aijaz ahmad - democracy & dictatorship in pakistan - 1978

Ahmad, Aijaz, Democracy and Dictatorship in Pakistan , Journal of Contemporary Asia, 8:4 (1978) p.477

Page 2: Aijaz ahmad - democracy & dictatorship in pakistan - 1978

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announcement of land reforms in jan , 1977

Page 3: Aijaz ahmad - democracy & dictatorship in pakistan - 1978

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That the repressive apparatus of the state should so blatantly assume the tasks fo its political apparatus shows in no uncertain terms that the reformist model of the Bhutto era has failed and that the propertied classes have failed to devise a civil structure to contain the acute crisis of the polity.

Page 4: Aijaz ahmad - democracy & dictatorship in pakistan - 1978

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Crisis of the economic base, of the dominant ideology and of the state institutions.... of even the legitimacy of the existing state

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the social bases for democracy cannot be secured without the democratization of economic life, of the relations among nationalities, and of the state institutions.

Page 5: Aijaz ahmad - democracy & dictatorship in pakistan - 1978

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emergence of radical stratum in the[petty bourgeoisie as an important force in teh formation of power blocs, which content for dominance in the political apparatus of the state.

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Once in power, PPP became the political apparatus of the reactionary state.