aiims nov 2001_ microbiology - crack pgmee

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BREAKINGNEWS 2monthsagoFirstNoninvasiveDNAScreeningforColorectalCa0Comment

DECEMBER2,2014BYADMININMBBS:PARTII,MICROBIOLOGY,MICROBIOLOGY:AIIMS0COMMENT

AIIMSNOV2001:MICROBIOLOGY

1.Autoinfectionisseenwitha)Ankylostomab)Enterobiusc)Echinococcusd)Ascariasis

Answer:EnterobiusExplanation:CauseofautoinfectionEnterobiusStrongyloidesH.nana

2.Whichofthefollowingiscalicivirus?a)HepatitisEb)HepatitisBc)HepatitisCd)HepatitisA

Answer:HepatitisEExplanation:Calicivirusaresmall,nonenvelopedviruswithsinglestrandedRNAofpositivepolarity.Calicivirushavelargegenomeanddistinctivespikesonthesurface.TherearetwohumanpathogensintheCalicivirusfamily:NorwalkvirusandHepatitisE.NorwalkvirusandotherCalicivirusproduceinfectionsthatcauseacutediarrheaandvomiting(gastroenteritis),abdominalcramps,myalgias,malaise,headache,nausea,andlowgradefever.ThehepatitisEvirus,onceconsideredacalicivirus,nowbelongstoanunassignedgenuscalledthehepatitisElikeviruses.

3.Recenthepatitisinfectionisbestdiagnosedbya)HbsAgb)IgGantiHBeabc)IgMantiHBcabd)AntiHBsAgab

Answer:IgMantiHBcabExplanation:Reference:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632workup#aw2aab6b5b2AcutehepatitisBdisease:Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are the first markers that can beidentifiedintheseruminacutedisease.HepatitisBcoreantibody(antiHBc)immunoglobulinM(IgM)follows.IgMantiHBcAgRecentinfectionIgGantiHBcAgPastinfectionForpatientswhorecover,seroconversiontohepatitisBsurfaceantibody(antiHBs)andhepatitisBeantibody(antiHBe)isobserved.TheantiHBcisoftheIgGclass.PatientswithpersistentHBsAglastingmorethan6monthsareconsideredtohavechronichepatitis.InactivehepatitisBdisease:SuchindividualshavenormalASTandALTlevels,withmarkersofinfectivity,suchasHBeAg,beingnegativeandHBVDNAgoingundetected.HBsAg,antiHBcofIgGtype,andantiHBearepresentintheserum.ChronicactivehepatitisBdisease:ChronicactiveHBVdiseaseiscategorizedintoHBeAgpositiveandHBeAgnegativedisease.SubtypewildtypeorHBeAgpositivedisease:HBVDNAlevelsarehighduringthisphase.HBsAgandantiHBcofIgGorIgMtype(incaseofreactivation)areidentifiedintheserum.SubtypechronicHBVHBeAgnegativedisease:HBeAgnegativitycanbeassociatedwithgreaterHBVDNAreplicationandmorerapiddiseaseprogressioninpatientswhocarrymutationsineithertheprecoreorthebasiccorepromoterregionoftheHBVgenome.

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Like4.AcutehepatitisBcanbeearliestdiagnosedbya)IgMantiHBcabb)AntiHBsAgabc)HbsAgd)IgGantiHBeab

Answer:HbsAgExplanation:Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are the first markers that can beidentifiedintheseruminacutedisease.ThemostimportantlaboratorytestforthedetectionofearlyHBVinfectionistheimmunoassayforHBsAg.HBsAgappearsduringtheincubationperiodandisdetectableinmostpatientsduringtheprodromeandacutedisease.Itfallstoundetectablelevelduringconvalescenceinmostcases.Forpatientswhorecover,seroconversiontohepatitisBsurfaceantibody(antiHBs)andhepatitisBeantibody(antiHBe)isobserved.TheantiHBcisoftheIgGclass.PatientswithpersistentHBsAglastingmorethan6monthsareconsideredtohavechronichepatitis.HBsAbisnotdetectableinthechroniccarrierstate.HBeAgandHBeAb:HBe Ag Its presence indicates a high likelihood of transmissibility and conversely the finding of HBe Abindicatesalowerlikelihood.ViralDNA:ThedetectionofviralDNAintheserumisstrongevidencethatinfectiousvirionsarepresent.WindowPhase:There is a period several weeks when HBs Ag has disappeared but HBs Ab is not yet detectable. This iswindowphase.AtthispointTheHBCAbisalwayspositiveandcanbeusedtomakethediagnosis.

5.Enteroviruscausesall,excepta)Hemorrhagicfeverb)Pleurodyniac)Herpanginad)Asepticmeningitis

Answer:HemorrhagicfeverExplanation:ClinicalfeaturesofNonpolioEnteroviruses:Nonspecificfebrileillness:Thisisthemostcommonpresentationofenterovirusinfection.Pleurodynia:Pleurodyniamanifestationsincludeasuddenonsetoffeveraccompaniedbymuscularpaininthechestandabdomen.Myopericarditis:Enterovirusesappeartobethemostcommonviralcauseofmyopericarditisandaccountforatleasthalfofallcasesofacutemyopericarditis.Acutehemorrhagicconjunctivitis:Thishighlycontagiousocularinfectioncancauselargescaleepidemics.AsepticmeningitisHerpangina:Describedasavesicularenanthemof the tonsillar faucesandsoftpalate thatprincipallyaffectschildrenaged310years.Handfootandmouthdisease:Thisismainlyadiseaseofchildrenmostpatientsareyoungerthan10years.Encephalitis:Frankencephalitisisanunusualmanifestationofenterovirusinfection.Nonpoliovirus paralytic disease: Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A7 have been associated with largeoutbreaksofpoliomyelitislikediseaseinRussia,EasternEurope,Thailand,andTaiwan.

