HENIPAVIRUS

NIPAH VIRUS

(NiV)

SALUTATIONS to the Gurus

Disclaimer

and generally in accord with the standards

is an Medicine ever-changing science.

. As new research and clinicalexperiences broaden

changes in development & treatment of thesubject are required

The author of this work have checked with

sources believed to be reliable

in their efforts to provide information that is

complete

our knowledge

accepted at time of presentation

What I’m going to talk…………………...

• Fundamental Virology of Henipavirus family

- Ultrastucture

- Molecular biology

• Epidemiology of the Nipah Virus

Firstly……………..

Order Mononegavirales [ssRNA(-)]

Family Paramyxoviridae Rhabdoviridae…etc

Sub-Family Paramyxovirinae Pneumovirinae

RSV

Genera Henipavirus Morbilivirus….etc

Species Hendra virus(HeV) Nipah Virus

Fundamental Virology of Henipavirus

• Genome:

• Nucleocapsid structure:

• Enveloped Non-enveloped

• Do the virions have anything between the core & the envelope?

• Shape of virions:

Glimpse of Hendra virus(HeV)

Ultra-Structure of HeV

In vitro & In vivo morphology

Ultrastructure of NiV

In vivo and In vitro morphology

Molecular biology of Nipah virus

Functional aspect of mol. bio

• EphrinB2 receptor

• Macropinocytosis

History

Epidemiology

Reservoir

• Entreportfor virus

• Asymtomatic

• Antibody

Dead-end host

• Febrile Fatal encephalits

Int. host

• Respiratory symptoms

• One mile bark

• Amplifier Host

Transmission to domestic

animal

The Malaysian scene…..

HERG

Reservoir Pteropid sp.

• Twinkle twinkle little bat

I wonder what are you at…..

Nipah’s Reservoir

Pteropus sp.( flying fox)

Pteropus vampyrus

Pteropus hypomelanus

Islander-Tioman

Pteropus giganteusThe Big Bat

of

Bangladesh

known to

love date

palm sap

Hendra’s Reservoir

Pteropus alecto (Black flying fox)

The Dark Knight of

Bats

Pteropus poliocephalus

Grey-headed

Pteropus conspicillatus

Spectacled

fellow

Consider the Unknown……

• IMR’s wrong diagnosis,

• Misdiagnosed as JE, caused RM(10^8) of loss Vaccine import, other preventive measure

Mostly Pig farm workers affected….

• 265 confirmed cases, 105 deaths,

• aprox 1.1 million pigs culled.

• Dr. Chua Kaw Bing & CDC,Atlanta

Symptoms did not fit the picture

Antibody Cross-reaction

Singaporean scene……

• 11 Confirmed Cases, 1 death

• All cases had occupational exposure to contaminated pigs from other side of the Causeway

• Abbatoir workers

Symptoms & Sequelae

Suggestion of Human-to-Human Transmission of NiV

• Based on 2 most recent NiV outbreak in Thakurgaon & Kushtia Districts

• In Tha.. Outbreak, cases were more likely to have shared rooms with ill Nipah cases

• In Kushtia outbreak, were more likely to have touched ill cases.

Modes of Transmission

• Unknown Known

• Can be used for preventive measure

• Susceptibility to environment

• Require close contact

• But, can be vehicle borne…..

HeV vs. NiV

HeV vs.NiV….Ultrastructure

HeV vs. NiV... In Vivo

Small ‘Take Home’ message

Patients are infected,

without any idea about them

Clinicians suspect them

but have no clue about them

Epidemiologist track them,

Laboratories have them identified

The Public fear them, without knowing much about themSurviving the Journey from Moon

- Culture plate from NASA Surveyor 3 camera

foam sample (1mL polyurethane foam)

- Samples of the microorganism were sent to

the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia,

which confirmed it as Streptococcus mitis

Special 20 minutes clip on: Malaysian Nipah virus ‘plague’