co&plicate# livin" con#itions an# te in;l)enceo; is environ&ent are so stron" tat te* #rown te M)iet voiceo; nat)re. ,pinions' >elie;s' teories' an# collective ten#encies

appear in its stea# an# >ack )p all te a>errations o; te con-scio)s &in#. 0eli>erate attention so)l# ten >e "iven to te)nconscio)s so tat te co&pensation can set to work. 4ence itis especiall* i&portant to pict)re te arcet*pes o; te )ncon-scio)s not as a r)sin" pantas&a"oria o; ;)"itive i&a"es >)t asconstant' a)tono&o)s ;actors' wic in#ee# te* are.F 1 ot tese arcet*pes' as practical eperience sows' possessa ;atalit* tat can on occasion pro#)ce tra"ic res)lts. Te* areM)ite literall* te ;ater an# &oter o; all te #isastro)s entan-"le&ents o; ;ate an# ave lon" >een reco"ni=e# as s)c >* te

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wole worl#. To"eter te* ;or& a #ivine pair' 5 one o; wo&'in accor#ance wit is o"os nat)re' is caracteri=e# >* pne)&aan# no)s' rater like 4er&es wit is ever-si;tin" )es' wilete oter' in accor#ance wit er /ros nat)re' wears te ;eat)reso; $pro#ite' 4elen (Selene?' ersepone' an# 4ecate. ot o;te& are )nconscio)s powers' "o#s in ;act' as te ancientworl# M)ite ri"tl* conceive# te& to >e. To call te& >* tisna&e is to "ive te& tat central position in te scale o;ps*colo"ical val)es wic as alwa*s >een teirs weter con-scio)sl* acknowle#"e# or notB ;or teir power "rows in propor-tion to te #e"ree tat te* re&ain )nconscio)s. Tose wo #onot see te& are in teir an#s' )st as a t*p)s epi#e&ic ;lo)r-ises >est wen its so)rce is )n#iscovere#. /ven in Cristianit*te #ivine s*=*"* as not >eco&e o>solete' >)t occ)pies tei"est place as Crist an# is >ri#e te C)rc. 6 arallels liketese prove etre&el* elp;)l in o)r atte&pts to ;in# te ri"t

5 at)rall* tis is not &eant as a ps*colo"ical #e;inition' let alonea &etap*si-cal one. $s + pointe# o)t in Te %elations >etween te /"o an# te

ncon-scio)s (pp. i86;;.?' te s*=*"* consists o; tree ele&ents< te;e&ininit* pertainin"to te &an an# te &asc)linit* pertainin" to te wo&anB te eperiencewic&an as o; wo&an an# vice versaB an#' ;inall*' te &asc)line an#;e&inine arce-t*pal i&a"e. Te ;irst two ele&ents can >e inte"rate# into tepersonalit* >* teprocess o; conscio)s reali=ation' >)t te last one cannot.

6 or te Script)re sa*s' Go# &a#e &an &ale an# ;e&aleB te &ale isCrist'te ;e&ale is te C)rc.RSecon# /pistle o; Cle&ent to teCorintians' iv' 2(trans' >* ake' +' p. 151?. +n pictorial representations' !ar* o;tentakes te placeo; te C)rc.

21

$+,

criterion ;or "a)"in" te si"ni;icance o; tese two arcet*pes.at we can #iscover a>o)t te& ;ro& te conscio)s si#e is so

sli"t as to >e al&ost i&percepti>le. +t is onl* wen we trowli"t into te #ark #epts o; te ps*ce an# eplore te stran"ean# tort)o)s pats o; )&an ;ate tat it "ra#)all* >eco&es clearto )s ow i&&ense is te in;l)ence wiel#e# >* tese two ;actorstat co&ple&ent o)r conscio)s li;e.

F2 %ecapit)latin"' + so)l# like to e&pasi=e tat te inte"ra-tion o; te sa#ow' or te reali=ation o; te personal )ncon-scio)s' &arks te ;irst sta"e in te anal*tic process' an# tat wit-o)t it a reco"nition o; ani&a an# ani&)s is i&possi>le. Te

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sa#ow can >e reali=e# onl* tro)" a relation to a partner' an#ani&a an# ani&)s onl* tro)" a relation to te opposite se'>eca)se onl* in s)c a relation #o teir proections >eco&eoperative. Te reco"nition o; ani&a or ani&)s "ives rise' in a&an' to a tria#' one tir# o; wic is transcen#ent< te &asc)-line s)>ect' te opposin" ;e&inine s)>ect' an# te tran-scen#ent ani&a. it a wo&an te sit)ation is reverse#. Te&issin" ;o)rt ele&ent tat wo)l# &ake te tria# a M)aternit*is' in a &an' te arcet*pe o; te ise ,l# !an' wic + avenot #isc)sse# ere' an# in a wo&an te Ctonic !oter.Tese ;o)r constit)te a al; i&&anent an# al; transcen#entM)aternit*' an arcet*pe wic + ave calle# te A&arria"eM)aternio. 7 Te &arria"e M)aternio provi#es a sce&a notonl* ;or te sel; >)t also ;or te str)ct)re o; pri&itive societ*wit its cross-co)sin &arria"e' &arria"e classes' an# #ivision o;settle&ents into M)arters. Te sel;' on te oter an#' is a Go#-i&a"e' or at least cannot >e #istin")ise# ;ro& one. ,; tis teearl* Cristian spirit was not i"norant' oterwise Cle&ent o$lean#ria co)l# never ave sai# tat e wo knows i&sel;knows Go#. 8

7 s*colo"* o; te Trans;erence' pp. 21 i;;. C;. in;ra' te aassencM)aternio t8 C;. in;ra' par. 3F7.

