aida opoku mensah

ICTs, Science & Technology Division (ISTD), UNECA www.uneca.org/istd / www.uneca.org/aisi

Ms. Aida Opoku-Mensah

Director

ICT, Science and Technology Division

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

"E-Government Development Trends and Challenges of Africa Region, and ECA's Policies and Strategies"

1st Global e-Government Forum: “Smart e-Government for a Better Future” 18-19 October 2012

Seoul, Republic of Korea

Track 3-1

United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG)

Division for Public Administration and Development Management

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs


Contents

The context

e-Government policies and strategies development in Africa

Capacity building

Measuring ICT4D – development of e-Government indicators

TIGA - Promoting e-Government in Africa

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

Conclusions


Context

AISI Guided by the African Information Society Initiative launched in 1996, ECA and partners supported countries in Africa with the formulation of national ICT policies, commonly known as, NICIs which resulted in over 43

countries adopting their NICIs by end of 2010 and a further 6 in the process of developing one

e-Government Strategies ECA provides support to African governments and RECs in the development of national and regional e-government

strategies

> 80% of African countries have e-government strategies (ECA Survey, 2011)

Most countries identified e-Government as one of their policy pillars


ECA’s activities in the development of

e-Government in Africa

Capacity building

Promoting and Measuring Impact,

Knowledge Sharing and Networking

• Burkina Faso, Botswana, Ghana,

Niger, Togo, Swaziland and Zambia

• ECOWAS framework, e-SADC, EAC

e-Gov framework, AU Convention on

cyber security

• Parliamentary ICT committees

• Training of Parliamentarians

• ECA’s e-Learning platform

e-Gov policy and strategy formulation and implementation

• Scan-ICT programme

• e-Government indicators

Partnerships & Collaboration: Member States, AUC, RECs, Gov. of Finland, others (eg. Int. Partnership for ICT Measurement)


Skills Development

Pri

vat

e S

ecto

r D

evel

opm

ent

Com

munit

y D

evel

opm

ent

E-G

over

nm

ent

Cyber-Security

The 5 Clusters of NICI- 2015

ICT policy implementation in action: The case of Rwanda


Rwanda

NICI-2 Implementation

NICI II Achievement

Implemented

Under Implementation

Not Implemented


Overview of Rwanda NICI success Stories

National Backbone Network

- Telecenter

- ICT Bus

- PIKs

- Low Cost Mobile phone

- E-Soko

- OpenMRS, TracNet, Telemedicine

- OLPC, Schoolnet

- Wibro

- Data Center

- Kalisimbi

- KMN

- SmartGov

- Online asset declarations

- National ID

- Teleconferencing/UC

- Document tracking & workflow mgt

- RIPPS, Govt Web Presence

- ICT Park

- Online Registration (DB top global reformer)

- Online tax declarations

- Tax Incentives

Integrated ICT Development

Internet Services

Rural Community

e-Government

Private Sector Devt

GATSIB

O

NYAGATAR

E

KAYONZ

A

RWAMAGANA

BUGESERA

NGOM

A

KIREH

E

GICUMBI

KAMONY

I

RULIND

O

BURERAMUSANZE

GAKENKENYABIH

U

GISENYI

RUTSIRO

NGORORER

O

KARONGI

MUHANGA

RUHANGO

NYANZA

HUYE

GISAGAR

ANYARUGURU

NYAMAGABE

NYAMASHEKE

RUSIZI BORDE

R

DISTRIC

T

46K

m

44Km

81K

m

36Km

47K

m

16K

m

33K

m

38K

m79K

m

33K

m

58K

m

70K

m

47K

m

39K

m

21K

m

31K

m19K

m41K

m

74K

m

36Km

84K

m

36Km

112Km

79K

m 27K

m

32K

m

46K

m

49K

m

21K

m

36Km

29K

m

34K

m

16K

m47K

m

34K

m

13K

m

72Core

FOC48Core

FOC36Core

FOC

25K

m

25K

m

Critical Mass Human

Capacity Development


Rwanda NICI implementation challenges

Acute shortage of Skills Human Capital

Need to integrate and harmonize ICT4D program at the regional and

continent level

Lack of ownership – need to involve all the stakeholders and educate

them on how ICT can help them improve their life

Power shortage

Capacity to Monitor & Evaluate NICI Implementation at the outcome level

Limited Information Security

Nascent private sector

Need to address last mile connectivity


Rwanda NICI Implementation 2000-2010: e-Government

and e-Governance

• Support and empower the Immigration and Emigration Departments

simplifying entry & exit processes, obtaining travel docs, and collect

migration information

• Development and establishment of community-based ICT initiatives

Telecentres and business development centres; ICT Bus project; > 53,000 low cost

family phones; 400,000 rural farmers and students obtained ICT skills training; telecom

sector liberalized, cost of voice calls lowering; fiber optic cable internet being deployed

into the countryside; radio, TV and telecom coverage increasing significantly

Emphasis on:

