AIM: where did agriculture originate?

Hunter Gatherersvs.

Sedentary Farmers (Agriculture)

When?

Where?

What are the advantages?

These maps vary greatly… Basically scientists aren’t sure.

Compare to Early River Valley Civs.

Ancient Civilizations

Dates?

To what extent do the locations of ancient civilizations correlate with agricultural hearths?

Domestication of PlantsVegetative Planting Seed Agriculture

E.g.:?

Agricultural Hearths

Columbian Exchange…

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Why did it have a massive impact on the world?

There are wild animals very similar to every domesticated animal.

What about the domestication of

animals?

Native pygmy elephants and hippos

displaced by new domesticated animals.

What about camels?

W

http://www.flickr.com/photos/burrard-lucas/2196056394/

http://www.seldomscenefarm.com/alpacas/alpaca-info.html

European BoarW

African Warthog W

Domesticated Pig

Genetic manipulation

Feral Pig Notice the changes?

W

W

W D

Domestication of

Dogs

Aim: to differentiate between subsistence

farming and commercial farming.

Subsistence vs. Commercial Farming

Tea Plantation Cash Crop

Southern Plantation HouseStereotype

Slash and Burn

Swidden

Pastoral Nomadism

TranshumanceWinter Pastures

Summer Pastures

Aim: to apply the Von Thunen Model to real world

agricultural examples.

Von Thunen Model

Assumptions1. There is only one market available, self-sufficient

with no outside influence. 2. All farmers are market oriented, producing goods for

sale. (Not subsistence.)3. The physical environment is uniform; there are no rivers

or mountains. 4. All points at equal distances from the market have equal

access to the market. 5. All farmers act to maximize profits.6. The dietary preferences of the population are those of

Germanic Europeans. 7. Land decreases in value with distance away from city.

Influences• Technology• 1. Transportation;

speed of rail, sea shipping, air etc.• 2. Preservation of

the food itself; freezing, irradiation etc.,

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=XQDTZU6D-mg7jM&tbnid=DtKW6F1sneRZsM:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrumcommodities.com%2Feducation%2Fcommodity%2Fc.html&ei=v5gkU-2LJ4rx0gH8g4HQBw&psig=AFQjCNF3LKWlmrbe0ZHa4gJWHhkPzd_IXA&ust=1394993650081644

Corn Belt

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=PcsBr_JORimJAM&tbnid=PB4WiuwF6TMuoM:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardbealblog.com%2Fus-beef-cows-map%2F&ei=sZkkU8PtEsb10gGmvIGwCA&psig=AFQjCNEXQl7WDB35EcZWxpW3Y9fb6_-4yg&ust=1394993922553910

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=PcsBr_JORimJAM&tbnid=PB4WiuwF6TMuoM:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agcensus.usda.gov%2FPublications%2F2007%2FOnline_Highlights%2FAg_Atlas_Maps%2FLivestock_and_Animals%2FLivestock%2C_Poultry_and_Other_Animals%2F07-M147.php&ei=6ZkkU_XvGOaV0QGUv4GYBw&psig=AFQjCNEXQl7WDB35EcZWxpW3Y9fb6_-4yg&ust=1394993922553910

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=j_l2AnxnEn-W4M&tbnid=KPptev90NA6P-M:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agcensus.usda.gov%2FPublications%2F2007%2FOnline_Highlights%2FAg_Atlas_Maps%2FLivestock_and_Animals%2FLivestock%2C_Poultry_and_Other_Animals%2F07-M134.php&ei=GJokU6jEFamw0AH35YGQCw&psig=AFQjCNEXQl7WDB35EcZWxpW3Y9fb6_-4yg&ust=1394993922553910

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=KVtWKXtqh-6C9M&tbnid=nk8TPMYoAEFKGM:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotosearch.com%2FGLW006%2Fgwz10157%2F&ei=SpskU47XCeyU0gGCw4CoCg&psig=AFQjCNFhPFHaqSlD37Xz3V4vklIfqKXI4g&ust=1394994300605442

Gross / Not Per Capita

Sure PRC will be big; so

should India.

Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Canada.. and Brazil and the USA are all

exporters of meat.

Per Capita Meat ConsumptionDarker = more meat

Pork

FIN

Boundaries