+:

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F3 e sall now t)rn to te M)estion o; weter te increasein sel;-knowle#"e res)ltin" ;ro& te wit#rawal o; i&personalproections in oter wor#s' te inte"ration o; te contents o;te collective )nconscio)s eerts a speci;ic in;l)ence on te e"o-personalit*. To te etent tat te inte"rate# contents are partso; te sel;' we can epect tis in;l)ence to >e consi#era>le.Teir assi&ilation a)"&ents not onl* te area o; te ;iel# o;conscio)sness >)t also te i&portance o; te e"o' especiall*wen' as )s)all* appens' te e"o lacks an* critical approac tote )nconscio)s. +n tat case it is easil* overpowere# an# >e-co&es i#entical wit te contents tat ave >een assi&ilate#.+n tis wa*' ;or instance' a &asc)line conscio)sness co&es )n#erte in;l)ence o; te ani&a an# can even >e possesse# >* er.

FF + ave #isc)sse# te wi#er e;;ects o; te inte"ration o; )n-conscio)s contents elsewere 2 an# can tere;ore o&it "oin" into

#etails ere. + so)l# onl* like to &ention tat te &ore n)&er-o)s an# te &ore si"ni;icant te )nconscio)s contents wic areassi&ilate# to te e"o' te closer te approi&ation o; te e"oto te sel;' even to)" tis approi&ation &)st >e a never-en#in" process. Tis inevita>l* pro#)ces an in;lation o; te e"o' 3)nless a critical line o; #e&arcation is #rawn >etween it an# te)nconscio)s ;i")res. )t tis act o; #iscri&ination *iel#s prac-tical res)lts onl* i; it s)ccee#s in ;iin" reasona>le >o)n#ariesto te e"o an# in "rantin" te ;i")res o; te )nconscio)s tesel;' ani&a' ani&)s' an# sa#ow relative a)tono&* an# realit*

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1 Te &aterial ;or tis capter is #rawn ;ro& a paper' tt>er #asSel>st' p)>-lise# in te /ranos-Jar>)c 19F8.

2 Te %elations >etween te /"o an# te nconscio)sKA

3 +n te sense o; te wor#s )se# in + Cor. 5io)s in itsel; >)t a positive #an"er to tewell->ein" o; te in#ivi#)al. /ver*one wo as #ealin"s wits)c cases knows ow perilo)s an in;lation can >e. o &ore tana ;li"t o; steps or a s&oot ;loor is nee#e# to precipitate a ;atal;all. esi#es te pri#e "oet >e;ore a ;all &oti; tere are oter;actors o; a no less #isa"reea>le ps*coso&atic an# ps*cicnat)re wic serve to re#)ce p);;e#-)p-ness. Tis con#itionso)l# not >e interprete# as one o; conscio)s sel;-a""ran#i=e-&ent. S)c is ;ar ;ro& >ein" te r)le. +n "eneral we are not#irectl* conscio)s o; tis con#ition at all' >)t can at >est in;erits eistence in#irectl* ;ro& te s*&pto&s. Tese incl)#e te re-actions o; o)r i&&e#iate environ&ent. +n;lation &a"ni;ies te>lin# spot in te e*e' an# te &ore we are assi&ilate# >* teproection-&akin" ;actor' te "reater >eco&es te ten#enc* toi#enti;* wit it. $ clear s*&pto& o; tis is o)r "rowin" #isin-clination to take note o; te reactions o; te environ&ent an#pa* ee# to te&.

F5 +t &)st >e reckone# a ps*cic catastrope wen te e"o isassi&ilate# >* te sel;. Te i&a"e o; woleness ten re&ainsin te )nconscio)s' so tat on te one an# it sares te arcaic

nat)re o; te )nconscio)s an# on te oter ;in#s itsel; in teps*cicall* relative space-ti&e contin))& tat is caracteristico; te )nconscio)s as s)c. F ot tese M)alities are n)&ino)san# ence ave an )nli&ite# #eter&inin" e;;ect on e"o-con-scio)sness' wic is #i;;erentiate#' i.e.' separate#' ;ro& te )n-conscio)s an# &oreover eists in an a>sol)te space an# ana>sol)te ti&e. +t is a vital necessit* tat tis so)l# >e so. +;'tere;ore' te e"o ;alls ;or an* len"t o; ti&e )n#er te controlo; an )nconscio)s ;actor' its a#aptation is #ist)r>e# an# te wa*opene# ;or all sorts o; possi>le acci#ents.

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F-6 4ence it is o; te "reatest i&portance tat te e"o so)l#>e ancore# in te worl# o; conscio)sness an# tat conscio)s-ness so)l# >e rein;orce# >* a ver* precise a#aptation. or tis'certain virt)es like attention' conscientio)sness' patience' etc.'F C;. ,n te at)re o; te s*ceHA (195FK55 e#n.' pp. F2F1.' FF-o;.?'

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are o; "reat val)e on te &oral si#e' )st as acc)rate o>servationo; te s*&pto&atolo"* o; te )nconscio)s an# o>ective sel;-criticis& are val)a>le on te intellect)al si#e.

F7 4owever' accent)ation o; te e"o personalit* an# te worl#o; conscio)sness &a* easil* ass)&e s)c proportions tat te;i")res o; te )nconscio)s are ps*colo"i=e# an# te sel; conse-