6.Invasiveamoebiasiscanbebestdiagnosedbya)ELISAb)Countercurrentimmunoelectrophoresisc)Indirecthemagglutinationtestd)Complementfixationtest

Answer:CountercurrentimmunoelectrophoresisExplanation:Bestmethodfordiagnosisofinvasiveamoebiasisisserologicaltest.Indirecthemagglutinationassay(IHA):ItdetectsantibodyspecificforEhistolytica.IHAisveryspecific(99.1%),butitislesssensitivethanELISA.Itisnotusefulindifferentiatingacuteinfectionfrompreviousinfection,becausehightitersmaypersistforyearsaftersuccessfultreatment.ELISA:ELISA,theassaymostcommonlyusedworldwide,measuresthepresenceofserumantilectinantibodies(IgG).The sensitivity of ELISA for detection of antibodies to E histolytica in patients with amebic liver abscess is97.9%,anditsspecificityis94.8%.IE,CIEandID:IE,CIEandIDusetheprecipitationpropertyofantigenantibodycomplexesinagar.CounterImmunoElectrophoresis(CIE)istimeconsumingbuthasasensitivityof100%ininvasiveamoebiasis.Immunodiffusion (ID) is simple to perform and thus ideal for laboratories that only rarely perform amebicserologyhowever,itrequiresaminimumof24hours,comparedwith2hoursforIHAorELISA.IDisslightlylesssensitivethanIHAandELISAbutisequallyspecific.



Complementfixation(CF)islesssensitivethanothertechniques.

7.Preformedtoxinisimportantinfoodpoisoningduetoall,excepta)Staphaureusb)Clostridiumbotulismc)ETECd)B.cereus

Answer:ETECExplanation:Shortincubation(ie,within1d,usually



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d)Staphylococcusaureus

Answer:StreptococcusviridansExplanation:Streptococcusviridans:Mostpeoplewhodevelopinfectiousendocarditishaveunderlyingheartdiseaseorvalveproblems.However,anorganismcommonlyfoundinthemouth,Streptococcusviridans,isresponsibleforabout50%ofallbacterialendocarditiscases.This is why dental procedures increase your chances for developing this condition. Such procedures areespeciallyriskyforchildrenwithcongenitalheartconditions.Asaresult,itiscommonpracticeforchildrenwithsomeformsofcongenitalheartdiseaseandadultswithcertainheartvalveconditionstotakeantibioticsbeforeanydentalwork.MostcommoncauseofendocarditisinnativevalveStaphaureusMostcommoncauseofendocarditisinIVdrugabusersStaphaureusMostcommoncauseofearlyprostheticvalveendocarditis(12months)StreptococcusviridansMostcommoncauseofinfectiveendocarditisafterdentalextractionStreptococcusviridans

12.Trueabouttoxoplasmosisisall,excepta)Inadultstoxoplasmosisisusuallyasymptomaticb)IgGantibodiesarediagnosticincongenitaltoxoplasmosisc)Isaanthroponoticdiseased)Encephalitisisuncommon(Rare)inimmunocompetentindividuals

Answer:IgGantibodiesarediagnosticincongenitaltoxoplasmosisExplanation:An anthroponotic disease is an infectious disease in which a disease causing agent carried by humans istransferredtootheranimals.Itmaycausethesamediseaseoradifferentdiseaseinotheranimals.ToxoplasmosisiscausedbyinfectionwiththeprotozoanToxoplasmagondii,anobligateintracellularparasite.Only1020%oftoxoplasmosiscasesinadultsandchildrenaresymptomatic.Toxoplasmosisisaseriousandoftenlifethreateningdiseaseinimmunodeficientpatients.Approximately8090%ofpatientsareasymptomaticinimmunocompetentpersons.Diagnosis:SerialIgGmeasurement(formaternalinfection)AmnioticfluidPCR(forfetalinfection)DetectionofIgMinneonatesserumforcongenitaltoxoplasmosisThedoublesandwichIgMELISAtestismoresensitiveandspecificthanotherIgMdetectiontests.IgAandIgEELISAshouldbedeterminedwhentheinfantsIgMtitersarenegativeorequivocal.DeterminationofToxoplasmaspecificIgAorIgEismoresensitivethandetectionofIgMforcongenitaltoxoplasmosis.

13.45yearsoldSeetaRamhasintraabdominalsepsis.Thecausativeorganismwasfoundtobevancomycin,gentamycinandampicillinresistant.Itgrowswellinpresenceof6.5%NaClandarginine.Bileesculinhydrolysisispositive.Whichofthefollowingistheorganism?a)Streptococcusagalactaeb)Enterococcusfecalisc)Streptococcusbovisd)Streptococcuspneumoniae

Answer:EnterococcusfecalisExplanation:Enterococcusfecalis:GrampositivecocciinchainAlpha,betaornonhemolyticcoloniesonbloodagarGrowsin6.5%NaClHydrolyzesesculininpresenceof40%bileDiseases:UTI,biliarytractinfectionandabdominalabscessEndocarditisrarebutlifethreatening

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