aim: what steps were taken by the united states to make its war effort a success? do now: answer the...
TRANSCRIPT
Aim: What steps were taken by the United States to make its war effort a success?
Do Now:
Answer the following:What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
Why did Germany use it? Provide an example
What was the Zimmerman note? What did it say?
What event happened in Russia in 1917?
What impact did it have on the Allied powers?
Reasons for U.S. Entry into WWI
• German use of unrestricted submarine warfare. Breaking the Sussex pledge
• Zimmerman note- Many Americans saw this as an attack on the U.S.
• Communist Revolution in Russia. Hurt Allied Powers- Germany only had to fight a war on one front.
President Wilson’s War Message
• It is a distressing and oppressive duty, gentlemen of the Congress, which I have performed in thus addressing you. There are, it may be, many months of fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful, thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in, the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts--for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free.
President Wilson’s War Message
• “We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples included: for the rights of nations great and small and the privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy”.
What does a nation need to have a successful war effort?
• An Army
• Money
• Production of War Goods
• Workforce at home
• Food and Fuel
• Unity of Public Opinion
Selective Service Act (1917) – required all men from the age of 21 to 30 to register for the military draft
World War I – The Homefront
· By 1918, approximately 4 million Americans joined the armed forces.
The Most Famous The Most Famous Recruitment PosterRecruitment Poster
The Most Famous The Most Famous Recruitment PosterRecruitment Poster
Uncle Sam—He the Uncle Sam—He the Man!Man!
Uncle Sam—He the Uncle Sam—He the Man!Man!
Don’t Mess with the U. Don’t Mess with the U. S.S.
Don’t Mess with the U. Don’t Mess with the U. S.S.
1917 – Selective 1917 – Selective Service ActService Act
1917 – Selective 1917 – Selective Service ActService Act
24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918.
4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat).
400,000 African-Americansserved in segregated units.
15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.
Public Support:
· The government raised over $21 billion through the sale of Liberty Bonds.
Even Grandma Buys Even Grandma Buys Liberty Liberty BondsBonds
Even Grandma Buys Even Grandma Buys Liberty Liberty BondsBonds
· The War Industries Board told factories what to produce and the War Labor Board settled labor disputes.
Labor:'Women working in larger munitions factories were known as Canaries because they dealt with TNT which caused their skin to turn yellow. Around 400 women died from overexposure to TNT during World War One. Other hazards were more obvious and minor problems were common.'From the biography of a 'Munitionette', Miss Joan Williams
· Women took over the jobs of men fighting in the war.
Woman In a Factory During World War I
Examples: • “Meatless Monday’s”•“Wheatless Wednesday’s”
Organizing the War Effort
Food:
· Americans learned to conserve food for the soldiers.
U. S. Food U. S. Food AdministrationAdministration
U. S. Food U. S. Food AdministrationAdministration
U. S. School Garden U. S. School Garden ArmyArmy
U. S. School Garden U. S. School Garden ArmyArmy
· In order to support the troops “victory gardens” were grown by people throughout the nation.
U. S. Fuel U. S. Fuel AdministrationAdministration
U. S. Fuel U. S. Fuel AdministrationAdministration
U. S. Fuel U. S. Fuel AdministrationAdministration
U. S. Fuel U. S. Fuel AdministrationAdministration
The “Mad Brute”The “Mad Brute”The “Mad Brute”The “Mad Brute”
• In order to encourage Americans to support the war, they began a propaganda campaign. Designed to portray Germany as a monster.
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Threats to the Civil
Liberties of AmericansLiberties of Americans
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Threats to the Civil
Liberties of AmericansLiberties of Americans
1. Espionage ActEspionage Act – 1917 - forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military. - ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail. - fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats Threats
to the Civil Liberties of to the Civil Liberties of AmericansAmericans
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats Threats
to the Civil Liberties of to the Civil Liberties of AmericansAmericans
2. Sedition ActSedition Act – 1918 - it was a crime to speak against the purchase of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats Threats
to the Civil Liberties of to the Civil Liberties of AmericansAmericans
Government Excess & Government Excess & Threats Threats
to the Civil Liberties of to the Civil Liberties of AmericansAmericans
3. Schenck v. USSchenck v. US – 1919 - in ordinary times the mailing of the leaflets would have been protected by the 1st Amendment. - BUT, every act of speech must be judged acc. to the circumstances in which it was spoken. -The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. [Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes] - If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.
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Over there, over thereOver there, over thereSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word overover there thereThat the Yanks are coming, the That the Yanks are coming, the
Yanks are coming, Yanks are coming,The drums rum-tumming The drums rum-tumming everywhereeverywhereSo prepare, say a prayerSo prepare, say a prayerSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word to to beware beware
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Over there, over thereOver there, over thereSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word over over there thereThat the Yanks are coming, the That the Yanks are coming, the
Yanks are coming, Yanks are coming,The drums rum-tumming The drums rum-tumming everywhereeverywhereSo prepare, say a prayerSo prepare, say a prayerSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word to to beware bewareWe'll be over, we're coming We'll be over, we're coming over,over,And we won't come back till it's And we won't come back till it's
over, over there! over, over there!
Over there, over thereOver there, over thereSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word over over there thereThat the Yanks are coming, the That the Yanks are coming, the
Yanks are coming, Yanks are coming,The drums rum-tumming The drums rum-tumming everywhereeverywhereSo prepare, say a prayerSo prepare, say a prayerSend the word, send the word Send the word, send the word to to beware bewareWe'll be over, we're coming We'll be over, we're coming over,over,And we won't come back till it's And we won't come back till it's
over, over there! over, over there!
Johnnie get your gun, get your Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, gun, get your gun, get your gun,Johnnie show the Hun you're a Johnnie show the Hun you're a son son of a gun, of a gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit, show your Pack your little kit, show your grit, grit, do your bit, do your bit,Yankees to the ranks from the Yankees to the ranks from the towns towns and the tanks, and the tanks,Make your momma proud of you Make your momma proud of you And the old Red And the old Red WhiteWhite and and BlueBlue..
Johnnie get your gun, get your Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, gun, get your gun, get your gun,Johnnie show the Hun you're a Johnnie show the Hun you're a son son of a gun, of a gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit, show your Pack your little kit, show your grit, grit, do your bit, do your bit,Yankees to the ranks from the Yankees to the ranks from the towns towns and the tanks, and the tanks,Make your momma proud of you Make your momma proud of you And the old Red And the old Red WhiteWhite and and BlueBlue..