M)entl* >eco&es assi&ilate# to te e"o. $lto)" tis is teeact opposite o; te process we ave )st #escri>e# it is ;ol-lowe# >* te sa&e res)lt< in;lation. Te worl# o; conscio)sness&)st now >e levelle# #own in ;avo)r o; te realit* o; te )n-conscio)s. +n te ;irst case' realit* a# to >e protecte# a"ainst anarcaic' eternal an# AA)>iM)ito)s #rea&-stateB in te secon#'roo& &)st >e &a#e ;or te #rea& at te epense o; te worl# o;conscio)sness. +n te ;irst case' &o>ili=ation o; all te virt)es isin#icate#B in te secon#' te pres)&ption o; te e"o can onl*>e #a&pe# #own >* &oral #e;eat. Tis is necessar*' >eca)seoterwise one will never attain tat &e#ian #e"ree o; &o#est*wic is essential ;or te &aintenance o; a >alance# state. +t isnot a M)estion' as one &i"t tink' o; relain" &oralit* itsel;>)t o; &akin" a &oral e;;ort in a #i;;erent #irection. or in-stance' a &an wo is not conscientio)s eno)" as to &ake a&oral e;;ort in or#er to co&e )p to te &arkB wile ;or one wois s);;icientl* roote# in te worl# tro)" is own e;;orts it is nos&all &oral acieve&ent to in;lict #e;eat on is virt)es >*loosenin" is ties wit te worl# an# re#)cin" is a#aptive per-;or&ance. (,ne tinks in tis connection o; roter la)s' nowcanoni=e#' wo ;or te salvation o; is so)l le;t is wi;e to erown #evices' alon" wit n)&ero)s pro"en*.?

F8 Since real &oral pro>le&s all >e"in were te penal co#eleaves o;;' teir sol)tion can sel#o& or never #epen# on prece-#ent' &)c less on precepts an# co&&an#&ents. Te real &oralpro>le&s sprin" ;ro& con;licts o; #)t*. $n*one wo is s);-

;icientl* )&>le' or eas*-"oin"' can alwa*s reac a #ecision witte elp o; so&e' o)tsi#e a)torit*. )t one wo tr)sts oters aslittle as i&sel; can never reac a #ecision at all' )nless it is>ro)"t a>o)t in te &anner wic Co&&on aw calls an $cto; Go#. Te ,;or# 0ictionar* #e;ines tis concept as teaction o; )ncontrolla>le nat)ral ;orces. +n all s)c cases tereis an )nconscio)s a)torit* wic p)ts an en# to #o)>t >*creatin" a ;ait acco&pli. (+n te last anal*sis tis is tr)e also o;

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;orces tat appear in )s as i&p)lses. +n tis wa* we ;in# o)r-selves livin" in ar&on* wit te a>it)s o; o)r ancestral ps*-cic li;eB tat is' we ;)nction as &an as ;)nctione# at all ti&esan# in all places. Te eistence o; tis a>it)s proves its via->ilit*' ;or' i; it were not via>le' all tose wo o>e*e# it wo)l#lon" since ave perise# o; &ala#aptation. ,n te oter an#'>* con;or&in" to it one as a reasona>le li;e epectanc*. enan a>it)al conception ")arantees as &)c as tis tere is notonl* no "ro)n# ;or #eclarin" it incorrect >)t' on te contrar*'ever* reason to take it as tr)e or correct in te ps*colo"-ical sense. s*colo"ical tr)ts are not &etap*sical insi"tsBte* are a>it)al &o#es o; tinkin"' ;eelin"' an# >eavin"wic eperience as prove# appropriate an# )se;)l.

5 J So wen + sa* tat te i&p)lses wic we ;in# in o)rselvesso)l# >e )n#erstoo# as te will o; Go#' + wis to e&pasi=etat te* o)"t not to >e re"ar#e# as an ar>itrar* wisin" an#willin"' >)t as a>sol)tes wic one &)st learn ow to an#lecorrectl*. Te will can control te& onl* in part. +t &a* >e a>leto s)ppress te&' >)t it cannot alter teir nat)re' an# wat is

s)ppresse# co&es )p a"ain in anoter place in altere# ;or&' >)ttis ti&e loa#e# wit a resent&ent tat &akes te oterwisear&less nat)ral i&p)lse o)r ene&*. + so)l# also like te ter&Go# in te prase te will o; Go# to >e )n#erstoo# not so&)c in te Cristian sense as in te sense inten#e# >* 0ioti&a'wen se sai#< /ros' #ear Socrates' is a &i"t* #ae&on. TeGreek wor#s #ai&on an# #ai&onion epress a #eter&inin"power wic co&es )pon &an ;ro& o)tsi#e' like provi#ence or;ate' to)" te etical #ecision is le;t to &an. 4e &)st know'owever' wat e is #eci#in" a>o)t an# wat e is #oin". Ten'i; e o>e*s e is ;ollowin" not )st is own opinion' an# i; ereects e is #estro*in" not )st is own invention.

52 Te p)rel* >iolo"ical or scienti;ic stan#point ;alls sort inps*colo"* >eca)se it is' in te &ain' intellect)al onl*. Tattis so)l# >e so is not a #isa#vanta"e' since te &eto#s o;nat)ral science ave prove# o; "reat e)ristic val)e in ps*co-lo"ical researc. )t te ps*cic peno&enon cannot >e "raspe#in its totalit* >* te intellect' ;or it consists not onl* o; &ean-in" >)t also o; val)e.' an# tis #epen#s on te intensit* o; te

27

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acco&pan*in" ;eelin"-tones. 4ence at least te two rational;)nctions 5 are nee#e# in or#er to &ap o)t an*tin" like a co&-plete #ia"ra& o; a "iven ps*cic content.