• Improving the efficiency of civil and public sector to deliver services and

information through the use of ICTs for e-government

• Widening public–private partnerships (PPPs)

• Improving accountability and transparency and citizen participation in

governance issues

Projects:


ESCWA

Members of the Task Group on

e-Government (TGEG) Indicators


11

No Name of Indicator

EG1 Proportion of persons employed in central government organizations routinely using computers

EG2 Proportion of persons employed in central government organizations routinely using the Internet

EG3 Proportion of central government organizations with a Local Area Network (LAN)

EG4 Proportion of central government organizations with an intranet

EG5 Proportion of central government organizations with Internet access, by type of access

EG6 Proportion of central government organizations with a web presence

EG7 Selected Internet-based services available to citizens, by level of sophistication of service

7 Core e-Government indicators adopted by the UNSC in Feb 2012


12

Training manual on e-Gov indicators under development

Capacity building training for NSOs planned for December 2012


E-government core indicators in selected countries based on

ECA’s 2011 WSIS survey

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

% of persons

employed in

central govt inst

routinely using

computers

% of persons

employed in

central govt inst

routinely using

Internet

% of central govt

inst with a LAN

connecting at

least two

computers

% of central govt

inst with an

Intranet

% of central govt

inst with Internet

access by type

of access

(narrowband,

broadband)

% of central govt

inst with a web

presence

% of central govt

inst offering data

services targeted

to mobile phone

users

% of central govt

inst offering

online services

by level of

sophistication of

service (i.e.

interactive,

transactional,

connected)

Burundi

Congo

Gambia

Guinea

Mali

Mauritius

Sudan

Among the 29 countries surveyed during 2009 and 2011 ECA WSIS survey, 80% of them

confirmed having e-government strategy in place


E-Government : Seychelles

e-government development index value = 0.5192

(ranked 84th in the world and 1st in Africa)

Followed by:

Mauritius (0.5066)

South Africa (0.4869)

Tunisia, Egypt, Cape

Verde, Kenya, Morocco,

Botswana & Namibia

Source: United Nations E-Government Survey 2012, (www.unpan.org/e-government)


Trends in e-gov development in Africa and comparisons at the global level

Regional averages in e-gov dev’t

Top ranked countries in Africa Trends in e-gov development in Africa 2008 - 2012

Challenge remains infrastructure and

functional literacy despite recent

expansion in in mobile telephony

Southern Africa (0.3934) consistently

outpaces all other regions..


Technology in Government in Africa (TIGA)

Awards TIGA aims:

To promote access to e-services

To encourage the use of ICTs by African governments in fulfilling their public service delivery obligations

To recognize outstanding work in developing ICT applications for service delivery by African governments as well as other stakeholders

To advance spatial enablement of e-government services in mainstreaming geospatial information technologies in government day-to-day business processes and service delivery


5 Categories:

Public service delivery to citizens/communities – Public service Delivery to citizens/ communities (G2C)

Improved health services through the use of ICTs

Improved educational services through the use of ICTs

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

GIS in Government (from 2013)


Participation in TIGA has been on the increase

since first launched in 2007

During the next 2013 TIGA, new category: G-Government category or Geospatial Government encompasses the use of the Internet and GIS in making the delivery of services more effective by governments

Exploring with UNDESA to create synergies between TIGA and the United Nations Public Service Awards to recognize excellence in public service in Africa

TIGA entries in the last three years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2009 2011

Entries

Countries


CATEGORY 1: Public service Delivery

1. eSoko Project, RWANDA (real time agricultural commodity market price information)

2. Government Online Centre for Enhanced Public Service Delivery, MAURITIUS (state-of-the art and best of the breed ICT technologies with an Internet Bandwidth Connectivity of 100 Mbps, operating 24/24, 7/7)

3. Free and Open Access to Public Legal Information in Kenya, KENYA (publishing and free access to laws and court proceedings)


CATEGORY 2: ICTs in Health

1. Suivi de la Santé des enfants basé sur l’utilisation du té léphone portable: Agence nationale de Telesante, MALI (follow up through SMS of 0-5 years children and free treatment)

2. mPedigree Kenya National Medicine Quality System, KENYA (reporting counterfeit medicine through same toll-free 4-digit number on all mobile networks)

3. La Telemedecine Pour L’acces Aux Soins De Sante, CAMEROUN (provision of online tele health services to all at affordable cost)


CATEGORY 3: ICTs in Education

1. The Speaking Book, SOUTH AFRICA This project aims to make education about critical issues accessible to all regardless of literacy or education level

2. Dr Math, SOUTH AFRICA - Dr. Math is a mobile tutoring service that provides access to credible, personal, on-demand tutoring in the subject of Mathematics

