Aim: How are the 3 branches of the U.S. government different?

Checks and Balances: A principle of the US constitution whereby branches of the government have some controlling authority over the actions of other branches

Legislative Branch: The branch of government which is concerned with the making of laws

Executive Branch: The branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out the laws

Judicial Branch: Branch of government that hears and settles legal disputes

What is Federalism? How does it work?

Review: Do Now

• Federalism = power divided between state and federal government.

• The framers were trying to divide power so that the government could not grow too powerful and become oppressive.

Government:

How it works for you

Did you know there are three

branches of the

Federal Governme

nt?

Executive

Legislative

Judicial

Examining the 3 Branches• Workshop: Teaching the 3 branches • Students will be divided into 3 groups. Each group is

responsible for teaching their branch to the rest of the class. • Answer the questions for your assigned branch. THEN…• Groups will use chart paper to create notes for the rest of the

class.• When each group is teaching the class, all students are

taking notes for the other 2 branches

• The poster will also include a visual aspect of the groups branch to help illustrate the function of the branch

Share Out• Students present their posters to the class;

rest of the class takes notes

The President of The United States is the head of the

Executive Branch

•The Secretary of Agriculture

•The Secretary of the Interior

•The Secretary of Commerce

•The Secretary of Education

•The Secretary of Health and Human Services

•The Secretary of Homeland Security

•The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

•The Secretary of Transportation

•The Secretary of Veterans' Affairs

The Executive Branch also includes the Vice President and other officials, such as members of the cabinet.

•The Secretary of State

•The Secretary of Labor

•The Secretary of the Treasury

•The Secretary of Energy

•The Secretary of Defense

•The Attorney General

The United States Supreme Court is the head of the Judicial Branch

The judicial branch oversees the court system of the United States. •Explains the meaning of the Constitution and laws passed by Congress •Rules on whether something is unconstitutional or constitutional

•On the Supreme Court there are nine justices, or judges; eight associate and one chief justice.

•Judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate.

•Have no term limits.

•Supreme Court is the highest court in the land.

•Its decisions are final, and no other court can overrule their decisions.

The legislative branch is made up of the two houses of Congress- the Senate and the House of Representatives.

•Most important duty of the legislative branch is to make laws

•There are 100 senators in the senate, two from each state

•There are 435 representatives in the House of Representatives. The number of representatives is based on each state’s population

Did you know that each state’s constitution also separates power between three branches of government? Arkansas, like the federal government has Executive, Judicial and Legislative branches of government to protect its citizens.

The Governor is the head of the state executive branch. The executive branch also includes the Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State,

State Treasurer, State Auditor and the State Land Commissioner.

The state judicial branch is made up of five court systems:

•The Arkansas Supreme Court

•Arkansas Court of Appeals

•Circuit Courts

•District Courts

•City Courts

At the top level is the Supreme Court where there are seven justices, or judges: six associate justices and one chief justice. Unlike the federal judicial branch the state Supreme Court Justices are elected by the people

The state legislative branch, like the federal legislative branch is made up of two houses- the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The state legislative branch also creates laws; there are 35 senators and 100 representatives.

They meet every odd year in January at the State Capitol in Little Rock for their regular session.

Do you know how a bill becomes a law? We know that the legislative branch makes them, but do we know how?

First, a concerned citizen contacts his/her senator or representative about an idea that they would like to see become a law. After the researching is done the legislator has the bill drafted by their staff.

After a bill is drafted, it can be introduced by any member of the house or senate, and more than one legislator can sponsor a bill. The bill is filed with the bill clerk, who assigns the bill a number.

The bill is then introduced and read in the house or the senate for the first and usually a second time ( a bill must be read three times before final passage).

After reading, the bill is assigned to the appropriate committee. The committee schedules the bill to be read at a public meeting where legislators and anyone interested can speak for or against the bill. The committee can also add amendments to a bill. The committee then votes on the bill. The committee votes do pass, do pass as amended, do not pass, or without recommendation.

If a bill is amended, the bill is engrossed to include the amendment. When a bill comes out of committee it is placed on the calendar for a third reading. At the third reading, the reading clerk reads the title of the bill for the third and final time.

Vote: Most bills are adopted by a simple majority. Appropriation bills require a 3/4 vote. Initiated acts may be amended or repealed by a 2/3 vote of both houses.

If the bill fails, it dies on the floor.

If the bill passes, it is sent to the opposite chamber and repeats the process that it followed in the previous chamber. If the house amends a senate bill, it is then referred to the senate and then referred to a committee.

Conference Committee: If the 2 houses cannot agree on a bill, the differences are reconciled by a conference committee with representatives from each House. Compromises subject to approval by both houses.

When bills are passed by both houses, the enrolled bill is certified by the presiding officer of each house and sent to the Governor.

The Governor must sign, veto, or refer the bill back to its House of origin with his objections within 5 days. The bill may be passed over the Governor’s veto by a simple majority vote of both houses. A bill not signed or returned within 5 days of session must be signed or vetoed by the Governor within 20 days of adjournment of the general assembly or they become law without his signature. All acts are given a number and filed with the Secretary of State.

Aim: How does the system of checks and balances function?

• Separation of Powers: The Constitution set up three branches of government, each with specific and unique powers, as well as system of checks and balances designed to limit those powers.

• Veto: Vote that prevents a proposed action from occurring or being completed. In the United States government, the US President can veto a proposed law; however, because of the system of checks and balances, he can be overruled if there is a 2/3 majority vote in both houses of Congress.

• Judicial Review: A court's authority to examine an executive or legislative act and to invalidate (cancel) that act if it is contrary (against) to constitutional principles.

Political Cartoon Analysis

1. View the handout

2. Examine the cartoon

3. Answer the questions based on the cartoon

DBQ Practice

• Obtain a copy of documents 1-7

• Divide into pairs

• One partner will read the document

• The other partner will answer the question

• Each partner will alternate (switch) this process

• We will discuss your findings when you are finished

Summary Activity

Write a thesis statement for the essay question at the end of the documents