53 +;' tere;ore' in #ealin" wit ps*cic contents one &akesallowance not onl* ;or intellect)al )#"&ents >)t ;or val)e)#"&ents as well' not onl* is te res)lt a &ore co&plete pict)reo; te content in M)estion' >)t one also "ets a >etter i#ea o; te

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partic)lar position it ol#s in te ierarc* o; ps*cic contentsin "eneral. Te ;eelin"-val)e is a ver* i&portant criterion wicps*colo"* cannot #o wito)t' >eca)se it #eter&ines in lar"e&eas)re te role wic te content will pla* in te ps*cicecono&*. Tat is to sa*' te a;;ective val)e "ives te &eas)re o;te intensit* o; an i#ea' an# te intensit* in its t)rn epressestat i#eaAs ener"ic tension' its e;;ective potential. Te sa#ow';or instance' )s)all* as a #eci#e#l* ne"ative ;eelin" val)e'wile te ani&a' like te ani&)s' as &ore o; a positive one.ereas te sa#ow is acco&panie# >* &ore or less #e;initean# #escri>a>le ;eelin" tones' te ani&a an# ani&)s ei>it;eelin" M)alities tat are ar#er to #e;ine. !ostl* te* are ;eltto >e ;ascinatin" or n)&ino)s. ,;ten te* are s)rro)n#e# >* anat&ospere o; sensitivit*' to)c* reserve' secretiveness' pain;)linti&ac*' an# even a>sol)teness. Te relative a)tono&* o; teani&a- an# ani&)s-;i")res epresses itsel; in tese M)alities. +nor#er o; a;;ective rank te* stan# to te sa#ow ver* &)c aste sa#ow stan#s in relation to e"o-conscio)sness. Te &aina;;ective e&pasis see&s to lie on te latterB at an* rate it isa>le' >* &eans o; a consi#era>le epen#it)re o; ener"*' to

repress te sa#ow' at least te&poraril*. )t i; ;or an* reasonte )nconscio)s "ains te )pper an#' ten te valenc* o; tesa#ow an# o; te oter ;i")res increases proportionatel*' sotat te scale o; val)es is reverse#. at la* ;)rtest' awa* ;ro&wakin" conscio)sness an# see&e# )nconscio)s ass)&es' as itwere' a treatenin" sape' an# te a;;ective val)e increases tinHi"er )p te scale *o) "o< e"o-conscio)sness' sa#ow' ani&a'sel;. Tis reversal o; te conscio)s wakin" state occ)rs re")larl*#)rin" te transition ;ro& wakin" to sleepin"' an# wat tene&er"e &ost vivi#l* are te ver* tin"s tat were )nconscio)s>* #a*. /ver* a>aisse&ent #) nivea) &ental >rin"s a>o)t arelative reversal o; val)es.

s C;. s*colo"ical T*pes' 0e;s.' %ational an# +rrational.

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5F + a& speakin" ere o; te s)>ective ;eelin" tone' wic iss)>ect to te &ore or less perio#ic can"es #escri>e# a>ove.)t tere are also o>ective val)es wic are ;o)n#e# on a con-sens)s o&ni)& &oral' aestetic' an# reli"io)s val)es' ;or

instance' an# tese are )niversall* reco"ni=e# i#eals or ;eelin"-tone# collective i#eas (ev*-r)lAs representations collec-tives?. 6 Te s)>ective ;eelin"-tones or val)e M)anta areeasil* reco"ni=e# >* te kin# an# n)&>er o; constellations' ors*&pto&s o; #ist)r>ance' 7 te* pro#)ce. Collective i#eals o;tenave no s)>ective ;eelin"- tone' >)t neverteless retain teir;eelin"-val)e. Tis val)e' tere;ore' cannot >e #e&onstrate#>* s)>ective s*&pto&s' to)" it &a* >e >* te attri>)tesattacin" to tese collective i#eas an# >* teir caracteristics*&>olis&' M)ite apart ;ro& teir s)""estive e;;ect.

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55 Te pro>le& as a practical aspect' since it &a* easil* ap-pen tat a collective i#ea' to)" si"ni;icant in itsel;' is >e-ca)se o; its lack o; s)>ective ;eel in"- tonerepresente# in a#rea& onl* >* a s)>or#inate attri>)te' as wen a "o# is repre-sente# >* is terio&orpic attri>)te' etc. Conversel*' te i#ea&a* appear in conscio)sness lackin" te a;;ective e&pasis tatproperl* >elon"s to it' an# &)st ten >e transpose# >ack intoits arcet*pal contet a task tat is )s)all* #iscar"e# >* poetsan# propets. T)s 4ol#erlin' in is 4*&n to i>ert*' letstis concept' worn stale >* ;reM)ent )se an# &is)se' rise )pa"ain in its pristine splen#o)reen./ver* wor# se )tters' >* er &a"ic%ises new-create#' wito)t ;lawB4earken to te ti#in"s o; &* "o##ess'

4earken to te Soverei"n' an# a#oreO 8

56 +t is not #i;;ic)lt to see ere tat te i#ea o; li>ert* as >eencan"e# >ack to its ori"inal #ra&atic state into te sinin"

6 es onctions &entales #ans les socitts in;#rie)res.

7 ,n s*cic /ner"*' pars' 1F8lack cat' an# te0eit* as te lapis eilis (stone o; no wort?. +nterpretation ten#e&an#s a knowle#"e o; certain tin"s wic ave less to #owit =oolo"* an# &ineralo"* tan wit te eistence o; an is-

torical consens)s o&ni)& in re"ar# to te o>ect in M)estion.Tese &*tolo"ical aspects are alwa*s present' even to)"in a "iven case te* &a* >e )nconscio)s. +; ;or instance one#oesnAt appen to recall' wen consi#erin" weter to paint te"ar#en "ate "reen or wite' tat "reen is te colo)r o; li;e an#ope' te s*&>olic aspect o; "reen is neverteless present asan )nconscio)s so)s-enten#). So we ;in# so&etin" wic aste i"est si"ni;icance ;or te li;e o; te )nconscio)s stan#in"lowest on te scale o; conscio)s val)es' an# vice versa. Te ;i"-)re o; te sa#ow alrea#* >elon"s to te real& o; >o#iless pan-