3. eLimika e-learning programme, KENYA – eLimika, which is a Kiswahili word for “get educated”, is the vehicle through which Kenya Institute of Education (KIE) delivers its courses

4. Plate-forme de formation à distance de l’Academia Aberta de Angola: Formation partout et à tout moment!, ANGOLA is the training platform of the Open Academy of Angola


CATEGORY 4: PPP

1. eTrade Africa, SENEGAL (platform to facilitate secure trade between Africa and European Union countries)

2. Federal Road Safety - Drivers License, NIGERIA (identity management and card production system geared to driving licences and road safety )

3. Online Registration & Placement Software, ETHIOPIA (online registration for exams of 2,000,000, 10th grade and 12th grade students)


CATEGORY 5 (New) : GIS in Government

1. New Award Category in the TIGA 2013:

Because : We Need Spatially Enabled Societies in Africa

2. G-Government : Take advantage of the Internet and GIS to create more effective government Services:

- G-Government is symptomatic of the ever-widening impact of GIS

3. Three major types of G-Government applications will be considered:

- Government to business

- Government to citizens

- Government to government. :

Trans-African High-Ways


Setting up policies at national (NSDI) levels

National governments encouraged to develop policies that provide access to NSDI info

Assist member States to build consensus among the data providing stakeholders

Through the NSDI committees, the need for implementation of NSDI policies receiving attention

Setting up African Spatial Data Infrastructure at Regional Level (ARSDI)

Improve regional scale development decision-making

Ensure that reliable info is easily available for policy, investment, planning, management, monitoring

and evaluation purposes at regional levels

Develop holistic capacity building and retention of GIS professionals in Africa

Establish of a continental plan of action towards an active participation of African government

officials and other stakeholders in the GGIM initiative

Developing Spatially-Enabled Government e-Services (SEGS)

Ensure that reliable information is easily available for policy, investment, planning, management,

monitoring and evaluation purposes at the regional and subregional scales

Setting up Online Metadata Clearinghouse Registry Services :

Enable member States’ capabilities to perform online delivery of location-based services

ECA Role : Strengthening Enabling Environments for Effective and

Practical Spatially-enabled Policies & Actions


ECA Exemplary e-Gov related Activities : Support to NSDI

Development and Linkage with NICI Policies

ECA is providing advisory services

and technical assistance to the

country to develop a the Plan

Géomatique National de la Côte

d’Ivoire (PGNCI) as Côte d’Ivoire’s

NSDI.

As part of the Assistance, ECA has

developed the Geoinformation

Application Inventory Tool (GAIT)

• A standard web-based tool for:

• Collecting information and

Applications / Services

• Inventorying datasets needed for

applications development

• Assessing institutions with their

respective mandates

• Generating reports on individual

datasets or applications

Lead to improved assignment of

custodians through a consensual

process with Government entities


ECA Exemplary e-Gov related Activities : Support to Developing Policy

Framework on Addressing Systems On request, ECA supports member States to

implement their mapping activities

Case Study : The National Addressing System of Ghana. ECA is providing advisory services to develop the country national addressing systems. The assistance currently includes:

• Expedite the acquisition, processing and analysis of a very high resolution satellite multispectral image covering the Greater Accra; providing a strong base for three-dimensional feature recognition, extraction and exploitation.

• Provision of state-of-art geoinformation tools and equipment for the addressing activities

• Capacity building to develop internal expertise at the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development through handsome training and internship programmes on street addressing and house numbering for selected young professionals.

• Support for the development of a national policy framework on addressing, including elaboration of standards and specifications for the systems.

Accra


ECA Geospatial Information Technology Key

Qualities

Increase access to and use of spatially based information resources in decision making processes

Strengthen the capacity of member States to design institutional arrangements and implement national policies and programmes that reinforce the linkages within the nexus of planning, mobile services, planning

Champion the use of geospatial technology and information services to drive Africa to become more spatially enabled


African e-learning initiative

(http://www.uneca.org/elearnafrica)


Conclusions Partnerships and collaboration crucial for enhancing public service

delivery

Need for connected Government to enhance service delivery

Issues of OPEN DATA & OPEN GOV in Africa

Need for policy makers to be aware of the evolving technological possibilities to make government/public services accessible to the citizens

Need to engage with the citizens particularly the youth who make up 2/3 of African population using new technologies and tools

The changing needs of economic and social development require a wide range of new skills and competences, known as the 21st century competences key enablers of responsible citizenship in a knowledge-based and technology-pervaded economy

Investing on institutional and leadership capacities is key for e-government development in Africa


Thank You !

http://www.uneca.org/istd/

Twitter: @ECA_ISTD

aida opoku mensah

Documents

smart egovernment

context egovernment

global egovernment forum

development of national

strategies development

eac egov framework

government indicators

ict measurement icts