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to&snot to speak o; ani&a an# ani&)s' wic #o not see& toappear at all ecept as proections )pon o)r ;ellow )&an >e-in"s. $s ;or te sel;' it is co&pletel* o)tsi#e te personal spere'an# appears' i; at all' onl* as a reli"io)s &*tolo"c&' an# itss*&>ols ran"e ;ro& te i"est to te lowest. $n*one wo i#en-ti;ies wit te #a*li"t al; o; is ps*cic li;e will tere;ore#eclare te #rea&s o; te ni"t to >e n)ll an# voi#' notwit-stan#in" tat te ni"t is as lon" as te #a* an# tat all con-scio)sness is &ani;estl* ;o)n#e# on )nconscio)sness' is roote#in it an# ever* ni"t is etin")ise# in it. at is &ore' ps*co-patolo"* knows wit tolera>le certaint* wat te )nconscio)scan #o to te conscio)s' an# ;or tis reason #evotes to te )n-conscio)s an attention tat o;ten see&s inco&preensi>le to tela*&an. e know' ;or instance' tat wat is s&all >* cla* is >i"at ni"t' an# te oter wa* ro)n#B t)s we also know tat>esi#es te s&all >* #a* tere alwa*s loo&s te >i" >* ni"t'even wen it is invisi>le.

58 Tis knowle#"e is an essential prereM)isite ;or an* inte"ra-tiontat is to sa* a content can onl* >e inte"rate# wen its

#o)>le aspect as >eco&e conscio)s an# wen it is "raspe# not&erel* intellect)all* >)t )n#erstoo# accor#in" to its ;eelin"-"o

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val)e. +ntellect an# ;eelin"' owever' are #i;;ic)lt to p)t intoone arness te* con;lict wit one anoter >* #e;inition. o-ever i#enti;ies wit an intellect)al stan#point will occasionall*;in# is ;eelin" con;rontin" i& like an ene&* in te ")ise o;te ani&aB conversel*' an intellect)al ani&)s will &ake violentattacks on te ;eelin" stan#point. Tere;ore' an*one wo wantsto acieve te #i;;ic)lt ;eat o; reali=in" so&etin" not onl* intel-lect)all*' >)t also accor#in" to its ;eelin"-val)e' &)st ;or >etteror worse co&e to "rips wit te ani&a Kani&)s pro>le& in or#erto open te wa* ;or a i"er )nion' a coni)nctio oppositor)&.Tis is an in#ispensa>le prereM)isite ;or woleness.

59 $lto)" woleness see&s at ;irst si"t to >e notin" >)tan a>stract i#ea (like ani&a an# ani&)s?' it is neverteless e&-pirical in so ;ar as it is anticipate# >* te ps*ce in te ;or& o;spontaneo)s or a)tono&o)s s*&>ols. Tese are te M)aternit*or &an#ala s*&>ols' wic occ)r not onl* in te #rea&s o;

&o#ern people wo ave never ear# o; te&' >)t are wi#el*#isse&inate# in te istorical recor#s o; &an* peoples an# &an*epocs. Teir si"ni;icance as s*&>ols o; )nit* an# totalit* isa&pl* con;ir&e# >* istor* as well as >* e&pirical ps*colo"*.at at ;irst looks like an a>stract i#ea stan#s in realit* ;orso&etin" tat eists an# can >e eperience#' tat #e&onstratesits a priori presence spontaneo)sl*. oleness is t)s an o>ec-tive ;actor tat con;ronts te s)>ect in#epen#entl* o; i&' likeani&a or ani&)sB an# )st as te latter ave a i"er position inte ierarc* tan te sa#ow' so woleness la*s clai& to a posi-

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tion an# a val)e s)perior to tose o; te s*=*"*. Te s*=*"*see&s to represent at least an essential part o; it' i; not act)all*te two alves o; te totalit* ;or&e# >* te ro*al >roter-sisterpair' an# ence te tension o; opposites ;ro& wic te #ivinecil# 9 is >orn as te s*&>ol o; )nit*.

6E nit* an# totalit* stan# at te i"est point on te scale o;o>ective val)es >eca)se teir s*&>ols can no lon"er >e #istin-")ise# ;ro& te i&a"o 0ei. 4ence all state&ents a>o)t teGo#-i&a"e appl* also to te e&pirical s*&>ols o; totalit*. /pe-rience sows tat in#ivi#)al &an#alas are s*&>ols o; or#er' an#tat te* occ)r in patients principall* #)rin" ti&es o; ps*cic

C; . &* s*colo"* o; te Cil# $rcet*peB also s*colo"* an#$lce&*'in#e' s.v. ;il&s ilosopor)&' cil#' er&apro#ite.

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#isorientation or re-orientation. $s &a"ic circles te* >in# an#s)>#)e te lawless powers >elon"in" to te worl# o; #arkness'an# #epict or create an or#er tat trans;or&s te caos into acos&os. 1E To te conscio)s &in# te &an#ala appears at ;irst asan )ni&pressive point or #ot' 11 an# a "reat #eal o; ar# an#painstakin" work as well as te inte"ration o; &an* proectionsare "enerall* reM)ire# >e;ore te ;)ll ran"e o; te s*&>ol can>e an*tin" like co&pletel* )n#erstoo#. +; tis insi"t werep)rel* intellect)al it co)l# >e acieve# wito)t &)c #i;;ic)lt*';or te worl#-wi#e prono)nce&ents a>o)t te Go# witin )san# a>ove )s' a>o)t Crist an# te corp)s &*stic)& te per-sonal an# s)prapersonal at&an' etc.' are all ;or&)lations tatcan easil* >e &astere# >* te pilosopic intellect. Tis is teco&&on so)rce o; te ill)sion tat one is ten in possession o;te tin" itsel;. )t act)all* one as acM)ire# notin" &oretan its na&e' #espite te a"e-ol# pre)#ice tat te na&e &a"-icall* represents te tin"' an# tat it is s);;icient to prono)ncete na&e in or#er to posit te tin"As eistence. +n te co)rseo; te &illennia te reasonin" &in# as >een "iven ever* oppor-t)nit* to see tro)" te ;)tilit* o; tis conceit' to)" tat as#one notin" to prevent te intellect)al &aster* o; a tin" ;ro&>ein" accepte# at its ;ace val)e. +t is precisel* o)r eperiencesin ps*colo"* wic #e&onstrate as plainl* as co)l# >e wise#tat te intellect)al "rasp o; a ps*colo"ical ;act pro#)ces no

&ore tan a concept o; it' an# tat a concept is no &ore tan ana&e' a ;lat)s vocis. Tese intellect)al co)nters can >e >an#ie#a>o)t easil* eno)". Te* pass li"tl* ;ro& an# to an#' ;orte* ave no wei"t or s)>stance. Te* so)n# ;)ll >)t are ol-lowB an# to)" p)rportin" to #esi"nate a eav* task an# o>li-"ation' te* co&&it )s to notin". Te intellect is )n#enia>l*)se;)l in its own ;iel#' >)t is a "reat ceat an# ill)sionist o)tsi#eo; it wenever it tries to &anip)late val)es.

61 +t wo)l# see& tat one can p)rs)e an* science wit te intel-

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lect alone ecept ps*colo"*' wose s)>ect- te ps*ceas&ore tan te two aspects &e#iate# >* sense-perception an#tinkin". Te ;)nction o; val)e;eelin"is an inte"ral part o;o)r conscio)s orientation an# o)"t not to >e &issin" in a ps*-colo"ical )#"&ent o; an* scope' oterwise te &o#el we aretr*in" to >)il# o; te real process will >e inco&plete. /ver*

1E C;. s*colo"* an# $lce&*' art ++' c. 3. 4 LC;. in;ra' par. 3FE.N

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ps*cic process as a val)e M)alit* attace# to it' na&el* its;eelin"- tone. Tis in#icates te #e"ree to wic te s)>ect isa;;ecte# >* te process or ow &)c it &eans to i& (in so ;aras te process reaces conscio)sness at all?. +t is tro)" tea;;ect tat te s)>ect >eco&es involve# an# so co&es to ;eel

te wole wei"t o; realit*. Te #i;;erence a&o)nts ro)"l* totat >etween a severe illness wic one rea#s a>o)t in a tet->ook an# te real illness wic one as. +n ps*colo"* one pos-sesses notin" )nless one as eperience# it in realit*. 4ence ap)rel* intellect)al insi"t is not eno)"' >eca)se one knowsonl* te wor#s an# not te s)>stance o; te tin" ;ro& insi#e.

Tere are ;ar &ore people wo are a;rai# o; te )nconscio)stan one wo)l# epect. Te* are even a;rai# o; teir ownsa#ow. $n# wen it co&es to te ani&a an# ani&)s' tis ;eart)rns to panic. or te s*=*"* #oes in#ee# represent te ps*ciccontents tat irr)pt into conscio)sness in a ps*cosis (&ostclearl* o; all in te paranoi# ;or&s o; sci=oprenia?. 12 Teoverco&in" o; tis ;ear is o;ten a &oral acieve&ent o; )n-)s)al &a"nit)#e' an# *et it is not te onl* con#ition tat &)st>e ;)l;ille# on te wa* to a real eperience o; te sel;.

Te sa#ow' te s*=*"*' an# te sel; are ps*cic ;actors o;wic an a#eM)ate pict)re can >e ;or&e# onl* on te >asis o;a ;airl* toro)" eperience o; te&. J)st as tese conceptsarose o)t o; an eperience o; realit*' so te* can >e el)ci#ate#onl* >* ;)rter eperience. ilosopical criticis& will ;in#ever*tin" to o>ect to in te& )nless it >e"ins >* reco"ni=in"tat te* are concerne# wit -;acts' an# tat te concept issi&pl* an a>>reviate# #escription or #e;inition o; tese ;acts.S)c criticis& as as little e;;ect on te o>ect as =oolo"ical criti-cis& on a #)ck->ille# plat*p)s. +t is not te concept tat &at-

tersB te concept is onl* a wor#' a co)nter' an# it as &eanin"an# )se onl* >eca)se it stan#s ;or a certain s)& o; eperience.n;ort)natel* + cannot pass on tis eperience to &* p)>lic.+ ave trie# in a n)&>er o; p)>lications' wit te elp o; case&aterial' to present te nat)re o; tese eperiences an# also te&eto# o; o>tainin" te&. erever &* &eto#s were reall*applie# te ;acts + "ive ave >een con;ir&e#. ,ne co)l# see te

12 $ classic case is te one p)>lise# >* elken< $nal*tisceeo>act)n"en

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)>cr antasien eines Sci=oprenen. $noter is Scre>erAs !e&oirs o;!*ervo)s +llness.

33

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&oons o; J)piter even in GalileoAs #a* i; one took te tro)>leto )se is telescope.

6 F ,)tsi#e te narrower ;iel# o; pro;essional ps*colo"* tese;i")res &eet wit )n#erstan#in" ;ro& all wo ave an* knowl-e#"e o; co&parative &*tolo"*. Te* ave no #i;;ic)lt* in rec-o"ni=in" te sa#ow as te a#verse representative o; te #arkctonic worl#' a ;i")re wose caracteristics are )niversal. Tes*=*"* is i&&e#iatel* co&preensi>le as te ps*cic protot*peo; all #ivine co)ples. inall* te sel;' on acco)nt o; its e&pirical

pec)liarities' proves to >e te ei#os >ein# te s)pre&e i#easo; )nit* an# totalit* tat are inerent in all &onoteistic an#&onistic s*ste&s.

6 5 + re"ar# tese parallels as i&portant >eca)se it is possi>le'tro)" te&' to relate so-calle# &etap*sical concepts' wicave lost teir root connection wit nat)ral eperience' to liv-in"' )niversal ps*cic processes' so tat te* can recover teirtr)e an# ori"inal &eanin". +n tis wa* te connection is re-esta>lise# >etween te e"o an# proecte# contents now ;or&)-late# as &etap*sical i#eas. n;ort)natel*' as alrea#* sai#'te ;act tat &etap*sical i#eas eist an# are >elieve# in #oesnotin" to prove te act)al eistence o; teir content or o; teo>ect te* re;er to' alto)" te coinci#ence o; i#ea an# realit*in te ;or& o; a special ps*cic state' a state o; "race' so)l# not>e #ee&e# i&possi>le' even i; te s)>ect cannot >rin" it a>o)t>* an act o; will. ,nce &etap*sical i#eas ave lost teir capac-it* to recall an# evoke te ori"inal eperience te* ave notonl* >eco&e )seless >)t prove to >e act)al i&pe#i&ents on teroa# to wi#er #evelop&ent. ,ne clin"s to possessions tat aveonce &eant wealtB an# te &ore ine;;ective' inco&preensi>le'an# li;eless te* >eco&e te &ore o>stinatel* people clin" tote&. (at)rall* it is onl* sterile i#eas tat te* clin" toB livin"i#eas ave content an# rices eno)"' so tere is no nee# toclin" to te&.? T)s in te co)rse o; ti&e te &eanin";)l t)rnsinto te &eanin"less. Tis is )n;ort)natel* te ;ate o &eta-p*sical i#eas.

66 To#a* it is a real pro>le& wat on eart s)c i#eas can&ean. Te worl# so ;ar as it as not co&pletel* t)rne# its >ackon tra#itionas lon" a"o stoppe# wantin" to ear a &essa"eBit wo)l# rater >e tol# wat te &essa"e &eans. Te wor#s tatreso)n# ;ro& te p)lpit are inco&preensi>le an# cr* ;or an

3F

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eplanation. 4ow as te #eat o; Crist >ro)"t )s re#e&p-tion wen no one ;eels re#ee&e#P +n wat wa* is Jes)s a Go#-&an an# wat is s)c a >ein"P at is te Trinit* a>o)t' an#te parteno"enesis' te eatin" o; te >o#* an# te #rinkin" o;te >loo#' an# all te rest o; itP at connection can tere >e>etween te worl# o; s)c concepts an# te ever*#a* worl#'wose &aterial realit* is te concern o; nat)ral science on tewi#est possi>le scaleP $t least siteen o)rs o)t o; twent*-;o)rwe live ecl)sivel* in tis ever*#a* worl#' an# te re&ainin"ei"t we spen# pre;era>l* in an )nconscio)s con#ition. erean# wen #oes an*tin" take place to re&in# )s even re&otel*o; peno&ena like an"els' &irac)lo)s ;ee#in"s' >ene#ictions'te res)rrection o; te #ea#' etc.P +t was tere;ore so&etin" o;a #iscover* to ;in# tat #)rin" te )nconscio)s state o; sleepintervals occ)r' calle# #rea&s' wic occasionall* contain

scenes avin" a not inconsi#era>le rese&>lance to te &oti;s o;&*tolo"*. or &*ts are &iracle tales an# treat o; all tosetin"s wic' ver* o;ten' are also o>ects o; >elie;.67 +n te ever*#a* worl# o; conscio)sness s)c tin"s ar#l*eistB tat is to sa*' )ntil 1933 onl* l)natics wo)l# ave >een;o)n# in possession o; livin" ;ra"&ents o; &*tolo"*. $;ter tis#ate te worl# o; eroes an# &onsters sprea# like a #evastatin";ire over wole nations' provin" tat te stran"e worl# o; &*ta# s);;ere# no loss o; vitalit* #)rin" te cent)ries o; reasonan# enli"ten&ent. +; &etap*sical i#eas no lon"er ave s)c a;ascinatin" e;;ect as >e;ore' tis is certainl* not #)e to an* lacko; pri&itivit* in te /)ropean ps*ce' >)t si&pl* an# solel* tote ;act tat te erstwile s*&>ols no lon"er epress wat isnow wellin" )p ;ro& te )nconscio)s as te en# res)lt o; te#evelop&ent o; Cristian conscio)sness tro)" te cent)ries.Tis en#-res)lt is a tr)e anti&i&on pne)&a' a ;alse spirit o;arro"ance' *steria' wooll*-&in#e#ness' cri&inal a&oralit*' an##octrinaire ;anaticis&' a p)rve*or o; so##* spirit)al "oo#s'sp)rio)s art' pilosopical st)tterin"s' an# topian )&>)"';it onl* to >e ;e# wolesale to te &ass &an o; to#a*. Tat iswat te post-Cristian spirit looks like.

:

C4%+ST' $ S!, , T4/ S/

68 Te #ecristianl=ation o o)r worl#' te )ci;erian #evelop-&ent o; science an# tecnolo"*' an# te ;ri"t;)l &aterial an#&oral #estr)ction le;t >ein# >* te secon# orl# ar ave>een co&pare# &ore tan once wit te escatolo"ical events;oretol# in te ew Testa&ent. Tese' as we know' are con-cerne# wit te co&in" o; te $nticrist< Tis is $nticrist'wo #eniet te ater an# te Son. H /ver* spirit tat #is-

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solvet Jes)s . . . is $nticrist ... o; wo& *o) ave ear#tat e co&et. 2 Te $pocal*pse is ;)ll o; epectations o; ter-ri>le tin"s tat will take place at te en# o; ti&e' >e;ore te&arria"e o; te a&>. Tis sows plainl* tat te ani&a Cris-tiana as a s)re knowle#"e not onl* o; te eistence o; ana#versar* >)t also o; is ;)t)re )s)rpation o; power.

6 9 * &* rea#er will ask #o + #isco)rse ere )pon Cristan# is a#versar*' te $nticristP ,)r #isco)rse necessaril*>rin"s )s to Crist' >eca)se e is te still livin" &*t o; o)rc)lt)re. 4e is o)r c)lt)re ero' wo' re"ar#less o; is istoricaleistence' e&>o#ies te &*t o; te #ivine ri&or#ial !an' te&*stic $#a&. +t is e wo occ)pies te centre o; te Cristian&an#ala' wo is te or# o; te Tetra&orp' i.e.' te ;o)r s*&->ols o; te evan"elists' wic are like te ;o)r col)&ns o; istrone. 4e is in )s an# we in i&. 4is kin"#o& is te pearl o;"reat price' te treas)re >)rie# in te ;iel#' te "rain o; &)s-tar# see# wic will >eco&e a "reat tree' an# te eavenl*

1 1 Jon 2 < 22 (0:?'

2 + Jon F < 3 (0:?. Te tra#itional view o te C)rc is >ase# on ++Tessalo-nians 2 < ";;i'' wic speaks o; te apostas*' o; te vp)Trs r*Uv(taU (&an o;lawlessness? an# te vs TTJS e>raeas (son o; per#ition? wo eral#te co&in" o;te or#. Tis lawless one will set i&sel; )p in te place o; Go#'>)t will;inall* >e slain >* te or# Jes)s wit te >reat o; is &o)t. 4ewill workwon#ers KcarA !p*eio.v rov Vra.rava (accor#in" to te workin" o;Satan?. $>ove all'e will reveal i&sel; >* is l*in" an# #eceit;)lness. 0aniel 11 o#*' 7 is an i&a"e o; an i&a"e' ;or &*so)l is not #irectl* te i&a"e o; Go#' >)t is &a#e a;ter te like-

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ness o; te ;or&er i&a"e. 8 Crist' on te oter an#' is te

3 or cit* c;. s*colo"* an# $lce&*' pp. lo;i.

F A4 pao-iQia T,: Eeov evr>s >piav "artv (Te kin"#o& o; Go# is witin*o) Lora&on" *o)N?. Te kin"#o& o; Go# co&et not wit o>servation< neitersallte* sa*' o ereO or' lo tereO ;or it is witin an# ever*were.()ke 17 < 2o;.?+t is not o; tis LeternalN worl#. (Jon 18< 36.? Te likeness o;te kin"#o&o; Go# to &an is eplicitl* state# in te para>le o; te sower (!attew13 < 2F'C;. also !attew 13 < F5' 18 < 23' 22 < 2?. Te pap*r)s ;ra"&ents ;ro&,*r*n-clis sa*< . . . ;iacrLiQia rv ovpavvN evr>s v;Jv LeNc& Licaiot&s civ eavr>vN7a5 Tavr*v e)p;cretN eavro>s *vwcrecre TQ- (Te kin"#o& o; eavenis witin *o)'

an# wosoever knowet i&sel; sall ;in# it. now *o)rselves.? C;.Ja&es' Te$pocr*pal ew Testa&ent' p. 26' an# Gren;ell an# 4)nt' ew Sa*in"s o;Jes)s' p. 15.

5 C;. &* o>servations on Crist as arcet*pe in $ s*colo"ical$pproac to te0o"&a o; te Trinit*' pars. 226;;.

6 /t aec er"o i&a"o censen#a est 0ei in o&ine' M)o# eos#e& &ot)s etsens)sa>eat )&an)s ani&)s' M)os et 0e)s' licet non tales M)ales 0e)s ($#v.!ar-tian.' ++' viB in !i"ne' ..' vol. 2' col. 3EF?.

7 Contra Cels)&' :+++' F9 (!i"ne' .G.' vol. 11' col. 159E?< +n ani&a'non incorpore i&press)s sit i&a"inis con#itoris caracter (Te caracter o;te i&a"eo; te Creator is i&printe# on te so)l' not on te >o#*?. (C;. trans'>* 4. Ca#-wick' p. F.88.?

8Kn )ca& o&ilia' :+++ (!i"ne' .G : vol. 13' col. 182E?< Siconsi#ere& 0o&i-n)& Salvatore& i&a"ine& esse invisi>ilis 0ei' et vi#ea& anirna& &ea&;acta&

a# i&a"ine& con#itoris' )t i&a"o esset i&a"inis< neM)e eni& ani&a &easpe-cialiter i&a"o est 0ei' se# a# si&ilit)#ine& i&a"inis prioris e;;ectaest (+; +consi#er tat te or# an# Savio)r is te i&a"e o; te invisi>le Go#' +see tat&* so)l is &a#e a;ter te i&a"e o; te Creator' so as to >e an i&a"e o;an i&a"eB;or &* so)l is not #irectl* te i&a"e o; Go#' >)t is &a#e a;ter telikeness o; te

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;or&er i&a"e?.

37

$+,

tr)e i&a"e o; Go#' 9 a;ter wose likeness o)r inner &an is &a#e'invisi>le' incorporeal' incorr)pt' an# i&&ortal. 1E Te Go#-i&a"e in )s reveals itsel; tro)" pr)#entia' i)stitia' &o#era-tio' virt)s' sapientia et #isciplina. n

7 1 St. $)")stine (35F-F3E? #istin")ises >etween te Go#-i&a"e wic is Crist an# te i&a"e wic is i&plante# in&an as a &eans or possi>ilit* o; >eco&in" like Go#. 12 Te Go#-i&a"e is not in te corporeal &an' >)t in te ani&a rationalis'te possession o; wic #istin")ises &an ;ro& ani&als. TeGo#-i&a"e is witin' not in te >o#*. . . . ere te )n#er-stan#in" is' were te &in# is' were te power o; investi"atin"

tr)t is' tere Go# as is i&a"e. 13 Tere;ore we so)l# re-&in# o)rselves' sa*s $)")stine' tat we are ;asione# a;ter tei&a"e o; Go# nowere save in te )n#erstan#in"< . . . >)twere &an knows i&sel; to >e &a#e a;ter te i&a"e o; Go#'

9 0e